JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PATHOBIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

The ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) is a well described skin parasitic pathogen of large number of freshwater fishes. The parasite causes great loses both in freshwater aquaculture enterprises worldwide as well as in natural ecosystems. In this study the severity and distribution plan of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis on surface of fish in 12C° and 20C° were investigated. First Fish were challenged with parasite then mortality and abundance of visible trophonts on fish surface were counted 3, 6 and 9 days after challenge. results shows that not only the parasite is more severe in 20C° than 12C°  but, pattern of throphonts distribution on fish surface is significantly different in two groups (P<0.05). Mortality after 10 days in 12°C and 20°C were 41% and 63% respectively. Prevalence of ich in fins in 12C° was 55%, 50% and 54% in 3, 6 and 9 days after challenge respectively, whereas it was 31%, 33% and 33% in 20C°. Prevalence of Ich in skin in12C° were 37% , 34% and 39% in 3, 6 and 9 days after challenge respectively, versus it was 64%, 61% and 60% in 20C°. No significant difference was observed in prevalence of ich in gills in 20C° and 12C°. According to the results, prevalence of ich on fish skin and fins depends on the temperature in which infection occurred. Although ich is more active in higher temperature, the site of infection is another reason of higher mortality in 20C° than 12C°. Failure in osmoregulation is mentioned as an important reason of fish death caused by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, hence fish is more sensitive in higher temperature in which ich located mostly in skin, than lower temperature in which ich situated in fins.

Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of mammals and  birds throughout the world, so they are potentially involved in transmission of the widest variety of pathogens including bacteria, protozoa and viruses between different animals in nature. Tick control throughout the world is based mainly on the repeated use of chemical acaricides. Indiscriminate use of these tick controlling chemicals has resulted in problems related to environmental pollution, leaving residue in meat and milk, and the resistance development in the target species. The interest in alternative methods for the control of ticks has been dramatically increased in recent years, in accordance with increasing demands for safer animal products and environmental protection in this experiment  in a preliminary study we studied properties of some medicinal plants extract (Peganum harmala L., Artemisia absinthium, Melia azedarach L., Artemisia annua) comparison with Cypermethrin on the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus  to introduce better extract against hard tick Acari Ixodidae under laboratory condition.

Brucella are very small, gram-negative coccobacilli that cause a zoonosis called brucellosis. These bacteria enter the body through mucous membranes. The blood carries Brucella to organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow and kidneys where they cause lesions. Symptoms of brucellosis include fluctuating fever, chills, sweating, headache, muscle pain, and weight loss. One species of Brucella, called B. abortus infects the placenta and fetus of gestating cows and causes the fetus to abort. When humans are infected by this organism they develop a severe fever.Cow and sheep production in this region is an important livelihood source. In this study, 300 milk samples were collected from villages of Toyserkan City in seasons autumn 2009. This milk samples were examined for detecting Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis with Milk Ring Test (MRT). From milk samples,about B. abortus 21 (14%) and B. melitensis 18 (12%) showed positive reaction.As a result, with these findings, seroprevalence of the disease causing abort in cattles were found to be high in this region. Therefore, to eradicate such disease and to reduce economical looses, more detailed studies should be made in this region to make proper and effective challenge.

In the research the possibly of product of new food stuffs analysis based on the milk and honey. To determinate effect the different froms of honey (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) on the growth of bacteria probiotic analysis of honey yoghurt as the bearer of bacteria probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum, in the first phase , milk and second phase ,yoghurt 0/33 g probiotic from bacteria liofilizeh analysis of honey yoghurt as the bearer of bacteria probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum add to one litter sterilized low-fat milk. The protein of products was measured to the formel titration method. The live ability of bacterias probiotic accounted by the direct counting in 10 days of production. The products assessed by the sense. The usual yoghurt and the model of 2% honey had the most percent of protein. To add the honey in the different concentrations no cause the decrease of number of bacteria probiotic in the products. The time of shelf life of products was 15 days. The results of questionnaire in the descriptine statistics test analysis by SPSS soft ware, which the statistical results indicate that there is the meaning full difference between color of models.

Sarcocystis species are intracellular protozoan parasites with an intermediate definitive host life cycle based on a prey-predator relationship. Asexual stages develop in intermediate hosts after they ingest the oocyst, and terminate with the formation of intramuscular cysts (sarcocysts). In this study, prevalence of Sarcocyst cameli infection was investigated in 100 camels slaughtered in Najafabad slaughterhouse using peptic digestion and muscle squash methods and compare of between these two methods.  A total of 300 Gimsa stained tissue sample from tongue, diaphragm and esophagus muscle of 100 camels were examined for sarcocystosis. Based on peptic digestion meted, Sarcocyst were detected in 31 of 100 (31%) camels examined .The infection rate of tongue, diaphragm and esophagus were 15%, 17% and 11%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in 51 samples were examined by tissue digestion method was 60.78%. There was no significant (p£0.05) variation between males (52%) and females (48%) but was significant (p£0.05) variation between upper 5 years camels group (50%) and under 3 years (20%) camels group. No macroscopic Sarcocyst were detected.

Nowadays with develop molecular genetic techniques, beings identification and parentage testing is possible using a lot of molecular markers. STR are simple sequences of DNA consisting of short tandem repeats have a high polymorphism, and for this reason, they are used as powerful tools for recognizing the identity. These sequences the total 20% of constitute in mammifera. The aim of this study is examine the fourteen genetic markers AHT5, AHT4 ASB23, ASB17, ASB2, VHL20, CA425, HMS7, HMS6, HMS3, HMS1, HTG4, HTG10 and LEX3 of Arabian horses  and use they in identity testing it species in Chaharmahal-va-bakhtiari province. Blood samples collected from 13 families Arabian strain in Chaharmahal-va-bakhtiari province area and DNA was extracted the Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used for amplification of fourteen markers with the specific primers and the PCR products were resolved on a non-denaturing 10% polyacrylamide gel by electrophoresis, then the PCR products remaining obtainable with formamide and electrophoresis was carried out on an ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer using the recommended protocols. DNA fragments separated were performed with genotype software Ver.3.7. The number of alleles per locus varied from 3 to 9 (average 6.36) in arabian horse. The Polymorphic information contents average 6.41 and the homozygosity was average 0.683 In population total. Since that those markers in all of the studying horse strain, have various kinds of DNA fragments. Consequently it seems that these foueteen markers can be used as an applicable marker for identifying Arabian horse.

From April to June 2009, visceral samples of 30 wild rabbits in Ardabil were examined by direct smear , Giemsa & Trichrome staining and lactophenole lucidation methods, wild rabbits were also Necropside to determine the prevalence of Endoparasites. Endoparasites infestation was encountered in 15 (50%) of Necropside rabbits. Two different Nematodes and one species of Metacestoda and two different protozoa were identified in the infected cases. The endoparasites found were identified as: Passalurus ambigus (13.33%), Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (10%), cysticercus pisiformis (6.66%), Eimeria magna (13.33%), Eimeria steidae (6.66%).

Reproductive disorders are major causes of culling in dairy herds. The present study was undertaken to find out the common reproductive pathological disorders of the slaughtered dairy cows in Esfahan. A total of 609 specimens collected immediately following slaughtering was examined macroscopically. One hundred sixty five tracts were found pregnant and 86 tracts were post partum. Of 444 nonpregnant specimens, 166 tracts (37.4%) had various pathological lesions contain infection and inflammations (30.3%), adhesions (41.2%), cysts (8.5%), lesion of fetus (3.6%), congenital lesion (11.2%), tumors (0.7%), hydrosalpinx (0.9%), cervical hematoma (0.2%) and retained membrane (0.2%). The incidence of such disorders such as ovarian cysts and endometritis appears to be lower than what is normally expected in the dairy herds. This may be attributed to the fact that these conditions are easily amenable to regular treatments and are not normally culled. Some of the cows were slaughtered due to brucellosis and this has bearings on the incidence rates reported in the present study. The number of pregnant and postpartum genitalia amounted to 251 (41.2%) which indicates the emergency and compulsory cullings are considerably high. This finding highlights the significance of brucellosis in the dairy herds in Esfahan area and should be alarming to the industry and all concerning public health institutions.