JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:11

Lipases hydrolyze triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol. Its optimum production depends on to accessibility of triglycerides. Thermophilic and alkalophilic bacterial lipases are important for industries application because they can active in high temperature and alkali conditions. In this research bacterial strain isolated from activated sludge of dairy effluents was identified. Bacterial strain was growth in present of fatty acids as a sole carbon source. Then effects of several carbon (olive oil, sunflower and coconut oil) and organic and inorganic nitrogen sources (peptone, yeast extract, urea, asparagin, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) were estimated on optimum production of lipase. The best activity was obtained in presence of olive oil and peptone and yeast extract in conditions of pH=8.5 and 50 centigrade degree temperature. For purification of crude enzyme in culture media was used from ammonium sulfate precipitation method and DEAE-Sepharose anion exchange chromatography. The enzyme was purified about 30-fold after passing all this levels. The molecular mass was found to be 310KDa which resulted in a single peak by 10% SDS-PAGE chromatography. Enzyme activity of final product was 0.58U/ml. This research was shown lipase production by accessible source such as activated sludge and economic purification methods. This product would be extremely favorable for industrial use.

The incidence of Candida vulvovaginitis caused by non-albicans Candida species is dramatically rising. Most non-albicans species have higher azole MICs and infections caused by them are often difficult to treat. Accurate diagnosis depends on cultures methods that will yield correct identification of Candida species. Vaginal discharges were obtained from 122 women with acute (n=61) and recurrent (n=61) Candida vulvovagintis. All specimens were inoculated on CHROM agar medium to identify candida species and detection of mixed infection. In order to confirm the diagnosis, all isolates also plated on cornmeal agar and identified by carbohydrate assimilation using API20C cards.A total of 127 isolates were obtained from 122 vaginal specimens cultured on CHROM agar medium. 5 patients had mixed infection with two species. Candida albicans was the most common isolated species from acute (82.7%) and recurrent (57.8%) patient groups and the most common non-albicans species identified by this method was Candida krusei. Cornmeal agar test showed that 22.2% and 45.3% of the isolates were non-albicans species in acute and recurrent cases respectively. But API20C test revealed that Candida glabrata was the most common non-albicans species isolated in this study.Infection with non-albicans Candida species is more common in recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis. CHROM agar is a useful medium in detection of mixed Candida infection. But in spite of its ability in identifying Candida albicans and non-albicans species in some situation, this medium is not reliable for definite diagnosis of Candida species.

Spray-drying method which has high production rate and low operation cost, is a well-known technology in the food industry. In addition, spray-drying is used for the preservation and concentration of microorganisms but the produced powders in this method showed a considerable decrease in viable count. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different treatment and maltodexterin prebiotic on survival of probiotic bifidobacterium powder during spray drying and maintenance. Treated and untreated powders showed reductions in bacterial counts during spray drying from 0.4 to 2.44 and 1.54 to 4.28 logarithmic units, respectively. Overall the treated powders presented better survival rate compared to the untreated powders during spray drying condition. Also, powders with and without maltodexterin prebiotic showed reductions in bacterial counts from 0.55 to 2.43 and 2.1 to 3.98 logarithmic units during spray drying, respectively. Also Powders without maltodexterin showed a severe reduction in bacterial count from 3.98 to 6.38 logarithmic units after 6 months of maintenance than initial viable count before spray drying but the reduction of Powders with maltodexterin were from 1.16 to 3.59 logarithmic units. Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis with maltodexterin were shown to be the most resistant and sensitive bacteria during spray drying and maintenance condition, respectively. Overall Powders with maltodexterin presented better survival rate compared to the Powders without maltodexterin during spray drying condition. Thus different treatment and maltodexterin prebiotic caused to optimize the viability of treated bifidobacterium powders during spray drying and maintenance condition.

Ion channel, are membrane proteins between the two sides of the cell membrane electric potential with a choice ferry ions created and Take Control. The correct understanding of the function of potassium ion channel, we know the brain is functioning. Neural cell membrane functions differently because the password is sodium and potassium ions. Usually in an ion is used instead of potassium ion to be number and how to connect ions in a specific time to filter to determine potassium channel. Exposure to changes in this protein can different environments is interesting. The concentration of different ions (eg, titanium, sodium, calcium and ...) that there Mhytatraf membrane ion channel space structure is influenced and can influence each other ion except potassium ion channels on the role obtained change because of performance problems for ion channel cell gives and sometimes to cause cell death. In this article, using molecular dynamics simulation to VMD software reviews KcsA-Fab complex structure in both dilute solution of potassium and titanium environment in let. Effect of potassium ion and titanium on two animal cells due to pharmaceutical and manufacturing applications containing two ion implants are important. KcsA-Fab complex structure in solution by creating two difference in the number of ion bridges, radial distribution function, the snake in the screw Ramachandran diagram and connect the remaining parts are investigated. The results can be said KcsA-Fab complex environment with low concentration of potassium ion concentration of the titanium with low thermal stability is greater.

The halotrolerant bacteria have adjustment widely diversity in density high salt and low water. Halophils and halotolerant variety class microorganism, bacteria, archaea, alga and some fungus have the adapted to this hyper saline environment at the high salt density. The microorganism discovered has the capacity live extreme condition mechanism physiology, biochemistry and molecular in micro organism developed in response in high density salt and pressure. Halophilic bacteia isolated with benzene decomposition ability was the purpose of this study. In this study, four strains of bacteria around Qom Soil oil wells capable of benzene tolerance were isolated. Bacteria were exposed with different benzene concentrations 10-200 ppm. Among the isolates, one strain was ability to tolerate the amount of 150 ppm benzene. According to morphological, physiological and genetical characteristics of review, the strain Bacillus subtilis approved. Combined amount of salt tolerance in the review and benzene degradiation, this strain could tolerate up to 12% salt concentration and 150 ppm benzene. Most remove benzene (70 percent) during the logarithmic growth of bacteria after 24 hours culture were determined. Then optimized by benzene decomposition of Bacillus subtilis were isolated. The results showed a good ability to desired degree benzene cleansing environment offers.

Application of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture has a long background and its history goes back to the time that the American Nitrogen Company was founded more than 100 years ago. Biofertilizers have been widely used in former Soviet Union, China, India and Brazil in the last decades. Increasing the shelf life of these microorganisms in different carriers, by using a wide range of natural or synthetic additives is a very common practice. Although these additives are believed to enhance the viability of microorganisms of inoculants, their effect on germination of the seeds has yet to be studied. In this research the effect of additives used in mixed-culture inoculants of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum and Pseudomonas fluorescens on germination of cotton seeds in sterile or non sterile condition was evaluated. Different concentrations of chitosan, sucrose, Fe-EDTA, glycerol and molasses were used as additives singly or in combination in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the additives can impose positive or negative effect on germination rate of cotton Seed. In non sterile situation Arabic gum increases the germination, in sterile situation it have negative effect But almost of additives has positive effect on germination.

Prompt detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance is essential for effective control of tuberculosis (TB). The most frequent mutations associated with rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium are the substitutions at codons 516, 526 and 531 in rpoB gene. The aim of this study was to characterize these mutations in Mycobacterium isolates from patients suspected to be infected with drug-resistant (DR) pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). 100 sample were obtained from Micobacteriulogy research center,Tehran. We developed a MAS-PCR targeting mutation in codons 516, 526, and 531 of the rpoB gene using four allele-specific primers. Drug susceptibility testing revealed that 30 (31.3%) were susceptible while 66 (68.8%) were drug resistant. 43 (44/8%) of the drug resistant isolates, were resistant to rifampin. Analysis with multiplex PCR method performed in the isolates showed that 5 (13/5%) had mutations at codon 516, 19 (51/8%) at codon 526 and 13 (35/1%) had mutations at codon 531 of rpoB gene. In conclusion, the DR profile of the isolates suggests a significant number of different DR-TB strains with a low frequency of mutation at codon 516 and high frequancy of mutation at codon 526. This method can be used on direct sputum and results can be acquired by 3-4 Days instead of 2 months.

Citicoline (CDP-choline;cytidine 5prime-diphosphocholine) is a form of the essential nutrient choline that shows promise of clinical efficacy in elderly patients with cognitive deficits, inefficient memory and early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Citicoline has also been investigated as a therapy in stroke patients. It has been disclosed that prepared according to a chemically synthetic method, but it is difficult to produce it on a commercial scale. Thus it is important to providing a method for producing a purified citicoline in a good yield at low cost and capable of implementation on an industrial scale is clear. In enzymatic method That applied in this research citicoline is extracted of the Culture liquor that in this resaerch named Culture. The Culture filterated was passed through a column of strongly basic anion exchang resin. Then strongly basicanion Exechanger-quaternary ammonium type I 62096 Lewatit OC-1950 Styrene-DVB gel-type was washed with water and formic acid. This solution was passed through the column with gradual increase in the concentration of formic acid (until 0.04 N Max.). A fraction of citicoline was collected by elution according to the so-called gradient elution method. In this research for extracted microorganism enzymatic system, they was treated with distilled water and sonication with 50-60Hz wave length, that result was shown this mwthod don’t have any effect on extracting the enzymatic system. But added aceton cause lossing the yeast cell wall and follow it adding Sorfactant extracted it and formed citicolin in the culter. forming investigated by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) method. Results was shown that citicolin was formed 3 to 4 hours after the culturing. and adding surfactant to the culture liquer increase the forming of citicoline that should be investigate. For assaying citicholin that was formed in the liquer HPLC method used. In purification that carried out with column of strongly basic anion exchang resin with 1ml/3min/sq. cm rate was showed that max. of citicoline can exist in 450 min from column. The results showed that with this method 1. 338mg/ml. citicholin formed and addind the sorfactant increasing it to 1.41md/ml.Preparing citicoline by this method is usable and we can apply it in the industrial level But it is necessary more research for increasing its output.