DIDACTIC LITERATURE REVIEW (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE REVIEW)
Year:2017 | Volume:8 | Issue:32|Papers Count:7

Analytical philosophy of pedagogy deals with explaining thought structures by logical and linguistic analysis. Most of analytic philosophers believe that the clarification of philosophical propositions through concept analyses can be effective in pedagogical issues in children. Bertrand Russell (1872-1967) had a great role in pedagogical issues of children. Since Sa’di has focused on pedagogical issues, too, we study the story of “clan of thieves” by keeping an eye on Russell and Sa’di. We conclude that they have some consensuses as well as some differences. This essay explains their distinctive views.

Immortality of didactic poems of Hafiz lies in its irrefrangible relation with Quran and Hadith. He does this usage so artfully that arouses emotions of readers and provokes them to contemplate on these Quranic-Hadith doctrines. He intended to immortalize poems through the use of these Hadith and Quranic usages. Since intertexuality, or the theory of interaction of texts, is of most important theories for structural and post structural scholars and it delves into the similarities and differences oftext, in prose and poetry, and literary men should have a good knowledge of contemporary and ancient texts, we try to read poems of Hafiz in the light of intertexuality and its theorists like Bakhtin, Cristova, Barth, Michael Riffaterre, Laurent Jenny. The purpose of this survey is to expound Hafiz’s usages of Quran and Hadiths. His poems have been analyzed in an analytic- descriptive method and in the light of theorists of intertexuality to show the consistent structure of the poems and its musical language, and furthermore, to identify the literary innovations by which he has incorporated Quran and Hadith.

Grimas’s narrative theory is one of the most important theories of narrative which have been presented based on the bilateral contrasts of the text. Although his theory is Applicable in some areas of Persian literary texts, in some parts we observe incompatibilities. In this paper, we examine the fables of the first chapter of Kelile o Demne based on Grimas’s narrative theory. In this study, we conclude that Grimas narrative theory is not applicable to all of the fables of Kelile o Demne. The components of Grimas’s theory have been synthesized in these fables. This is in contrast with Grimas’s narrative pattern, though it can be related to didacticism of Kelile o Demne in which the focus is on the content of their words not the structure. Although applying various literary theories in narrative area could lead us to a better understanding of the literary texts, due to the special features of Iranian fables, either an aboriginal paradigm or a change in the fables is required for investigation of narrative structures of these texts.

Language, literature, culture and civilization of Iran over three thousand years have been present in Georgia. These impressive impacts have been appeared well in Georgian culture, literature and art. In addition to the epic and lyrical narratives, parts of the didactic Persian literature has been translated into Georgian language; Works such as Khoday nameh, Andarznameh, kelile o demne, Qabus nameh, Golestan and Bluher and Buzasof. This research by its descriptiveanalytic method, seeks to reveal part of the cultural life of Iran in Georgia. Unlike the epic narratives, these texts are mostly close to the original; Although Georgian translators have eliminated some Islamic Persian allusions and rhetorical subtleties of them, they have created some changes in it to suit the Georgian audience's taste. Nowadays, this translated texts lead to some other didactic works in Georgian literature; they can also be effective in intercultural relationships as well as achieving a corrected version of Persian texts.

Kelile o Demne is a book written in sixth century which presents principles and laws of administration in terms of ethics and in the form of fables; this method has been pointed out in the book itself. In addition to literary features, it covers numerous ethical and managerial doctrines. Nasrollah Monshi, the author, has made some points for the principles of managerial ethics which can be so effective if it be studied and implemented. In the list, ten principles are of great importance: doing justice, entanglement of administration and religion, knowledge of things, comprehensive foresight, innovation and creativity, speed in conduct and foresight, avoidance of oppression, council with others, taking care of the people, encouragement and punishment. We try to explain these principles based on the Kelile o Demne.

The present study seeks to confirm the assumption that Sa’di is trying to implement the ideology of warning instruction. In the meantime, he sees audience so passive that ethics could be taught by warnings about the negative consequences of behaviors. To justify this, he uses some artistry and to offer a blend of his poem sand Quranic verses and Hadiths to increase the impact of his words. Considering the cultural space of the Iran, as well as historical and social issues of that day, he offers his trainings and advices by means of warning to the audiences; and against the passive mood of the people of his time, he preaches from an authority position with the support of religion and Cultural popularity. To prove this, by an approach of critical discourse analysis of Fairclough, we review the odes of Sa’di in Bustan. Discourse analysis is done in three levels of description, interpretation and explanation and a scrutiny of verbal choices of Sa’di and an explanation of the social conditions of that period is given.

Constitution movement is one of the seldom events that have revolutionized social, political and cultural foundations of Iran. This change has been the result of connection with the west; the west which after medieval period, human- centrism, renaissance and industrial revolution has arrived at modernity. In this impact of western modernity on Iran, Persian literature was amongst the constituents and offered new attitudes on features of literary works: features which matured when Nima appeared. In this attitude shift, Ethics was one of the things. In addition to its traditional contents, ethics experienced new things which were the result of modernity and a change in social structures and personal relations; things like patriotism, philanthropy, freedom, and etc. This essay reviews traditional contents of ethics in poetry of Nima and provides a scrutiny of new constituents in his poetry which were the result of the intellectual and literary transformation, for he was the most influential theorist of this transformation.