The present study investigated the relationship between self-efficacy, achievement goals (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance approach and performance-avoidance), with metacognition, and compared the students' metacognition factors (knowledge of cognition and knowledge of regulation). The population of this study consisted of female high school students (1389-1390) in Mamasani. The sample of this study consisted of 230 first-grade female students who were selected randomly by multi-stage random sampling method. The instruments for collecting data consisted of self-efficacy subscale of MSLQ (Pintrich, Smith, Garcia& Mckeachie, 1993), three subscales (mastery-approach, performance approach and performance-avoidance) of Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (Midgley, 2000), mastery-avoidance subscale of Achievement Goals Scale (Andrew, Elliott, Holly, Mc-Gregor, 2001) and Metacognition Awareness Inventory (Schraw & Dennison, 1994). The regression analysis also revealed that self-efficacy and achievement goals have important roles in predicting metacognition factors. Results of Canonical analysis showed that linear combination of metacognition factors (declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge, planning, monitoring, information management, debugging and evaluation) was predicted by a linear combination of motivational factors (self-efficacy, mastery approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach and performance avoidance goals). In addition, the repeated measures ANOVA showed that students have significant differences in terms of levels of knowledge of cognition (declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge and conditional knowledge) and knowledge of regulation (planning, monitoring, information management, debugging and evaluation).