Applied Psychology
Year:2009 | Volume:3 | Issue:2 (10)|Papers Count:8

Purpose of this study was to determine the trend of changes in the mental health of married couples. Method was a descriptive-comparative study in which 230 married couples were selected from student's mass marriages in Tehran universities. From this sample, 213 couples in the first year of the study, 116 couples in the second year, 46 couples in the third year, 95 couples in the fourth year, 56 married couples in the fifth year, and finally 27 couples in the fourth year of their marriage completed the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ). Results indicated that except for the somatic symptoms subscale, differences between mean scores of other subscales as well as the total GHQ mean scores in different years were not significant. The best predictor of the GHQ total score in the fifth year of the study was the event of getting married itself. Also there weregender differences in terms of the GHQ scores, i.e. females have reported lower mental health in comparison with males. Discussion: The result showed a change may occur during first year of marriage is in relations and responsibilities of couples arid the expression of Jension in obtaining communication and conflictr resolution skills. Furthermore, this tension may be increased in women by occupational family and occur at ional roles during first years of marriage which impacts their mental health negatively.

The aim of this study is to determine and compare levels of moral judgment and social development of non profit students who were been taught Quran (by using the method of memorizing with meaning) and normal school students from four areas of Tehran city. Method was causal-comparative. The sample population of the research was all 10 to II years old male and female students, all of them were 4th and 5th grade students who were enrolled in the 86-1387 academic year. The sample was multi- stage random sample, and the number of samples in each group was 60 students. Moral judgment questionnaire MJT (1998) and the Vineland social maturity scale were conducted among all the students. The data were analyzed using T-tests, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple analyses of variance (MANOVA). The results showed that the social growth and moral judgment of students who completely memorized Quran were higher than the normal students. Also there were no significant difference between the subscales of Vineland social maturity scale of boys and girls. The relationship between moral judgment and social development is significant and positive. Conclusion: this study demonstrates the effective role of new methods of Quran- oriented education in social growth and moral judgment of students, comparing with conventional and traditional methods of education.

Aim of this research was to study the effect of consumer's value system on their attitudes through decision making process and possessions as post  purchase behaviors. Method correlational using cluster sampling was 213 participants were selected. The instruments used in this study were as follows Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) (2004), Buying Behavior Attitude Scale (BBAS), and an open-ended question about important possessions. Using Richins's Coding Categories (1994), participant's responses to the questions were content analyzed. All the instruments revealed satisfactory psychometric properties. Data were analyzed using canonical correlation-which is a multivariate analysis, which measures the relationship between a groups of variables other variables. The obtained canonical correlations indicate that individual level values predict and are related to consumer’s attitudes (p<.001) and the type of their possessions, (p=.034). Results also show the relationships between buying behavior attitudes and possession types (p=.075). Altogether, these results suggest that not only .u psychological functions span the breadth of value attitude-behavior system, but also these functions can be studied using a more subtle value typology. Conclusion: were discussed these results in term of Schwartz Value Theory.

Aim this study is exploring the interrelations between identity status and locus of control with gender, grade and field among high school students. Method of This Study was Causal- Comparative and in which 179 male and 167 female students at high school participated in the study and reported to Internal and External Scale (IES) questionnaire and Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS-2) inventory. Findings revealed no significant difference between boys and girls in their identity status. The findings showed senior students were more successful in accessing achieving identity status than junior students. Results also showed a meaningful relationship between locus of control and gender and A subject of Andy or field. Cording to the findings, female students and students studding humanities showed more external locus of control than others. On the other hand, male students and students majoring in mathematics showed more internal locos of control. In addition, the results revealed a significant relationship between identity status and locus of control: those with achieved identity status had more internal locus of control than others. Discussion: on it can be concluded that identity achievement may be a developmental Instead. Locus of control consumedly affects from external experiences such as field of study.

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between child -parents relates and Identity crisis and lack of Identity crisis in female high school students in Tehran. The method was a comparative- descriptive study. Results the sample was comprised of 60 students with Identity crisis and 60 d students with lack of Identity crisis who were selected randomly and completed the Personal Identity Inventory (Ahmadi 1999) and the Child-Parents Relationship Inventory (fine, Moreland & Schwbe 1987). Results showed that there were the significant differences between two groups of students. Discussion: the students with Identity crisis compared to the student’s lack of Identity crisis had a weak relationship with themselves and their parents.

Aim of the current research was to investigate validity and normalization of Feldman economic individualism inventory (1981). Method was factors analysis and for determining validity 375 farticipants and for reliability two sample of 40 & 50 individuals each and for normalization 1000 persons were randomly of sample in two stages. Results showed three components were labellod namber organization accommodation for L equal opportunity, internal tension of society for poverty maintenance and work ethics. Their consistency coefficients (Cronbach Alpha) were 0.382, 0.648, 0.573 respectively and 0.729 for the economic individualism inventory. Test retest re1iability was 0.432, 0.676, 0.584 and 0.687 respectively. Transformation of raw score of  normalizing sample (N= 1000) in to T and Z score and percentiles fielded for the norms of inventory. Discussion: Data indicates moderate reliability and validity. In situation in which individuals with report to their economic, questional could evaluate their economic and social oriention and based on the questionian, policies could be applied in order to attlart  voten.

Aim of the present study was to determinate relation between dimensions of spirituality, anxiety, and depression in students in Tehran University and to access the predictability of anxiety and depression from the levels of spiritual dimension in students. Method of the study is causal - comparative. 304 university students (124 boys and 180 girls) were selected From different colleges of the University of Tehran based on proportional sampling procedures and answered completed SCL 90-R as well as me Spiritual Experience Index (SEI). Results revealed that there was a negative relationship between levels of anxiety and spiritual dimensions (finding meaning in life" and "relation with God"). And a positive comelation between anxiety and depression with "lack of 9 spiritual experience". Also depression was negatively associated with students finding meaning in life, relation with God and spiritual actualization. The Findings revealed Female students scored higher in depression and anxiety than males. Discussion: According to these findings, anxiety and depression are two aspects of mental health, which have negative relationship with spirituality. These findings can be used in mental health intervention.