NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT (JOURNAL OF FISHERIES)
Year:2014 | Volume:7 | Issue:4 (28)|Papers Count:13

To quantify the hematological parameters of River Zander (Perca fluviatilis) in fishing season of 2009-2010, 125 specimens were randomly caught using beach seine from the Anzali Wetland and transferred lively to aquaculture research center of inland waters. Blood samples were collected from the fish after biometry had been done. Blood was taken using a syringe from peduncle vein and poured into vials containing heparin (anti-clotting of blood) and was gently shaken. Hematological parameters in blood samples were measured following laboratory standards methods. The results showed that most blood factor related to R.B.C count (4770000 mm3) and lowest in Mon (1.47%). Hematological compare of male and female breeder showed that male and female breeders had meaningful difference in MCH (P<0.05) but did not have meaningful difference in R.B.C Count, W.B.C Count, H.C.T, Hb, M.C.V, MCHC, Lym, Neu and Mon (P>0.05). The results showed that among age groups, did not have meaningful difference in R.B.C Count, W.B.C Count, H.C.T, Hb, M.C.V, M.C.H, MCHC, Lym, Neu and Mon (P>0.05).

This study has conducted to evaluate the effects of aquamin-T on fungi control, ratio of eyed eggs, hatching rate and survival of rainbow trout eggs during 29 days. Each treatment was triplicates into Californian troughs which contained 1650 eggs. The control treatment without disinfectant (1), UV with using of 60w lamp (2) and 2, 3 and 4 g aquamin-T per liter of water (3 to 5). During the experiment, fungal infection, ratio of eyed eggs, hatching rate and survival were measured. In the end of experiment, results showed significant differences among treatments. Fungal infection in 4g/L Aquamin-T treatment was significantly lower than other treatments (P<0.05). 3g/L Aquamin-T treatment had a higher ratio of eyed eggs, hatching rate and survival other than treatments. The results of this study showed that 3g/L of Aquamin-T is a useful and effective for the disinfection of rainbow trout water hatchery and it is suggested that further studies be conducted with Aquamin-T on other fish egg disinfectant.

In this study, the effects of bee Propolis extract on humoral immune response of common carp Cyprinus carpio were investigated. For this purpose, the 300 common carp fingerlings (intial weight 50±10 g) were divided into four groups and fed with a control diet and a diet containing. 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5% ethanol extract of Propolis for 60 days. The blood samples were provided on days 0, 20, 40 and 60 and Lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity, total protein, albumin and globulin were measured. At the end of the trial fingerlings were exposed to the bacterial pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila and mortality was recorded for 10 days. The results indicate that the diet 0.5% ethanol extract of Propolis increased significantly lysozyme activity in total protein, globulin (P<0.05). Bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila mortality after bacterial encounter test also treated 0.5% Propolis extract showed a significant decreasing compared to control while mortality in 0.25% and 0.1% was not significant (P>0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that suitable concentrations of Propolis extract in the diet to stimulate humoral immunity and increased resistance to testing encounter bacterial is concentration of 0.5%.

Effect of dietary mannanoligosaccharide (MOS, active MOS®) on growth, survival and body composition of Schizothorax zarudnyi were investigated for 45 days. Basal diet were supplemented with 0 (control), 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g MOS/kg commercial carp diet containing 35% protein and 12% lipid in a totally randomized design trial in 3 triplicates. The experiment was carried out in 1600 liters plastic tanks (600 liters water). Eleven fish with initially average weight 64.11±3.45 g were stocked in tanks and fish were fed up two meals a day. There were significant differences in growth and feeding parameters between fish fed control and MOS supplementation diets (P<0.05). Group treated with 3 g MOS /kg showed significant differences in protein efficiency ratio and weight gain (P<0.05). Price index and difference food conversion ratio in fishes fed the diets supplemented with 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic mannanoligosaccharide significantly (P<0.05) lower than control group. At during of trial, the fish were healthy and no mortality occurred. Results showed supplementation of 3.0 g MOS/kg in the fish fed diet caused increasing significantly in protein rate (P<0.05) The highest and the lowest protein rate were observed in 3.0 g kg-1 MOS and control treatment, respectively. There were significant differences in fat and ash rate among experimental groups (P<0.05). There were shown the highest fat rate in the fish fed diet 1.0 g MOS /kg and the highest ash rate in the fish fed diet 3.0 g MOS /kg, but no significant differences in moisture among experimental groups (P>0.05). The result indicated that 3.0 g MOS/kg MOS can improve growth performance, final production and body composition (protein rate) of S. zarudnyi and it is appropriate for supplementation in the diet of S. zarudnyi.

The purpose of this study is the assessment of macrobenthic fauna including diversity, density and abundance in Tajan River, around of Mazandaran Wood and Paper industrial of Tajan River in Sari’s area. Sampling of macrobenthic was performed monthly in 2011-2012 in the six stations by Surber. At this study, 16 families belonging to 7 orders and 3 class’s macrobenthic were identified and counted. The Results showed that, overall, the most abundance in the all stations belonging to the family of Batidae and Hydropsychidae and least abundance in the all stations belonging to the families Limoniidae, Cordulegasteridae, Polycentropidae, Platycenmidae and Chroloperlidae. Based on results of Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI), the average of the highest rates for HBI was in the station 6 (last station) in the spring and the lowest pollution was in station 4 (arrival sideway branch of Salardareh River) in winter. According to the results, the average of diversity and density increased in summer and decreased in cold seasons. Also in terms of the spatial dimension, the highest diversity and density of which belonged to station 1 that located in the upstream, and the lowest diversity and density of macrobenthic belonged to station 3 (located after entry pollution of Mazandaran Wood and Paper industrial), that it shows effect of Wood and Paper industrial wastewater on macrobenthic fauna.

This study was conducted to study of osteological structure of the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus). Five specimens of Caspian roach was purchased from local fishermen from the Turkmen Harbor. The cleared and stained specimens and their separated parts were scanned and photographed using an Epson v700 scanner equipped to glycerin bath. The bone structures were examined and described using a stereomicroscope Leica (MS5). Characteristics of the Caspian roach’s skeleton including cephalic, post-cranial, caudal regions were described in detail to provide the osteological feature of the Caspian roach.

In order to study biomass and length frequency of Arius thalassinus, research cruises were carried out in the Oman Sea, Systan and Balochestan waters, in autumn and summer seasons by swept area method. The studied area was from Meidani (58o 55’ E) to Gwatre Bay (61o30’ E). It was divided in to 5 sub regions (A, B, C, D and E) each covering 30’ width (except E, 35’), each region was divided in to 4 depth stratums: 10-20, 20-30, 30-50 and 50-100 m (A1, A2, A3 and A4). In each cruises, sampling was carried out for 65 stations using a bottom trawler by R/V Ferdows 1 for 1 hour. In this study after the samples the species A. thalassinus was measured and weighted the total biomass of A. thalassinus, in the summer was estimated 792.2 tons and for each layer of 10-20 m, 20-30 m, 30-50 m indicating 421.3, 261.7, 109.3, respectively, while there was no catch for 50-100 m layer. Also total biomass was evaluated 1495.2 tons in autumn, that in 10-20 m, 20-30 m, 30-50 m and 50-100 m were 574.3, 158.8, 241.6 and 520.5 tons, respectively. In this study, CPUA changes indicated that catch situation depends on warm or cold season. It means, catch amount follows a specific strategy. So, it’s recommended to use a suitable fishing gear.

Biodegradable protein-based film was developed by incorporating cinnamon essential oil (CEO) into whey protein concentration (WPC) at level of 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.5% v/v. Then, its antimicrobial activity tested against 6 bacteria and 1 fungus include Pseudomonas putida (PTCC 1694), Esherichia coli (PTCC 3315), Listeria monocytogenes (PTCC 1163), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 465), Streptococcus agalactiae (PTCC 1768), Lactobacillus lactis (PTCC 1366) and the fungus Candida albicans films containing CEO showed significant antibacterial activity both gram-positive and gram-negative strains and exhibited significant inhibitory effect on the studied fungi. The inhibitory zone in film solutions and film disks were increased with concentration of cinnamon oil in the polymer matrix (P<0.05). In general, inhibition zones film solutions were higher than those on the disk. Based on results, whey protein edible coating contain 1.5% cinnamon essential oil was used for microbial assay Huso huso during cold storage (4oC) which could inhibit of total bacteria growth and psychrophilic counts of fillet.

In this study, the effect of toxic concentration of Aloe vera crude extract on Cyprinus carpio was investigated. 250 C. carpio, (20±1.2 g) were exposed to increasing concentration of Aloe vera and mortality were recorded for 4 days (96 hours). LC50 96 hours of Aloe were estimated by Probit software. Then 120 fish randomly divided in 4 groups which exposed to 1/5, 1/10 and 1/20 LC50 96h Aloe vera (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g l-1) for 21 days. Control group exposed to non-Aloe treated water. At the end of study, blood samples were taken from fish of each group and haematological parameters (PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC) as well as immunological parameters (serum lysozyme and bactericidal activity, alternative complement activity) were studied. Histological samples were taken from gills, liver, kidney and spleen of five fish in each group. Results showed that PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV and lysozyme activity in fish exposed to 0.8 g l-1 Aloe vera significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to control. Other assessed parameters were significantly not affected by Aloe exposure (P>0.05). No pathological changes, except some mild change in gills were seen in tissue samples. It can be concluded that despite of documented beneficial effect of Aloe vara on fish, these effects are dose dependent.

A carbon source for the growth of micro-algae is essential, therefore, to increase the yield production, carbon supply is one of the most important steps in the development of micro-algae. In this study, the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) concentrations on Scenedesmus (Chlorophyta) growth was evaluated in TMRL (AG) medium. In this purpose, we studied the effects of the different sodium bicarbonate concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ml) during 13 days. Results obtained of different concentrations sodium bicarbonate which added to the medium TMRL (AG), showed the maximum growth in the thirteenth day with 238×105 cells/ml at the third treatment of 7.5 ml concentration, when the different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate were added to TMRL (AG) medium. In T3 medium, Scenedesmus showed rapid grow as the growth rate and coefficient were calculated which are 1.56 and 0.11, respectively. According to the results, the use of sodium bicarbonate in normal and cheap TMRL (AG) medium modified for mass production of micro algae Scenedesmus is recommended.

Black mouth croaker (Atrobucca nibe) is considered as a new and valuable fish resource in the mesoplagic layers of the Oman Sea. In this study, microelements (i.e. iron, copper, zinc and manganese) and macroelements (i.e. calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) by using microwave digestion and atomic absorption device and also amino acids profile (using high performance liquid chromatography) in edible portion of the fish were determined. Among the macroelements, the maximum and minimum concentrations were recorded for potassium (168.67±0.314 ppm) and calcium (11.82±0.028 ppm), respectively. Microelements, which regard to their amount in the muscle, can be ordered in the following fashion: Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn mg/kg dry weight. Total essential and non-essential amino acids were calculated 8.96±0.230 and 9.71±0.218 g/100g wet weight, respectively. The glutamic acid showed the highest amount of amino acids measured in this study rather than other detected amino acids (3.73±0.269 g/100g wet weight) (P<0.05). Analyzes showed that the fish meat could be a valuable source of iron, zinc and essential amino acids. The heavy metal concentrations in the fish muscle were lower than accepted levels of international standards.