VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2018 | Volume:11 | Issue:4 (44) |Papers Count:8

Essential oils as growth stimulant play an important role in improving intestinal microflora and morphological properties and immune system in broiler chickens. The aim of present study was evaluation of the effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Ziziphora (Ziziphora tenuior L.) essential oil on intestine microflora of broilers. 468 one day old male broilers (308 Ross strain) were divided into 13 groups. Each group with equal numbers of male included 3 replicates (12 chicks per replicate). 12 groups were administrated with distinct dose of essences (from 10-42 age), comprised: Thyme, Ziziphora and mixed of both of them, in two levels (0.15% and 0.3% of diet) and two route of drinking water and food. Two birds were selected from each replicate at 42 days old and were slaughtered after 12 hours starvation. Then, a piece of Ileum of each chick was cut for counting of microbial population and was transferred to laboratory. Total counting of coliform and lactobacillus for each sample was performed and the results were analyzed with SPSS software. Total counting of coliform were the least in groups feeding with 0.3% of mixed Thyme and Ziziphora but it didn’t show significant difference in comparison with control group. Total counting of lactobacillus were the most in groups feeding with 0.3% of mixed Thyme and Ziziphora in feed that it showed significant difference in comparison with control group (p<0.05). It didn’t show significant difference between treatment groups for the route of consumption of Thyme and Ziziphora. Adding 0.3% of mixed Thyme and Ziziphora essence to broiler chicken diets can be effective in improvement of gut useful microflora (lactobacillus) and decrease the harmful bacteria (coliform) in broilers Ileum.

Diabetes is the most common endocrine diseases in the world. Recently, the drugs of natural origin especially medicinal plants are considered significant. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is an important endemic Iranian vegetable and categorized as an herbal medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oil extract of purslane seeds on insulin resistance indeces in mice. In this study 30 adult mice were divided into five groups of six: (1) Negative control (non- diabetic), (2) positive control (diabetic), (3) purslane seeds extract control (non-diabetic), (4) 150 (mg/kg) oil extract of purslane seeds (diabetic) and (5) 300 (mg/kg) oil extract of purslane seeds (diabetic). Pursulane exrat gavaged to groups 3, 4 and 5 for one month. After it, diabetes induction was performed by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozocin in 2nd, 4th and 5th groups. After two month blood samples were taken, indices was measured and analyzed statistically. The overall period of study was 3 months. Oil extract of purslane seeds were decreased significantly serum glucose in diabetic groups in comparison to positive diabetic group (p<0.05). The levels of serum insulin were increased in 3rd, 4th and 5th groups (p<0.05). However, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, QUICKI and atherogenic indeces had not statistically significant changes. Purslan seeds declined serum glucose in diabetic mice and it had insulinogogic effect.

Pregnancy toxemia of ewes is a metabolic disease which is caused by glucose deficiency in mothers in response to rapid increases in fetal requirements. The objective of this study was evaluation of some blood elements and metabolites and cortisol levels in Ghezel pregnant ewes at Khalatposhan research station. In this study, blood samples were taken from 50 pregnant ewes in three times, before mating, during pregnancy and before the lambing. Thereafter, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, urea and total protein level were measured spectrophotometric method and  blood cortisol concentration using Elisa .The effect of parity on serum glucose concentration was significant (p<0.01).phosphorus concentration in all ewes was in the same level. The type of lambing had not any effect on blood elements and metabolites. Blood sampling time had significant effect (p<0.01) expect phosphorus. Birth body weigh effect on serum cortisol (p<0.01) was significant. The negative correlation was between glucose and urea (r=-0.16) respectively. Correlation between total protein and urea (r=0.42) was statistically significant (p<0.01), respectively. The correlation between total protein and phosphorus (r=-0.21) was statistically significant (p<0.01), respectively. In general it be concluded that the measurement and analysis of blood metabolites during pregnancy is important to prevent from the pregnancy disorders and to improve health.

Echinococcus granulosus is caused hydatidosis as a zoonotic diseases in human and animal. Infected liver and lungs of sheep with hydatid cyst were gathered from Ahvaz slaughterhouse and hydatid cyst fluid, protoscolexes, and germinal layers of cysts were separated and cultured in RPMI strile medium. In this study, evaluation of the reaction of the antigen of the cyst fluid, germinal layer and protoscolices in the presence of serum prepared from sheep and mice was carried out and the blood required for preparation of infected and uninfected sera was prepared from 100 sheep during slaughtering. The counterimmunoelectrophoresis test was evaluated to hydatid cyst diagnosis. In 50 samples of serum infected with hydatid cyst, by counterimmunoelectrophoresis method, 80% of the sera using the antigen of the hydatid  fluid, 72% using the antigen of the protoscolexes ES., and 92% using the antigen of the germinal layer ES. were showed positive reaction, and in 5 samples of sera infected with hydatid cyst in mice, by counterimmunoelectrophoresis method, 80% of sera using the hydatid cyst fluid, 80% using the antigen of protoscolexes ES, and 100% using the anigen of germinal layer ES showed positive reaction. According to the findings of this study, the antigen of germinal layer, ES having a higher percentage of positive reaction, is more applicable for obtaining a better result from this test. The advantages of this method must be compared with other methods.

Dermatophytosis is a zoonotic infection of the skin that Trichophyton verrucosum strain responsible for the infection in cattle. The disease occurs mainly in young animals (calves) and usually transmission between animals spreads through direct contact with a host and through infected vegetative structures such as hyphae and spores of the fungus. In March-2017, the investigation in one of the dairy farms around Tehran showed that dermatophytosis lesions not only there are in the calves but in the heifers and the dairy cows also. Lesions were usually as grayish white crusts with different size but distinct, limited, thick and the area hair loss. The pustular lesions were observed less that were protruding as small scabs from the skin surface. Direct microscopic examination of skin samples were negative for mites but positive for the fungi components such as hyphae and arthroconidiate. The macroscopic properties of fungi strain on medium of Sabouraud dextrose agar was as the button-like small colonies with white to cream color, the surface with velvet-like consistency and the colonies behind of white and microscopic characteristics as long and irregular hyphae with many kelamidioconidi which were located to be chained tandem which all are from diagnostic characteristics of Trichophyton verrucosum. Finally, the patient animals were treated with a solution of10%sodium iodide amount 1g/14Kg as intravenous. In this report was determined that Trichophyton verrucosum was responsible for fungal infection at different ages in dairy farm. So that it can be said that adult animals as well as young animals are susceptible to infection and the disease causes damaging effects on the growth and the production of milk and meat.

Platelet rich fibrin is a platelet concentrate which could influence wound healing due to the release of growth factors. The purpose of this study was macroscopic evaluation of the effect of topical platelet rich fibrin on second intention cutaneous wound healing. For this purpose, 14 adult male dogs were used. Four full thickness 2.5×2.5 cm wounds were created on the back of each animal either side of the vertebral column. The left and right side wounds were used as treatment and control respectively. Postoperatively, the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialization and wound healing were calculated on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 and the means were compared between the two groups using the independent sample t-test at 95% significance level. The results indicated that on day 28, percentage of wound contraction was insignificantly lower in the treatment group (44.03±6.15 vs. 49.26±10.09) while epithelialization was insignificantly higher (85.90±10.32 vs. 66.24±13.45) in comparison to the control group. Also the percentage of wound healing was significantly (p=0.03) higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (92.55±5.14 vs. 83.85±3.69). Overall, the results indicated that platelet rich fibrin improves macroscopic aspects of second intention cutaneous wound healing.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are one of the most important factors in the formation of embryonic damages. These damages include intra-uterine growth retardation, intra-uterine fetal death, embryonic absorption and preterm birth and are associated with oxidative stress caused by lipopolysaccharides. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of vitamin E on lipopolysaccharide induced fetal damages in the rat. In this study, 48 pregnant rats were selected and allocated to 4 groups. In groups 1 and 2, 75 mgr/kg of lipopolysaccharides were injected intraperitoneally on day 15 to 17 of pregnancy. A week before administration of lipopolysaccharides to rats of groups 2 and 3, they received 20 mg/kg of intramuscular vitamin E daily. Group 4 received normal saline intraperitoneally as a control group. In day 18 of pregnancy all mice were euthanized. In each animal, the number of live and dead embryos were counted. Then the live fetuses were weighed and the length of crown–rump, metacarpus, metatarsus, anterior phalanges, posterior phalanges and sternum were determined. In addition, the amounts of malondialdehyde and glutathione were measured in maternal and embryonic liver and placenta. Administration of lipopolysaccharides significantly increased fetal mortality and reduced fetal weight, length of the tail and crown–rump, live embryos and skeletal ossification of the metacarpus, metatarsus, anterior and posterior phalanges and sternum. Results showed that simultaneous administration of vitamin E and lipopolysaccharides reduced damages and improved respective injuries in mice embryos.

Acute clinical mastitis resulting from udder infections and reduced resistance to pathogenic organisms is an important issue in cattle production. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of subclinical mastitis as a first step in prevention of hygienic and economic losses. Daily milk samples were collected every morning after milking and mixed with equal volume of mastitis test reagent and the mixture was rotated in a figure of 8 fashion for a few minutes. Presence of subclinical mastitis was confirmed by clotting of this mixture. The collected samples from each milking were sent to the microbiology laboratory alongside ice for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests. Results indicated that the highest number of isolated bacteria consisted of Corynebacteria (12.54%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.92%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4.62%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4.62%), Staphylococcus epidermis (3.3%), Bacillus (2.64%) and Streptomyces (1.98%). Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed the greatest susceptibility to gentamicin and resistance to penicillin indicating the presence of resistance in isolated bacteria against commonly used antibiotics like penicillin, streptomycin and to some extent tetracycline but susceptibility towards the lesser used gentamicin was high.