DIDACTIC LITERATURE REVIEW (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE REVIEW)
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:34 |Papers Count:8

One of the broadest and most popular genres of Persian literature is didactic poetry. Didactic poems and works of art are sometimes a completely separate and independent work, such as poems and works that are exclusively devoted to teaching, wisdom, and ethics, and sometimes also dispersed among other literary works. As in a number of cases, moral concepts, verdicts, religions, and beliefs have been used in enormous or even epic or modest poetry, which not only does not diminish the poetic aspect of such works but with passion and a special feeling attracts the attraction of such works. One of the works that are made up of didactic teachings is the unknown Naz and Niaz. This poem, which is one of the exquisite works belonging to the eleventh century AH and is one of the precious love poems of the Persian, has not yet been adorned with embellishment, and the only remaining version of that edition is numbered 483 at the UCLA Library of the University Los Angeles where it is preserved. In this narrative love poem, there are abundant didactic and wisdom meanings and concepts that the poet has used it in the context of passive and sensual ground using such techniques as persuasion, indignation, persuasion, etc. This can be a sign of good intention concerning poet's attempt to reasoning the word is based on rational and artistic logic. The author of this study is to introduce the glossary of this work, therefore, how to reflect the content of the teaching in this rich narrative love poem.

Narrative lies in the nature of literary works and acts as a promoter element in explaining the literary and artistic role of any literary work. The more storied a work, the more powerful the narrative. Golestan of Sa' di is a didactic work that has a storied nature, and therefore, narrative and narrative techniques are influential and effective in it. This essay aims to explain the impact of narrative on educational and ethical concepts in Golestan, with an emphasis on famous structuralists such as Tulane, Ghent, and Barth, and uses their main theoretical principles in recognizing Golestan's structure. This research studies the role of the theme in enhancing the quality and diversity of the structure of actions and narrative events in Golestan's first chapter. This article also suggests that Sa' di, in terms of literary comprehension, has been able to establish Golestan's stories based on principles, roots, and practices that, for centuries later, will be the basis of modern writings of fiction and short stories. Sa' di's beliefs system is based on recognizing his own existence and inducing it through the analogy to the audience; therefore, the dominant discourse on the tales is a didactic discourse.

Didactic Literature has been a popular literary form since the beginning until now and has also entered a variety of literary genres and in every literary period, according to the Evolution style of that period, has a slow transformation. With the Constitution Revolution and the Evolution of the theoretical foundations of poetry, Didactic literary has experienced a basic Evolution. The most striking development was that it effects of social-political evolution and Didactic literature of social morality were promoted, according to social-political evolution, Fight against colonialism and autarchy was prominent in the Didactic literature. in This article, four main Currents of contemporary poetry: The Constitutional Poetry, the contemporary Traditionalists Current, the New Poetry Current, and Resistance Current have been studied in style of this evolution. The results show social-political evolution in all currents has influenced didactic literature and have led it to protest and to the Resistance literature. In Constitutional Current, the New Poetry Current, and Resistance Current, the frequency of social Didactic is more, but in the contemporary Traditionalist Current, is less. In all currents, the poet's view of the moral standards Has changed in accordance with social changes.

The history of didactic literature, especially advisory literature is very long in the Persian literature. This form of literature was oral at first and later on, in the era of writing, they all became documented. The advisory literature became more apparent in the Sassanian empire era and it s flow to Persian Dari literature from two known sources which were the culture of oral transportation and written documented sources. The research below has compared the Minoo-ye Kherad which is a literary work from Sassanian period with Afarin Nāme by Abu Shakoor Balkhi and their contextual resemblances and differences have been found and are analyzed. The purpose of this research is to find the source of didactic literature in the early period of Persian literature and the comparison of above work resulted in that the source of early Persian literature works was from the advisory literature works of Sassanian empire era and the resemblance between the two group of works is indeed undeniable.

One of the main features of Persian literature is the manifestation of the ideas and didactic practices that have received a large part. The reflection of tangible experiences and artistic expressions of the categories that place the bright path on the path to human excellence is one of the intellectual missions of poets in this field. It should be said that Ibn Yemin, with his poems, especially his delicate pieces, has a clear horizon in the style of Khorasani with Iraqi style. And the poetry of the ethical and linguistic points of his wisdom illustrates the interest of the poet in his literary teaching. Advocating for wisdom, adventure, goodness and evil, contentment, poverty and freedom, patience, satire and criticism and blaming of the fools shows his virtue of temperament, intellectual and ethical principles.Part of these didactic ideas emanates from the conditions of the cultural, social and political conditions of the poet in the eighth century, which has emerged naturally with the invasion of the Mongol attack. And part of it is the product of the ideal world, which is in line with the wishes of the poet to lead the society and human beings in the next period on the heart of the literary history.

Zohair Ibn Abi Solma Rabi' a Ibn Ribah al-Mozani was the sage poet in Jahili era (pagan state of the Arab) and among the Arab dignitaries. He was prominent in panegyric and wise sayings and supposed poetry as a teacher and guide. He spent his life on sympathy, advice, truth-telling, and benevolence. In his poems, didactic and ethical concepts, especially on reproach and piety, are so vivid. He has created the highest ethical and humane standards influenced by his environment and character and has shown the most prevalent vices and prohibited man from them. Sa' di, the most famous poet of the 7th century (A.H) whose greatness in poetry and prose, ethics and wisdom is known, is impressed by Arab literature because of spending long times in the Arab territories and getting familiarity with their poets and poems which subsequently influenced Persian poetry. This article has explained and analyzed moral virtues and flaws mentioned in Zohair poetry, by studying his Divan also mentions some similarities in teachings and themes with Sa' di' s Mawaiz (advise) and Qazals (sonnets). The results of this research include their common ethical and social ideas and guidance of these two poets.

Polysemy elements are among the most practical indirect expression styles in modern poetry. These elements in traditional literature most used to express mystical contents. In the contemporary era, according to time requirements and at the same time as changes in the poetics of poetry, an explicit and direct expression which included political, social, and critical subjects have been set aside and an ambiguous language used to the expression of these teachings. So these teachings reject from the layout of the poem to the background. The symbol is the most important artistic style of modern poets in the expression of meaning. In the present study, first, we will explain didactic literature and the place of this kind of literary element in contemporary literature and poetry and then point out the role of literary techniques and Polysemy elements, in particular, symbol, in the didactic literature and finally has discussed t he didactic and ethical dimensions of the poetry of Akhavan Sales. In this research, the writers try to answer this question that What is the role of the symbol in the indirect and implicit appearance of ethical and didactic topics and what functions can be considered for that. A ccording to this, we selected and reviewed Akhavan's new poems of the four poetry series. In the end, this result was obtained t hat didactic concepts in the Akhavan's poetry have more political and social aspects. Akhavan profited from symbol to expressing didactic issues. The most important functions of the symbol in this poems include: Adding to the ambiguity of the poem, Creating a coherent and deep tissue, Impact on the audience, and the movement from semantic to polysemy.