JOURNAL OF CROP PRODUCTION RESEARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES IN PLANT SCIENCES)
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

In order to study effects of different nitrogen source and rates nitrogen on some traits of agronomical sorghum, an experiment was conducted in the research station of Islamic Azad University- Arak Branch, Iran in 2008-2009. The experimental was factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The treatments composed of different nitrogen source include Urea, Ammonium Sulfate and Ammonia and nitrogen rates in three levels of: 125, 250 and 375 and kg ha-1 from sources of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate also 18, 27 and 36lit/ha-1 from source of Ammonia. Traits of assessed in this study include Plant height, number of tiller, number of tiller, tiller height number of leaf per plant and fresh and dry forage yield. Results showed that the effect of nitrogen source and nitrogen rates for all traits was significant. The interaction of treatments for all of traits was significant. According to result Ammonia source due to less leaching has better results and maximum dry and fresh forage yield in Arak zone.

In order to study of relationship between grain yield and some agronomic traits in canola under drought stress conditions ten canola cultivars were used. These cultivars investigated in Split Plot design based Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with 3 replications in 2010-2011. Main factor was containing normal and stress conditions, sub factor contain investigation cultivars. Different between main plots for all traits were significant except harvest index and days to 50% flowering. Analysis of variance showed that the differences between cultivars for all traits were significant except auxiliary stem no were significant. Environment and cultivar interaction were not significant. In drought stress conditions the highest Kernel yield was related to Licord, Sarigol, and RGS003, amount 2878.88, 2426.54, 2012.00 Kgr/ha respectively. Correlation and regression analysis showed that height of plant, number of pod in auxiliary stem, number of days till 50% of flowering, kernel yield in bush, and number of pods in main stem had the highest correlation with kernel yield. In factor analysis, the first four main components explain 76.78% of total variation. The first component showed that the most positive impact is related to the weight of 100 kernels trait and number of kernel in pad had the most negative impact. This component was named as weight of kernel. In the second component the number of pod in stem main and auxiliary stem had the most positive impact and the number of days till 50% of flowering had the most negative effect, so this factor named pods number. In the third component, Kernel yield and the number of kernel in pod had the most positive effect, and the harvest index had the most negative impact, so this factor named yield factor.

To investigate the effect of different levels of salinity and growth promoting bacteria on yield and yield components of barley an experiment conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University Karaj branch at Mahdasht in 1389-1388 crop year as factorial in the basis of completely randomized blocks design in four replications. The first factor was salt concentrations using sodium chloride in four levels (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) and the second factor with four levels of bacteria strains including Azotobacter, Azosprillium, mixed of two bacteria, control (no inoculation). Seeds of Nosrat cultivar after inoculation with respected strains were planted in pots. During the plant growth period, soil moisture of pots were held at field capacity by adding water. Index of growth including plant height, peduncle length, spike length, spike weight, ear number, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass and harvesting indexe were determined. The results showed that, the effect of salinity treatments on peduncle length was significant at the 1% probability level, and the interaction of salinity and treatment of bacterial on ear weight, ear number, grain number per spike, grain yield, biomass and harvest index were significant at 1% level of probability and in plant height, spike length and grain weight were significant at 5% level. The traits related to yield and maximum yield conducted in s1b3 treatment (control, mixed two bacteria) with amount of (64.2 grams per unit area) and 20% yield increasing observed than control (s1b4) and lowest yield (53.1 gram per unit area) gained in control and Azotobacter consumption in the other hand 31% yield reduction compared to the control (s1b4). Salinity reduced grain yield and using of Azotobacter and Azosprillium can helps to increase barley grain yield in these conditions.

This study was conducted to study the effect effect of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on increasing the ability of nitrogen fixation and yield of chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.). This experiment carried out as factorial design in the completely randomized blocks design in pot culture in greenhouse with 4 replications in Educational-Research Agriculture of the Islamic Azad University (IAU), Saveh Branch in 2010-11 farming year. The first factor was two levels of varieties: V1= Hashem and V2= 1261 and the second factor was three levels of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA): P1=0%; P2=0.025 and  P3=0.05. The NAA treatment was made through seed insemination. Results of the experiment showed that the use of pyridoxine at the level of 0.05 indicates a significant increase in the grain yield compairing to the two other levels of this parameter. The further increase in yield was happened due to the change in the element of the grain weight and the number of pods increasing was due to the production of derivative branches. Consequently, the number of grains in the plant, which mainly follows the genetic parameters, did show a significant difference in this experiment. Probably, through the increase of the roots growth and as a result, the increase of number and the scope of nitrogen fixations nodules activity, the NAA not only increased the scope of these nodules activity, but also increased the ability of nutrients absorbtion in the roots. The results indicated that the positive reaction of the Hashem Cultivar to NAA in 1261 variety was more than Hashem.

In order to study the effect of Mycorrhiza and Pseudmonas on yield and yield Components of Sun flower at Various Level of phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad university, Takestan branch in 2010.A Factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was used inoculation of mycorrhiza (with and without inoculation) and Pseudmonas (with and without inoculation) with three levels of phosphorus (0, 50, 100 kg/ha). The obtained results showed that increasing of phosphorus and inoculation of micorrhiza increased plant dry weight and yield (656.75 g, 4300 Kg/ha and 555.52 g, 4283 Kg/ha), stalk height and the weight of 100 grain had significant increasing too. The use of Pseudmonas increased dry weight of plant, but it did not have any significant effect on other traits. Interaction effect of phosphorus and Mycorrhiza had statistical significant difference but it did not have any significant difference on height of stalk, the 100 grain weight and dry weight of plant. Triple Interaction effect of phosphorus, Mycorrhiza and Pseudmonas was only significant on dry weight of plant (908.77 g), consequently micorrhiza and 100 kg/ha phosphorus application in considering had increasing effect on more traits and can introduce as successful treatment.

To evaluate the effect of planting date on yield and yield components of soybean cultivars second cultivation in the summer of 2009, an experiment was done in second pilot farm research Agro meteorology of Khorramabad as factorial in the basis of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Soybean cultivars (M7, M9, and LODA) and planting date factor including 21 June, 30 June and 10 July. The results showed that effect of planting date on seed traits, pod weight, 100 thousand seed weight, grain yield, protein content, oil yield and protein yield had significant difference at 1% level of probability however the number of pods per plant, oil content and harvest index did not show any significant difference. In 21 June planting date observed highest amounts of number of pods in plant, seeds number in plant and yield. The highest amounts of 1000 grain weigh conducted in third planting date (10th July), but in the other traits did not observed significant difference. The results indicated that 21 June planting date and LODA cultivar propose for Khorramabad region and in delay cropping condition it can substitute by M7 variety.

Most plants experience periods of soil and atmosphere water shortage during their growth. The plant's reaction to drought stress is complex, and leads to the creation of adaptable or damaging changes in the plant. These changes can reduce forced effects on the plants in the field's environment together or opposing each other. In order to assess some of these changes, an experiment in the form of split plot as complete randomized blocks design with three replications was performed in the university research field of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The first factor was irrigation in 2 levels (Normal irrigation and drought tress). The second factor consisted of the white bean genotypes of the university, Shekoufa and G11867, which were categorized based on morphological factors to the three groups of sensitive, semi- tolerant and tolerant. Samples were taken in the 50% flowering stage and the amount of soluble sugars, relative water content, chlorophyll, sodium and potassium amounts were measured. The results of the experiment showed that the concentration of soluble sugars, chlorophyll and potassium increased in drought stress conditions while relative water content and sodium ion content decreased. The G11867 tolerant genotype had the highest amount of chlorophyll, soluble sugars and sodium ion content. The university's sensitive genotype had the highest amount of potassium and relative water content.

This experiment was conducted in the research station of Islamic Azad University- Arak Branch, in 2009-2010. The experimental design was split plot factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The irrigation in three levels: complete irrigation, stop irrigation at milk stage and stop irrigation at dough stage as main factor and salicylic acid (0 and 1 Mm as seed priming) and wheat cultivars Alvand and Shahriar as factorial considered as subfactor. The Results indicated that stop irrigation at milk and dough stage reduced grain yield %24 and %15 respectively. Application of salicylic acid in complete irrigation, stop irrigation at milk and dough stage increased grain yield 7.2%, 7% and 8.7%. Tripple interaction effects of treatments showed that, highest grain yield (3698 kg ha-1) obtained for complete irrigation, salicylic acid application and Alvand cultivar, however in stop irrigation condition highest grain yield (3378 kg ha-1) obtained in stop irrigation at dough stage, salicylic acid application and shahriar cultivar. In general the experimental results indicated that under water limitation condition, cultivation of shahriar cultivar and salicylic acid consumption can get acceptable yield.