Year:2007 | Volume:19 | Issue:4 (73 IN ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES)|Papers Count:31

Diatoms are the division of Bacillariophyceae. Epilithones are the group of diatoms which live on the stones and hard surface. This study concerned the identification and populational change of diatoms flora of Jajrood river .This study is based on the observations collected from 6 stations during a period of time from Jun 2004 to May 2005 at 30 days intervals. pH, dissolved oxygen levels, electrical conductivity and temperature were recorded during this study. Samples were prepared using Patrick & Reimer procedure.In total 51 species from 17 genus of diatoms identified. Cymbella Kutz., Navicula Grnn., Diatoma Ehr., Cocconeis Ehr., Gomphonema Kutz. and Nitzschia Hantz were abundant. Diatoms diversity decreased from upstream toward downstreams can be inferred as an indicator for the increasing of water pollution and its impacts on the diatoms species richness and also their population size at this part of the river.

In the recent decades, agricultural sector in most developing countries has been influenced by various types of government intervention policies with the purpose of protection of agricultural sector besides the other sectors. These policies include vast varieties of intervention which influence the price and market of these products directly and/or indirectly. In the recent decades; agricultural sector has been affected by these policies in Iran. Such interventions mainly take place due to price control of these goods and/or paying subsidy on inputs, especially via allocation of undervalued exchange rate. The purpose of this paper is measuring the effect of government direct price intervention on poultry and animal husbandry sub- sectors during 1982- 2000.This period includes both years of war-period of price stabilization also, period of price liberalization policies about these goods. The selected commodities are egg, chicken and beef. Instruments of nominal and effective rates of protection were used to measure these effects. These rates were calculated using data which were drown from ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture and other organization concerned with subject. The results show that: First; rates of protection fluctuate during the time. Therefore it is better to look at the trend of these rates over a number of years rather than the absolute of them for a particular year. Second; the amount of nominal rates of protection depends on whether nominal or real exchange rate are calculated and these rates in real exchange rate scenario are more than the same in nominal exchange rate scenario. Third; averages of effective rates of protection about all of goods are positive. In addition, most and least amount of averages of nominal and effective rates of protection is related to beef and egg, respectively.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different periods of lamb suckling on carcass characteristics of Lori– Bakhtiari male and female lambs. Sixty six male and female lambs used. All lambs were born at same season and were randomly selected. They were weaned at 60, 90 and 120 days of age and put in a 6-month feedlot period. A completely random design with factorial method (sex and weaning age) was used. At the end of feedlot period, 15 male and 15 female lambs (10 lambs of every weaning age and in total 30 lambs) were randomly selected, slaughtered and their carcass characteristics were determined. The least squares means of final body weight in different weaning age (60,90 and 120 days weaned) were 44.64, 43.01 and 41.30 kg, respectively, and was significantly higher for 60 days weaning age group (p<0.05). Mean of cold carcass dressing percentage of 2nd group (90 days weaned) was significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05). The mean of total carcass meat and subcutaneous fat different weaning ages were not significant. Subcutaneous fat of female lambs were higher than male lambs (p<0.05), but fat-tail of male lambs were higher than females (p<0.05). In conclusion, the result of this experiment showed that appropriate weaning period (60 days). Because in this group, final body weight, carcass cool weight and dressing percentage were more than 2ndand 3rd (90 and 120 days weaned) groups and other carcass characteristics and physical composition in differences weaning ages were not significant.

Although roughages are the main components of diet for ruminants, they cannot digest the lignocellulolytic feedstuffs. Thus they depend on the microbial population which exists on their alimentary tract. Rumen microbial ecosystem mainly consists of bacteria, protozoa and fungi. Their main function in the rumen is fermentative process of feeds. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of defaunating the rumen of sheep on the amount of gas produced by incubation of wheat straw, alfalfa hay, cottonseed meal and barley grain. In this experiment four rumen fistulated sheep (breed of shal) used in a latin square design. Four diets containing 0, 20, 40 and 60% concentrate used in two stage of faunate and defaunated. Defaunating the rumen was done using emptying and washing method (Jouany and Senaud, 1979). The results of gas test on four feeds (wheat straw, alfalfa, cottonseed meal and barley grain) in rumen liquor of sheep containing protozoa was 44.3, 46.6, 35.3 and 70.0 and in rumen liquor of defaunated sheep was 33.3, 40.7, 37.1 and 65.3 mililiters respectively. By defaunating the rumen the volume of gas produced was significantly (except for cottonseed meal) and significant difference (p<0.05) observed for wheat straw.

Stocking and culturing of Penaeus indicus post larvae is carried out in Hormozgan province in different ages, and also there is difference final production between farms. This project carried out for determination of the best stocking post larvae ages with thd 3 treatments, Pl10, Pl15, Pl20, in 1/h earth ponds in the Tiab area (Hormozgan province) from Jan 3 until 2002 oct 25. Physicochemical factors water witch measured are included: Dissolve oxygen (Do), salinity, Temperature, pH, Turbidity and also shrimp biometry carried out per two weeks. The results showed, There are not significant difference between Do, Salinity and pH in that Treatments, it is because the condition rearing were same for all Treatment, (p>0.05). There were higher survivals percent in P120 than another treatment in final production. a=5%, but the economical competition was showed the P1 15 Treatment had more profitable than another for stocking in culturing earth ponds.

To evaluate acepromazine-ketamine combination on heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood gases, arterial blood pH and rectal temperature, six healthy Iranian goats weighing 18-28 kg were used. Acepromazine (0.05mg/kg IM) was administered 15 minute prior to ketamine injection (11mg/kg IV). All baseline measurements were taken before acepromazine administration and were repeated at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes intervals after induction of anesthesia with ketamine. Arterial catheter flushed with 2/1000 heparin solution were placed using local anesthesia in to the right carotid artery via a 5cm skin incision for measuring arterial blood pressure and collecting blood samples. Student’s T test (paired test) was used for the analysis of the data and P values of less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. On the basis of these results heart rate and respiratory rate did not change significantly. Mean arterial blood pressure declined significantly at 30, 45 and 60 minutes. PO2 decreased significantly at 5 and 45 minutes but PCO2 and pH values did not change significantly. Rectal temperature decreased significantly at all times after anesthesia. Although anesthetic drugs affect on patient’s physiology and homeostatic but in this experimental study in spite of some changes on arterial blood pressure, PO2 and rectal temperature, the animals could tolerate them well and major problem did not occur with this anesthetic combination.

Nowadays, in larvae aquaculture used from live prey very application. Artemia decapsulated cyst was among aquafeed due to highly nutritive value, more digestibility and simple production such as the resource of important feed in rainbow trout larvae feeding. This research was carried out using of artemia decapsulated cyst replacement protein resources in trout rainbow larvae diet. In view of different levels of artemia decapsulated cyst on growth rate, feed intake and others characteristics of larva was done by a expriment base on completely randomized design. Experimental parameters were measured consist of growth rate (GR),daily weight gain, larvae length, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed intake(FI)and survival rate. Data were statistically analyzed by MSTATC package and means comparisons by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The treatments were consist of 5, 10,15,20,25 Percentage artimia decapsulated cyst and control treatment that contain of commercial diet. Three replication were marked in each treatment. This experiment was conducted on 1000 larva in fry tank with 18 hatching trough. Initial average weight for larva was 125±25 mg that for 40 days until one grams weight. The diets were formulated with UFFDA (1992) package with pay attention to Artemia constant values. The results showed that treatments 5% and 10% have had the best situation of daily weight gain with 28.54 ±7.29 and 28.85±7.28 mg among the others groups. This treatment was no significant difference with each other (p>0.05) and with others groups were significant difference (p< 0.05). The most measurement SGR and SR were 86.04±2.78 and 2.42 percentage for treatment 5% aremia decapslated cyst among other the groups. So that control treatment was the least daily weight gain with 28.12±6.32 mg. Feed intake in different biometry periods was statistically significant difference. With advanced time of experiment. From the second biometry data to experiment final the treatments 5 and 10% were the least feed intake and the most it’s related to treatment 15,20 and 25% respectively. Feed conversion ratio in treatment 5% was the best among the groups with 0.88 ±0.09 (p< 0.05). Consequently, Pay attention to weight and feed conversion among different groups, treatment 5% aremia decapslated cyst diet was the best treatment in larva rainbow trout. The most measurment SGR and SR were 86.04±2.78 and 2.42 percentage for treatment 5% aremia decapslated cyst among other the groups.

The effects of electrical shock on blood parameters in 24 native and hybrid dairy cows were investigated in 2004 in Urmia, Iran. Cows were randomly classified in 4 groups. A 5 ml blood sample was taken from jugular vein of cows in each group slightly in the morning and then was subjected to two times (1 second) by transportable electrical shock (3 voltage). Blood samples were then taken 1.5 hours interval up to 7.5 hours. Blood cortisol, glucose, calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total protein, fibrinogen, leucocytes (WBC) and differential count were evaluated. Blood glucose, cortisol, WBC and neutrophils increased up to 25%, 308%, 68% and 286%, respectively. Serum Ca decreased up to 11%. The mean differences for those parameters between before and after shock were all significant (p<0.01) lymphocytes (0.1<p>0.05). Other parameters were not significant. The earliest changes observed for cortisol were 1.5 hours, Ca and neutrophils were 3 hours and WBC and glucose were 4.5 hours after electrical shock. Pearson correlation results showed no significant correlations between cortisol and significant blood parameters. It is concluded that the administration of the short time transportable electrical shock as a stressor increases blood cortisol, that responsible to changes in glucose, leucocytes, neutrophils and Ca. Changes in these parameters are reasonably fast and ranged from 1.5 to 4.5 hours after shock. Therefore, according to the significant changes in blood parameters mentioned above it could be resulted that administration of the short time transportable electrical shock as a stressor must be applied only in emergency conditions.

A comprehensive hydrobiological and hydrological investigation was down on Karganrood river has situated in west of Guilan from 2001 to 2002. The results of this study reveal that, there are totally 4 phyla of phytoplankton that include 16 genera, and maximum density of phytoplankton belong to the Phylum bacillariophyta with genera navicula, nitzchia, diatoma, cyclotella, gomphonema and cocconeis, which yearly average numbers calculated 370800/ lit, It has %95.6 Phytoplankton population, which observed during the year.After Bacillariophyta there was Cyanophyta with genus Oscillatoria, which yearly average numbers calculated 15307/ lit, it has %4 Phytoplankton population during year. Chlorophyta with genera cosmarium and cruciginia has yearly average numbers 1057/lit with %0.3 Phytoplankton population and euglenophyta with genus trachelomonas has yearly average numbers 529 / lit with %0.1 phytoplankton population in this river. Zooplankton study revealed that population in Karganrood river is very poor and mostly belong to fixed zooplankton similar Rhizopoda and some of Rotatoria. In Zooplankton introduce 5 Phyla and 11 genera which the highest dencity belong to Phylum Rhizopoda, with genera arcella, difflugia, cyphoderia and euglypha, which yearly average numbers calculated 2.1/ lit, it has %45 zooplankton population during year. Nematoda with yearly average numbers 0.9/ lit had %19, ciliophora with genus vorticella which yearly average numbers 0.8/lit and rotatoria with genera keratella, cephalodella, synchaeta and philodia with yearly average numbers 0.8/lit, each of them had %17 zooplankton population during the year. Arthropoda with genus harpacticus which yearly average numbers 0.3/lit had thinly populated in Karganrood river. It has %2 zooplankton population in year.

Identification and distribution of natural enemies of honey bee (A. mellifera) in the eight cities and three climates of Fars province include Mediterranean climate (Abadeh, Sepidan, Shiraz), warm semi - desert climate (Kazeroon, Firoozabad, Noorabad, Darab) and cold mountainous climate (Eghlid) were studied. Samples were about less than one percent of total colonies of province that included 585 colonies for adult bees and 537 colonies for larvae and brood cells. In order to isolation and identification of parasites, 50 alive honey bees were randomly selected from each colony and transported to the laboratory in 75% ethanol. Due to surviving larvae and brood cells, 5×5 cm piece of comb were cut with knife and freeze until survey. Questionnary information was collected about the apiaries and past records of pests and predators. Varroa destructor, Vespa spp. Vespula spp. and Merops spp. were observed in all climates. Meloe spp. was observed in Mediterranean and cold mountainous climates. Braula spp. and Acarapis woodi were not found in any climates. Galleria mellonella were observed in warm semi - desert and Mediterranean climates. Lizard was mentioned as a predator of honey bee in Mediterranean and cold mountainous climates. Percentages of infected colonies, larvae and broad cells and adult bees in Winter, and also percentages of infected colonies, larvae and broad cells in Spring to Varroa destructor between climates were not significant, but percentage of infected adult bees in Spring significantly were higher in cold mountainous climate than other climates.

Low quality date (Phoenix dactilifera) produce and in large amount as a feedstuff of great importance the animal feeding in south regions country, Therefore, determination of nutritive value are important in this study, 24 samples (8 sample of each localities)collected from different regions and analyzed to determine their chemical composition. Mean result chemical analysis low quality date showed that dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) , nitrogen free extract (NEE), calcium, phosphorus and gross energy in three localities date 86.05, 3.48,.84,9.43,26.58,83.05,.16,.077 percent and 4131 Cal/g DM digestible energy (DE), respectively. Twelve mature weathers, (36 months old and 36.13 ± 0.70 kg BW) use in completely randomized design for determining the apparent digestibility and nutritive value low quality date the digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, CF, ADF, NFE and GE were 62.41,66.04,22.72,28.96,23.03,82.74 percent and 2.4 Mcal/kg DM DE measurement, respectively .Were no significant difference between the digestibility coefficients DM, OM, CF, NDF and DE of different regions. Palatability Low quality date is high and no significantly showed in the voluntary intake between regions three (p>%1).

Data of Kermani sheep which collected during 1980-2002 were used in this study to estimate genetic parameters of growth chracteriestics. Traits were birth weight (BW, n=2086), 3 months weight (3MW,n=1922), 6 months weight (6MW, n=1142), 9 months weight (9MW,n=1583) and 12 months weight (12MW,n=774).Data of wool chracteriestics were measured and gathered in this study and were used to estimate genetic parameters of wool chracteriestics.Trait were staple length (SL,n=629), fleece yield (FY,n=629), fibre diameter(FD,n=629) and fleece weight (FW,n=629). Univariete and multivariate animal models with DFREML methods were used to estimate variance component.Estimated heritability in univariete analysis for BW, 3MW, 6MW, 9MW, 12MW, SL, FY, FD and FW were 0/101± 0.069, 0.296± 0.079, 0.308±0.087, 0.062± 0.078, 0.260± 0.071, 0.202± 0.111, 0.201±0.434, 0.205±0.333 and 0.414±0.10 respectively. Estimated heritability in multivariate analysis for BW, 3MW, 6MW, 9MW, 12MW, SL, FY, FD, and FW were 0.233±0/068, 0.576±0.079, 0.498±0.078, 0.299±0.076, 0.367±0.090, 0.639±0.233, 0.867±0.310, 0.930±0.790 and 0.595±0.110 respectively.Estimates of correlation coefficient between growth characteristics were high and positive and ranged from 0.87 to 0.98. Correlation coefficient between wool characteristics were positive but low and ranged from 0.001 to 0.15.

A study was accomplished for evaluation of Masson’s Trichrome Stain in detection of unpermitted tissues in heated meat products. So, different samples similar to common sausage formulations available in Iranian market, were prepared in laboratory in order to detect unpermitted tissues in heated sausages. Unpermitted tissues such as chicken with known amounts (10% of whole sample or 20% of whole lean meat) alone or mixed tissues were added to these products. Then, sampling was done and sections were stained by Masson’s Trichrome method. The stained samples were examined under a light microscope. In spite of mincing and heat processing of tissues, their photomicrographs gizzard, mammary glands, lungs, head soft tissues, and visceral organs (e.g. rumen, reticulum, and omasum) of cattle studies showed that microscopic structure of unpermitted tissues were detectable and their colors were not changed. Results showed that muscle and collagen fibers are stained red and green, respectively. Masson’s Trichrome method is also a well technique for contrasting of collagen and myofibrils and detection of tissues which were used in heated meat products. Therefore, this method is recommendable and suitable for detection of unpermitted tissues in samples of heated sausages which adulteration is possible.

Anzali lagoon is one of the most important aquatic ecosystems of Iran located in south-west of the Caspian sea. This lagoon is a habitat for valuable fishes and aquatic animals which have an important role in life cycle of this ecosystem. As bivalves can be considerd as bioandicators, Anodonta cygnea which is of the present bivalves in this habitat, are selected for investigation about heavy metals.In this study, from Selkeh area, where received waters from south part of the lagoon, 30 and 20 samples were collected randomly in Autumn (2004) and Spring(2005), respectively. Bivalves accompanied by water and sediments were collected as samples. Bivalves were transferred to laboratory alive and biometery was carried out. For analysis, first, soft body, water and sediments according to acidic digestion, were prepared. Then through atomic absorption spectrometer, four heavy metal concentration as zinc, copper, lead and cadmium present in soft body (male and female separately), water and Sediments in Autumn and Spring samples were determined. For mercury measurement, after preparation of bivalve, water and sediment samples by acidic digestion method, through atomic absorption with cold vapor production system, determination was done. Results showed that in male anodont, concentration of zinc in autumn and spring was 16.4 and 23.50 mg/g wet weight, respectively followed by copper in Autumn and Spring with 0.58 and 0.77 mg/g wet weight, respectively, more than the other heavy metals. In female anodont, concentration of zinc in Autumn and Spring was 7.9 and 15.37, respectively and after that concentration of copper with 0.89 and 0.69 mg/g wet weight, respectively were more than the rest of the heavy metals. Concentration of the rest of the heavy metals, lead, cadmium and mercury, were insignificant and in most of the cases the concentration was lower than instrument limits. Presence of heavy metals in water showed that zinc in Autumn and Spring samples has 0.11 and 0.005 mg/l concentration, respectively, and the concentration of the other heavy metals were insignificant and in most of the cases was out of instrument limits. Heavy metal concentration in sediments showed that zinc concentration in Autumn and Spring were 82.5 and 87.5 mg/g dry weight, respectively, have the highest value and mercury with 0.05 and 0.04 in mentioned seasons, respectively have the lowest concentration.

Determination of hydroxyproline (OH-Pro) is used as an index for assaying collagen content in connective tissues and in collagen metabolism studies. In this method, tendon samples were hydrolyzed in 6 m HCl, at 105°C for 14-16 hrs and OH-Pro was oxidized by Chloramine T. Then by adding Ehrlich`s reagent and incubating at 60°C, a chromophore was formed. To remove interfering chromophores, OH-Pro product in alkaline media was extracted into toluene and then into acid phase. The absorbance of acid phase was read at 543nm and OH-Pro content was calculated from a calibration curve based on standard solutions run as the same as samples. Calibration curve was linear at 10-160 mg/ml (R2=0.997). The precision of the method defined by CV% of intra- and inter-day variations was less than 7%. Six equine tendon samples were analyzed and their OH-Pro contents were 95-121 mg/g dry weight (109.5 ± 9.0). This easy, specific and reproducible method can be used practically for determination OH-Pro content in tendon as well as other collageneous tissues like skin.

In order to determine of some biochemical parameters of hemolymph in the Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) which had been cultured for 4 months in a farm located in Helleh of Bushehr province, Iran were harvested and used for the study. The mean body weight and total length were 12g and 10cm, respectively. Hemolymph samples were taken from 300 shrimp pieces by inserting a insulin syringe in to the ventral sinus of the shrimp. Hemolymph biochemical constituent including; glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, HUN, calcium and inorganic phosphorus were measured by automated biochmical; analyzer (Ellan, Eppendorf, Germany) using routine biochemical methods. In this study the mean values of glucose, urea, HUN, uric acid, creatinine , cholesterol triglyceride, calcium and inorganic phsphorus were 35.0 ± 11.3, 36.6 ± 7.6, 17.1 ± 3.6, 4.9 ± 2.0, 0.46 ± 0.26, 19.5 ± 7.1, 16.1 ± 3.3, 40.9 ± 7.1 and 4.4 ± 1.90 mg/dl, respectively. Significant correlation were observed between hemolymph glucose with calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol and urea, also between calcium with cholesterol and uric acid and between cholesterol with uric acid (p<0.05).

During October 2000 up to December 2002, Samples from commercial chickens submitted to Razi Institute and suspected to infectious coryza were cultured for isolation of H. paragllinarum based on the standard methods. The tested samples were from 14 broiler, 8 broiler breeder and 7 commercial layer flocks. H. paragllinarum was isolated from 4 commercial layer flocks. The bacteria were identified on the basis of biochemical characteristics and experimental infection in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. Successful storage of bacteria was carried out using propagation in yolk sac of SPF – embryonated eggs and the yolks stored at - 70°C for at least 1 year. The isolates were tested for sensitivity using standard disk diffusion technique. All the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, linco spectin, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, furazolidone, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazol – trimethoprim. Three isolates out of 4 (75%) were susceptible to streptomycin and enrofloxacin, 2 of 4 (50%) were sensitive to ampicillin, tiamulin and flumequine and 1 out 4 (25%) was susceptible to gentamicin and amoxicillin. All of the isolates were completely resistant to penicillin, novobiocin, tylosin and lincomycin. It seems that more extensive investigations on the local strains are required for proper treatment and prevention of infectious coryza.

This study was conducted to investigation of betaine and methionine in the diet for stimulating food intake of Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) in Bandargah fisheries research station in Autumn 2003. Seven types of diet consist of control diet ( without betaine and methionine), diets with 0.5 and 1.5 percentage of betaine, 0.5 and 1.5 percentage of methionine, 0.5 and 1.5 percentage of betaine and methionine mixture and Havorash commercial diet, with three replicates were used in this trial. The stimulating food intake experiment was conducted in glass aquarium with dimensions of 1008 40* 50 centimeter. The shrimps were released in one side of the aquarium and also food pellets was dropped on the other side of aquarium. The number of remaind pellets was accounted after 30 minutes and 2 hours. After 2 hours, the remained pellets were siphoned and dryed and then were weighted. The data analysed by SPSS and One way ANOVA method and averages compared by Tukey test. Resulted showed that percentage of amount and number food pellets consumption in different treatment were not significant (p<0.05). But the diet contains 1.5 percentage mixture of betaine and methionine had maximum percentage of amount and number food pellets consumption, that represented high attraction of this diet.

A survey of the prevalence and type of sheep kidney lesions was carried out in Brujen abattoir through winter 2002 to spring 2003. Out of 2000 kidneys surveyed, 60(0.3%) was rejected for gross abnormalities. The most common reason for rejection was interstitial nephritis (60% of rejected kidneys). Other lesions included renal pigmentation (18.33%), urinary cyst (8.33%), hydatid cyst (6.66%), amyloidosis (3.33%) and hemorrhage (3.33%). The rejection rate was 1.89%, 5.74%, 4.68% and 2.38% for less than one-year-old sheep, more than one-year-old sheep, females and males, respectively. Using chi-squared test the difference in prevalence of renal lesions was significant in different age and gender groups of sheep (p<0/05).

The important role of phytoplankton in aquaculture and other industries is well documented. The recent research and experiences shows that use of native species compared to imported one could be highly advantages. Taking into consideration the above facts and following standard techniques number of native species were isolated. The results obtained indicate that intensity of light can have important role in isolation of different groups of phytoplankton. While TMRL proved to be a suitable culture medium for isolation all the groups of phytoplanktons, Guillard and Conway culture medium were particularly more suitable for isolation of diatoms and chlorophycea, respectively.

One of the most important marine ecologic phenomenon, is the study of animal community among the bed or benthic fauna. Macrobenthoses are the graet part of the benthic fauna, that are more biomasses than meiofauna and microfauna. To study polychaetes diversity of Mangroves, located in Khoore-Khooran, sampling was conducted on a bimonthly and carried out from December 2001 to October 2002. Bottom samples were collected by Van Veen grab (0.025 m2) at 6 station from 2 transect. In situ measurement of temperature, pH, O2 and salinity were carried out. A total of polychaetes were identified within study 32 families and 43 genera. Application of diversity and Richness, Evennes were studied and showed that the station A3 has the lowest evenness and the most individual, and station A1 has the middle pollution.

This study was conducted to consider the effect of vitamin supplementation on laying hens performance. Commercial egg type Hy-Line hens were used in a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 3 blocks for 13 weeks period. The levels of different vitamin supplements (treatments) were: NRC (1994), 1.5 times NRC, 2 times NRC, Supporting of Livestock Affairs Limited (S.L.A.L.), Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Iran, Hy-Line management guide and two vitamin premix provided on the basis of S.L.A.L. recommendation by two factories. Feed consumption, egg mass, egg production, egg specific gravity, Haugh unit, shell weight, percent shell were not significantly influenced by dietary treatments. However egg weight, feed conversion ratio and feed cost per kg of egg were affected (P< 0.05). The best and worst feed conversion ratio was related to treatment of 2 times NRC and NRC, respectively (1.98 vs. 2.20). The lowest egg weight was related to treatment of NRC and 1.5 times NRC. The lowest and highest feed cost per kg of egg were related to treatment of 2 times NRC and NRC, respectively. The results of this experiment suggested that supplemental vitamin levels in twice NRC, not only improved the performance of hens, also reduced feed cost per kg of egg.

Vegetative protein sources have an important role on reducing cost of diet. Use of these sources has also different metabolic effects. A 56 days feeding trial was conducted with rainbow trout to examine the effects of substitution of canola meal (containing 12.5mmol Glucosinolate/g DM) with fishmeal in diets. Canola meal was substituted by fishmeal at 5 levels 10,20,30,40 and 50 percentage. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups in a completely randomized design with a control diet. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Two hundred and sixteen fishes with average weight 100±15g were used in this trial. Twelve fishes were randomly assigned to each of 18 tanks and were acclimated in these plastic tanks to the experimental conditions two weeks before treatment began. After 56 days from each diet, 6 fishes were chosen, stunned and bled. Concentrations of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured. Substitution of canola meal to 50 percent caused no significant difference in TSH, T4,T3 concentrations and T3/T4 ratio of fish feeding canola meal in comparison with conrol fish (p>0.05) .Comparisons of diets containing canola meal showed that influencing levels of Glucosinolate quantity on T4 and T3 concentrations were 0.625 and 2.5mmol/g DM diet, respectively. These results showed that fishmeal of control diet were replaceable by canola meal at level of 40 percentages.

During 1381 year, morphometric specialities, meristic and proportion of morphometric particulars of the bream (Abramis brama orientlis) the Caspian sea (90 pieces) and Anzali wetland (120 pieces) was studied and compared. According to results, average of changes coefficient the above factor in the bream of Caspian sea were respectively 22.36, 3.24 and 7.56 percent and in the bream of Anzali wetland were 22.76, 4.63 and 21.56 percent. Meanwhile, it is observed the different meaningful of statistical (ANOVA), from 40 morphometeric factor, 16 morphometric spacialities respectively in 33, 3 and 26 factor. According to test of Factor Analysis bream of this two area choosing in 6 first morphometeric (Total leanght, forke length, standard length, head length, head height, snout length) 80.02% changes (rate of KMO equal 0.94), in 4 first meristic (number of scale the lateral line, number of scale under the lateral line, number of scale above the lateral line, number radius of dorsal fin) factor 60.42 % changes (rate of KMO equal 0.47) and in 7 first factor proprtion of the morphometeric (proportion of head length to standard length, head height to head length, snout length to head length, mount width to head length, mount length to head length, throat length to head length and eye diameter to head length) 73% rate of KMO equal 0.82 of this factor, caeuse separating of two population from together. So, according to the Descriminatiion test according to two first and secind factors of morphometeric (Total leanght, forke length), meristic(number of scale the lateral line, number of scale under the lateral line) and proportion of the morphometeric specialities (proportion of head length to standard length, head height to head length) of the Abramis brama orientalis of this two area will totally separate (rate of focus espectively equals 0.88,0.3 and 0.86). finally, with attention to results, we can say that there are significant different between the bream of Caspian sea and Anzali, wetland in morphometeric factors, while, this different is very little in meristic factors, the reason of this differents, is causing of variation condition of habitat and the effected on the meristic factors. Because, this factor is not affected on the meristic factors is dependant of genetical changes.

Estimation of cytoplasmic effects of Baluchi sheep breed for production traits were studied. The data used in the present study were collected from flocks at the Abbasabad sheep breeding research station in north east of Iran included 13625 animals descended from 275 sire and 3863 dam.Traits were birth weight, waning weight, 6-month weight, 12-month weight and greasy fleece weight at 18 month. Cytoplasmic origin was found by tracing the individual progeny to the earliest ancestor in the pedigree. Genetic Parameters were estimated by Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (DFREML) using univariate animal models. For all traits cytoplasmic effects were not important. The evidence is broadly consist with 4% for BW and 2% for GFW of variation in performance due to cytoplasmic effects. However effects in genetic evaluations are likely to be small. Maternal genetic effect contribution on greasy fleece weight was very low.

Equine sarcoid as the most common skin tumor, takes place in different breeds, colors and both genders of solipeds (horses, donkeys and mules).The most common areas of such an occurrence are areas with thin skin and less hair. Various forms of sarcoid consist occult, warty, fibroblastic and mixed types. Therapeutic approaches are different, but recurrent state is the most important problem. Although sarcoid has been frequently reported in horses so far,the present article is the first report of equine sarcoid occurrence in Caspian pony. A five-year-old Caspian pony with a warty mass in axillary site and around its prepuce in Rakhsh Equestrain Section of Khorassan Jihad-e-Agriculture Educational Complex was examined. Given the examinaton of the mass under study, the sarcoid warty type was identified. To confirm the primary diagnosis,the biopsy of the mass was conducted and the histopathological examinations indicated the equine sarcoid tumor.