Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Year:2000 | Volume:4 | Issue:2|Papers Count:20

One of the main problems of universities and educational centers, is the evaluation of teachers activities. The aims of the research were to determine the situation of the teacher communication skills (verbal and nonverbal), the students' points of view and the relationship between the teachers' communication skills and evaluation.A descriptive study was carried out on 385 students selected by random sampling for determining the teachers' communication skins, followed by an analytical study (cohort) to find out the relationship between communication skills and evaluation. So a questionnaire was designed to assess the teachers' communication skills. The content and construct validity and split half reliability were also tested. The communication questionnaires were completed by the students. .After at least two weeks, the teachers' evaluation was done under the university rules. The analysis of data was achieved by using X2 and Fisher exact tests.The students evaluated 60.4 percent of the teachers as suitable and 39.6 percent as unsuitable communicators. 51.9% of teachers had suitable educational activities. Male and female teachers had different educational activities (P<0.01). There was a relationship between the teachers' communication skins and evaluation (P<0.01).The study showed that a higher Percentage of students had satisfaction with teachers' communication skills and educational activities. It is also concluded that there is a relationship between Lie teacher's communication skills and evaluation. The verbal communication skills were more important than non verbal communication skills in the evaluation. An experimental research is recommended to determine the effect of communication skills on evaluation.

Considering the nutritional value of pistachio and reports of run<a5ous contamination of this kernel and due to lack of accurate information in this respect, this study was aimed to determine the amount and type of aflatoxinogen fungous contamination on samples.0f pistachios stored in storehouses in kermanshah in 1999. This descriptive study was done on 632 samples taken from warehouses in kermanshah. The samples were divided into four categories of: raw with intact shell; raw with damaged shell, salted with intact shell and salted with damaged shell. Then 158 samples were chosen from each group, The fungi were classified into different groups according to the macroscopic features of the grown colonies as well as their microscopic features on slides. The prevalence and type of fungous contamination were measured and identified and actual prevalence of Aspergillus flavus contamination in storehouses was calculated by 95% confidence. This study showed the rates or fungous contamination was %66 and Aspergillus flavus contamination was %14.2. The rate of this kind of contamination was %26 and %2.5 in raw an salted pistachios respectively.Fungous contamination in stored pistachio was quite extensive and remarkable.To reduce Aspergillus flavus contamination and its known complications further studies are necessary.  

To determine the rate of fungous contaminations in collected bread wastage in Kermanshah a descriptive study was carried out from April till July 2000. The community under study included all of the locations in which the bread wastage was collected. The collecting technique was a questionnaire and sampling for fungous experiments. The questionnaires were completed by a trained expert and the laboratory results were reported by a mycologist" The samples were transferred to the laboratory at once and cultivated in Sabouraud Dextorse Agar media contained antibiotic. This research showed that there were 53 locations for collecting bread wastage in Kermanshah. 82% of which were not appropriate concerning physical conditions. The amount or collected bread wastage was 7143±227 tons per day with the retention time or 15±3 days, Most part of bread wastage was used for feeding domestic animals 23% of sample was contaminated by toxic fungi, %15 of samples were contaminated with Aspergillus flavus, 5% with  aspergillus Fumigates and 3% with Cladosporum. Intensive contamination of bread wastage with fungi products hazardous parsons and its extensive consumption for animal nourishment which may lead to the contamination of animal products with mycotoxins particularly Aflatoxin reguires further investigation and research.

Thalassemias are autosomal recessive disorders. Relatively high incidence is observed in people of Asian, Indian, Mediterranean, middle eastern and far eastern origin. About 2-4 percent of the Iranian population is also assumed to be affected by thalassemic diseases. Despite this the epidemiological studies in Iran are limited and there are no well documented reports regarding the prevalence of this disease in kermanshah province .After a preliminary screening of available data from persons referred for electrophoresis of Hemoglobin to Kermanshah central laboratorj , we considered that the relatively high prevalence of thalassemia may be present in some discrete area of Kermanshah province, such as in Jlow village. Therefore the prevalence determination of thalassemia trait in Jlow village was chosen as the objective or this study. The village had a total number of 226 residents from which 219 persons took part in this survey. Based on the analysis of the results of complete blood count (CBC) and Hb-electrophoresis the overall prevalence of all forms of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia were 14.48% and 13.12%, respectively. Heterozygotic beta-thalassemia was detected in 27(12.33%) cases. Thalassemia major was found in 2(0.09%) individuals .Three persons having microcytosis and HbA2 levels between 3% to 3.5% was suspected as minimal talasserma. in conclusion, the Jlow village is identified as a thalassemia - hyperendemic area on a worldwide and country scale and it is recommended to do more complete studies in the molecular level.

The Outer membrane antigens of Brucella species include lipopolysaccharides and several proteins. These antigens could be good candidates for diagnostic and vaccine purposes.In this study two major outer membrane proteins of Brucella aborts (S19) were extracted and purified. Bacterial cell suspension was disrupted by ultrasonic waves and crude membrane separated by ultracentrifugation. Extraction of outer membrane proteins was performed by differential solubilization of inner and outer membranes in sarcosyl and zwitergent 3-14, respectively. The digestion of peptidoglycan layer was achieved by lysozyme. Ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration were used to purify the two major proteins.Results of sodium dodecyl sulfat polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-P AGE) showed that outer membrane proteins have been successfully extracted and the two isolated proteins are considerably pure. Furthermore, these proteins do not have diffused pattern in SDS-P AGE, but each of them is composed of several distinct bands. This finding may be accounted for the appropriateness of extraction method of outer membrane, desirable separation of protein bands in SDS - PAGE or great sensitivity of gel painting methods.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disorder in children with risk of renal scar formation and other well known complications. Dimercapto- Succinic Acid (DSMA) scan is a good tool for detecting renal scars, but is expensive and unavailable in most centers. In contrast, ultrasonography is inexpensive and available, but its role in detecting renal scars is controversial. This study was performed on children with UTI admitted in nephrology ward of Kermanshah Razi hospital during 1995-1996 to evaluate the strength of ultrasonography in comparison diagnosis of renal scar in comparison to DSMA scan.This clinical trial (diagnostic type) study took place on 141 kidneys with pyelonephritis. All of the kidneys examined with ultrasonography (3.5 MHZ probe) and DSMA scan. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value or ultrasonography in comparison to DSMIA scan as golden standard, were calculated.Seventhly one patient (17 boys and 54 girls) were studied. Range of age was between 1 month and 12 years. Among 133 kidneys included in the study, 33 kidneys had renal scars in DMSA scan. Ultrasonography was negative for renal scar In all or the cases. 

Health education is effective, when it is based on the realities. the awareness of community behaviors, make this purpose feasible are most important part of dietary are the most important part of dietary regimen. Since the consumed vegetables are irrigated by raw wastewater and contaminated water, they may transmit the viral, bacterial and parasitic agent of different diseases. This study was carried out to determine consumers' health behaviors in connection with carrying, keeping and sanitizing the raw vegetables which help to prevent the diseases, and compile witab1e health education programs.The findings indicated that mothers are 70% of vegetables buyers in families. 30% or the buyers carried the vegetables with bread and uncovered foodstuff to their homes. In 38% or families the children interfered in cleaning the vegetables. Proper vegetables sanitation was achieved in 20% of families, In general, with respect behaviors, to raw vegetables consumption, 15% families had suitable health behaviors, while 40% and 45% or them had acceptable and unacceptable behaviors while 40% and 45% of them had acceptable and unacceptable behaviors, respectively 70% of families Have declared that they had received some education about vegetables consumption. Amongst media, television had the greatest role in this respect.regarding that mothers had the most fundamental role in raw vegetable caring, keeping and sanitation and 51% of them were literate, uaining them would be of considerable usefulness for families' health. This study revealed that vegetables sanitation was not performed properly. Required related trainings by health communicators and personnel’s in health centers and generally different media especially television can be led to positive results.

Regarding the prevalence of trauma and its known complications, a descriptive research was conducted to study the sonographic findings and evaluate the diagnostic value of sonography in 300 patients with abdominal blunt trauma in 1998. All the patients were set for sonography to search for free fluid and injuries of abdominal organic parts. Among them, 24 cases were operated by laparatomy wit thregard to the sonogranhic findings. Then the obtained results were compared with the sonographic findings. The rest of patients (267 cases) had no surgical indication and were set under consideration. According to the sonographic signs of Detents, 276 cases were true negative, 23 cases were true positive and one case was false positive. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of this method were 100%, 99% and 99.6%, respectively. Therefore, sonography can be used as an initial selective diagnostic approach to detect free fluid in the abdomen and pelvic cavity and is useful in studying the adbominal organic injuries as a screening method for later diagnostic measures.

Considering the high incidence or cardiac ischemia and Its mortality among adults and existing controversies about common features of AMI patients, this study was aimed to determine the demographic characteristics or these patients referred to the hospitals in sari from 1991 to 1996.In this deceptive study certain factors such as Patients' age, sex, occupation, day and the season of AMI, condition at the time or attack as well as patients' major complains at the onset of acute symptoms of the disease, location & type of MI were carefully recorded and ultimately the confidence, interval (CI) n was ' calculated for some of the findings by confidence coefficient of 95%.The study carried out on 1467 patients and revealed that victims of MI are mostly in their 60 S.(with CI of 34.5 to 39.5 in identical societies). %85 or patients had expenenced MI Before 70.%67 of  the subjects were male and %33 were female.%28,6 of the subjects were housewives, while %26.3 were self-employed and %19.8 were farmers. Argina pectoris (%80) and dyspnea (%15.7) were the most common symptoms of AMI attacks. There was no significant difference in the season of the incidence of MI. %88 of the patients were visited within the first 12 Hours after MI, the estimated CI for identical societies was between 86.3 to 89.7) and 3/4 of them were visited within the first 6 hours %76 of cases had experienced Q-wave MI and %24 had Q-wave MI. the most common anatomical locations of AMI were infero-posterior (%41.3 with CI of 39.1). Most of the cases of AMI occurred in the morning and patients were referred to the physician in relatively short time. The age range of MI in sari was below that of existing sources. Further studies are necessary to investigate the reason (s).

Considering the prevalence of placenta previa and its maternal and foetal knovm consequences, this study was achieved to find out the epidemiology of placenta previa in pregnant women referred to obstetric centre of Kermanshah University of medical sciences (mo'tazedi hospital) in 1996.The society under study was all referrers to mo'tazedi hospital. The women who certainly had placenta previa, were studied in connection with age, job, number of pregnancy, number of parturition, history of surgical operation on womb, disease during pregnancy, hemoglobin and hematocrit variations, and infant characteristics such as foetal age, sex, weight and apgar score.During the research among 1067 women who referred to the centre for parturition 33 cases had placenta previa. In other words, the prevalence of placenta previa was 0.31%. 27.3% of those with placenta previa had history of cesarean section and 54.4% preterm parturition. The pregnancy age was less than 37 weeks. 12.15% of the fetuses were dead. Hysterectom y was performed in 3% of the patients.This research revealed that the prevalence of placemaprevia in the centre was similar in most of other studies and different in some cases which may be due to its contributing factors in those centers or their better diagnosing facilities. Further researches are recommended to determine the placenta previa risk factors.

With regard the importance of hospital infections, the role of ICU staff hands in transferring infection and also its plenteousness in ICU, this study was carried out in some Kermanshah selected hospital in 1997 to investigate the effectiveness of training on the quality of washing among health care staff in ICU.An experimental research was achieved on 60 cases. Before the training, the methods of staff hand washing were observed confidentially. Then their hands were sampled to culture and the colony count was achieved. Afterwards a training program included an eigh-page pamphlet and a poster was performed in experimental group. Then the quality of hand washing was observed in both group, and again colony was carried out. The data collecting technique was feldman’s checklist accompanied with demographic characteristics.From all participants took part in the study (60 cases), 35 individuals were in control group and some 25 cases were in the experimental group. The findings revealed that before the training there were no significant differences in hand washing methods and the amount of hand contamination in both groups while after the training, the differences were static all significant (p<0.001). in the experimental group the quality of hand washing increased and the colony counts reduced i.e the training in experimental group cased to increase Feldman’s checklist scores and reduce the staff hands contamination. Therefore it is recommended that the staff to be enjoyed from training while on duty.

Considering the high prevalence of unwanted pregnancy in our country and its numerous complications for mothers, families and society, and the role of health staff knowledge, attitude and practice and consumers in this respect, the present study was aimed to determine the knowledge of health staff in respect to contraceptive methods in 1996. The research was descriptive. The data collecting technique was a questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by interviewers included trained obstetric specialist and obstetricians referred to Tehran governmental health comers.In 120 health centers, 167 individuals or health and family adjustment staff included 7 physicians (4%), 106 experts (64%) and 54 nursing staff (32%) were studied. In 30% of the health staff, the general knowledge of family adjustment was in very good level and in 17.6% in low and poor level. The health staff knowledge in respect to contraceptive methods such as pills, IUD and condome in very good level were 5% ,6% and 23% , respectively. There was little correlation between the health staff knowledge and work history.The staff knowledge was not desirable and it seems that holding re-educational courses, seminars and explanatory sessions are necessary to improve family adjustment services. Furthermore, appropriate consultation may enhance the consumer knowledge and reduce the failure the failure of contraceptive methods.

Correct reference of patients to physlotherapby centers by general physicians (Gps ) can play a vital role in maintaining health and curing diseases. It is essential to have adequate knowledge of this course of study or at least its curative objective to refer patients to physiotheraphy clinics. This study was aimed to determine the Gps knowledge of physiotherapeutic objectives in kerman shah in 1998.The society under study included all available Gps based on the list presented by the assistant of drug and treatment affairs of Kermanshah University of medical sciences. A questionnaire containing 20 questions in 3 branches of orthopedics, neurology and internal-surgical diseases was prepared to assess  Gps knowledge of physical therapy objective. After confirming validity  and reliability, the questionnaires were presented to the Gps and collected after filling at the same session.based on the date derived from the questionnaires, it was specified that mean percent of cooect answers to the total questions was 40±13 (mode 40) and in each braches of orthopedics,  neurology and internal-surgical diseases were 40±18, 49±20 and 29±22, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the Gps knowledge and any variables such as age, sex, university, year of graduation, work history. Having related training during education and re-educational courses.As a whole, considering the low mean percent of correct answers to the total questions, it can be said that the Gps knowledge was undesirable. Therefore, it is recommended to design appropriate topics in the educational program of general medical course and present related re-educational courses for physicians.

Educational achievement in students of nursing who make up the large portion of work-hands in health centers is an important factor in their efficiency at work and improvement of nursing services. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personal characteristics of nursing students and their educational achievement in K.U.M.S. in 1996.For this purpose all female senior students of nursing at K.U.M.S. Between 21-26 years of age were tested with Raven's intelligence test and then 138 of them with I.Q score of 95 to 115 entered the study.the relationship between subjects marital status, kind of housing, place of living and family income with their average points (as an index of achievement) was analyzed by the use of t-test and variance analysis and regression test. To assess their personal characteristics, burn ratter test was used. While relationship between personal characteristics and the average point was studied by the regression test. This study showed there is no statistically significant relationship between contextual parameters such as marital status, type of housing, place of living and family income of the subjects and educational achievement. Nor was there any statistically significant relationship between subject educational achievement and their personal characteristics.This study revealed personal characteristics do not play a role in student’s educational achievement or failure. Further studies may cast further light in this issue.