TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2022 | Volume:11 | Issue:1|Papers Count:19

Being in a turbulent environment and a competitive marketplaces and the necessity for innovation drive entrepreneurs to resilience. The necessity for tourism industry entrepreneurs to advance in innovation has led this study to investigate the impact of the resilient personality of entrepreneurs on innovation in their business in tourism industry. The research method, in terms of target, is a survey study based on structural Equation Modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of active entrepreneurial managers of the tourism industry in Hamadan province, who are estimated to be 150 strong, out of whom 108 entrepreneurs were selected using a random sampling based on Morgan formula. The main instrument for gathering data was a questionnaire. Convergent validity, divergent validity, composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha of all components were analyzed and confirmed. The results show that the resilient personality of entrepreneurs has a positive and significant effect on business innovation. Also, there is a significant and positive relationship between the dimensions of perception of personal competence, confidence in individual instincts, positive acceptance of change, control and spiritual influence on business innovation. Therefore, a resilient entrepreneur, in practice, is the pioneer of business innovation.

In this study, we addressed the possibility of influencing the tourism attractiveness of a region on investment, even in projects that not related to tourism. For this purpose, the Venture Capitals' decision-making process was examined in Iran. A questionnaire offered to venture capital investment experts and managers to evaluate an investment plan (production of omega-3 fish oil). In the first part, the characteristics of the respondents on one hand and the areas in which they have visited and wanted to travel again (tourism experience), was asked and registered. Then, once randomly, the information of the omega3 project located in the area with tourism experiences (using an electronic piping questionnaire) and once the information of exactly the same project located in the neutral area(which was not attractive for tourists) were offered to the respondents and evaluation criteria related to plan’, s decision making were asked (Includes various screening criteria). Statistical results showed that people ascribed the plan located in an attractive tourist area as a more attractive investment with significant differences. Therefore, it can be concluded that if a region as a tourist destination leaves a positive experience in the tourists view (among whom there are investment decision makers), it is possible that this effect will attract investment and development of the region.

The purpose of this research wad to simultaneously reserve and develop through a dynamic cycle of interactions between the culture-led regeneration approach, the idea of a creative city, and creative tourism. Therefore, the factors affecting the creative tourism Pattern have been identified based on the opinion of experts in the field of urban studies, urbanism, and urban planning in the creative city of Sanandaj. The statistical population of this research consisted of 200 specialists, 50 people from academics, Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, and Cultural Heritage and Municipality with full knowledge of the historical Fabric of the creative city of Sanandaj. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Finally, 15 people were interviewed. In the first phase of the qualitative method, themes and categories affecting the culture-led urban regeneration approach were identified using the thematic analysis method, desired interviews, and MAXQDA12 software. In the second phase, the identified factors were evaluated and screened using Delphi technique in EXCEL2016 software. Then, a questionnaire with a Likert scale was prepared and distributed among 200 experts in the field of study, and 180 questionnaires were reviewable. The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis technique in LISREL8 software. According to the results, the creative tourism pattern can cause the growth of the creative economy and enable the participation of tourists and residents by using cultural focus on the potential of creative processes in the historical fabric.

One of the important tourism centers of the Islamic Republic of Iran is Kish Island, which is also very popular among Iranian tourists. Increasing the capabilities of Kish Island will increase the tourism capabilities of Iran. In recent years, several problems and factors have reduced the desire to travel to Kish Island. The purpose of this study is to design a native model of the intention of tourists to return to Kish Island with a Reasoned Action theory approach to increase the desire to return to the island. Therefore, this research is applied-developmental and exploratory in nature and the data has been collected by mixed-exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) method. In the qualitative part of the study, 10 experts were examined as a sample by a judgmental method for in-depth review through semi-structured interviews. Using content analysis technique, 117 primary codes, 26 sub-categories and 7 main categories in the obtained qualitative model were identified. The statistical population consists of a small number of incoming tourists to the island in the field of data collection, in which the sample size is estimated by available sampling method using Cochran's formula of 320 people. Due to the fact that the measurement model studied in this research is reflective. Based on the quantitative model obtained from smartPLS software, it was found that the variables of rules and regulations, infrastructure, perceived quality, natural, cultural and historical environment, prevailing atmosphere, perceived value and marketing affect the intention to travel again. Meanwhile, using the path analysis of the obtained structural model, the infrastructure has the greatest effect on the intention of tourists to return to Kish Island and the prevailing atmosphere is the second rank and perceived quality is the third variable affecting the re-selection of the island as a destination by tourists.

Developing a conceptual model for heritage interpretation in the geoparks based on authentic methods in the globe and those that are members of the global geopark networks (GGN), can play a significant role for a geopark to be approved as a UNESCO Global Geopark for a further four-year period (so-called “, green card”, ). The model could also contribute to the future registration of the dossiers of proposed geoparks of the country in the list of the global geoparks network. The present paper is a qualitative research applying the thematic analysis method through identifying the themes of heritage interpretation in this field of study. Thirteen major global reference books from 1957 to 2019 and also implicit review of the website content for 147 UNESCO-sponsored geoparks have been used. To address educating visitors, seven dimensions including: Instructor (interpreter), content, tools, place, principles, practices and audience, and 30 Components were extracted through broad investigations. Finding of the research shed light on the dimensions and components of visitor education in geoparks with the purpose of the promotion and understanding of visitor education (heritage interpretation) concept both for the academics and the executives of Iran. It is also revealed that heritage interpretation in tourism is in fact, non-formal visitor education through an interpretive approach. Therefore, to develop interpretive programs toward sustainable development goals, the managers, officials and those involved in establishing and administrating of the geoparks in the country are recommended pay attention to the significant role of these seven dimensions of visitor education.

The main purpose of this article is to identify the factors affecting the development of tourism and happiness in Yazd. The approach of this research is based on qualitative methodology. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews and their analysis was based on content analysis. The statistical population of this study consists of 15 professors of Yazd University (specialists), 15 mayors and municipal staff (urban managers), 12 experts, tours and tourism services (tourism managers). A total of 42 people were selected by purposive sampling. The content of the interviews was extracted during three coding steps, which indicates the existence of two complementary trends simultaneously: On the one hand, the conditions and characteristics of the destination cause the development of tourism, on the other hand, the development of tourism is directly related to happiness, which itself depends on the context and environment, so it can be said that there is a cycle between them.

One of the most important challenges of Iran's tourism destinations is that the services and products provided in the destinations are not in accordance with the wishes and needs of tourists. Although, tourist destinations must have solutions tailored to the demands of tourists in order to provide more value and gain a long-term competitive advantage. The aim of this study is to develop a model for value co-creation of tourism destinations by focusing on the role of the tourist personality traits as a moderator. The statistical population of the study is domestic tourists in Iran. In order to collect data, first purposive sampling was used to select tourism provinces and cities and then convenience non-random sampling method was used to ask tourists from selected cities (Isfahan, Shiraz, Tehran, Mashhad, Rasht, and Sari). Data were collected between June 2019 to February 2019 by a researcher-made questionnaire, which its Content (Face) validity and reliability (with Cronbach's alpha 92%) were confirmed. Finally, 495 suitable questionnaires were used for analysis with structural equation modeling method. Based on the results, the important factors that affect the destination value co-creation include destination experience, destination engagement and destination image. In addition, the tourist personality traits have a moderating role on the relationship between destination engagement and destination value co-creation, and destination image and destination value co-creation. According to the results, tourism industry actors can create memorable experiences for tourists by creating appropriate interaction with them and change their mentality about destinations.

The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of tourism infrastructures on tourists' loyalty (case study: isfahan). The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consists of domestic tourists in Isfahan who have traveled to Isfahan from July to September 2019. According to Morgan's table, 400 people were counted and 380 valid questionnaires were extracted from the sample. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire that was provided to the statistical sample by available sampling method. Content validity (by 25 university professors and industry activists) and structural validity (with confirmatory factor analysis) were reviewed and confirmed, and also the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0. 9). The conceptual model of the research was examined and analyzed in AMOUS software and all of the hypotheses were confirmed. The results of the path analysis of the present study indicate that the tourism infrastructures affect tourist satisfaction with a coefficient (0. 934) and destination image with a coefficient (0. 654) directly, and affect tourism loyalty with a coefficient (0. 594) indirectly. These results indicate that improvement of the tourism infrastructures increases tourist satisfaction and the desirability of the destination image directly, as well as the loyalty of the tourist indirectly.

Media instruments are very important in the present age, considering the demand for tourists around the world to travel. thus, the destination website quality and their capabilities are very important in the introduction of tourist attractions and attracting tourists and affecting the attitude of users. therefore, in this study, the effect of the destination websites quality on users ' attitude and the willingness to participate in online co-creation experiences has been addressed. The population of this study consisted of all visitors from the comprehensive tourism website of Yazd province, a statistical sample using the cochran formula was calculated in the number of 306. Data analysis is carried out by model structural equation modeling. the results show that the destination websites quality has a significant impact on users ' willingness to participate in online co-creation experiences. also, the destination websites quality has a significant impact on users ' attitude toward the website, and the attitude toward the website has a significant impact on users ' tendency to participate in online co-creation experiences.

Despite the interest in tourism, this issue has been influenced by concerns about natural and social environments, and in response to that, sustainable tourism has become the standard approach in tourism development. However, the debate, discourse, and in some cases criticism of this area continues. Later, responsible tourism emerged as another solution for the interaction between the environment and the tourist. The purpose of this article is to review the research conducted in the field of sustainable and responsible tourism to identify the content formed in these areas and to examine the relationship between them in order to understand the current situation and determine the direction of future research on these issues. Therefore, in this article, with the scientometric approach, articles in this field in the period 2019-1990 have been reviewed. A total of 1518 articles retrieved from the Web of Science database were analyzed using collaboration network analysis and both citation and all lexical network. Findings show that the focus of issues has changed from the concept of sustainable tourism to governance and social responsibility, and in the shadow of sustainable tourism, a new concept is being formed that addresses the issue of responsibility in the field of tourism. The result of this research explains the hot research topics and the development process of future research in this field.

One of the factors have newly been studied in tourism destination stability is responsible tourism. Since, this research tries to investigate responsible tourism effect on tourism destination stability. Research population includes managers and customers of Tabriz Hotels and Travel Agencies who the managers were 150 and the customers were 384 (sue to their being unlimited, Cochran Formula has been used). Current research is applied one in terms of aim and survey in terms of method. A modified standard research-based questionnaire has been applied to collect data. Regression has been used to test the hypotheses as well as LISREL software has been used to analyze the data. The results are as follow,the economic responsibility has positive and significant effect on economic stability,the economic responsibility has positive and significant effect on social stability,the economic responsibility has positive and significant effect on cultural stability as well as the economic responsibility has positive and significant effect on environmental stability. Also, the social responsibility has positive and significant effect economic stability,the social responsibility has positive and significant effect social stability,the social responsibility has positive and significant effect cultural stability as well as the social responsibility has positive and significant effect environmental stability. The cultural responsibility has positive and significant effect economic stability,the cultural responsibility has positive and significant effect social stability,the cultural responsibility has positive and significant effect cultural stability as well as the cultural responsibility has positive and significant effect environmental stability. Also, the environmental responsibility has positive and significant effect economic stability,the environmental responsibility has positive and significant effect social stability,the environmental responsibility has positive and significant effect cultural stability as well as the environmental responsibility has positive and significant effect environmental stability.

In the hotel industry, human capital plays a vital role and increasing productivity depends on managing the quality of work life of the employees. Increasing the quality of work life improves the effectiveness and efficiency of organizational behavior. Issues such as desertion, underperformance, absenteeism decrease with increasing quality of work life and work commitment, job satisfaction and employee participation improve. In comparison to other categories, paying attention to the quality of work life in five-star hotels is more effective in promoting organizational behavior and the brand. To form the conceptual model of this research, several social science theories, especially Homans' Social Exchange theory, the Individual-Environment Suitability of Nye, Su, Rounds & Drasgow and Walton’, s model have been used. In this applied study, survey method is used. The statistical population of the study is Homa Hotel Group employees. The statistical sample includes all 200 managers and employees of Tehran Homa Hotel who were selected through consensus sampling method. Data were collected using a Likert's five-choice spectrum scale questionnaire. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normality of inferential metric statistics data and Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient (0. 87) to measure the reliability of the measurement tool. Pearson Correlation and multivariate regression tests were used to test the research hypotheses and data were analyzed via SPSS22 software. The findings showed that the components of "job stability", "attention to innovation process", "up-to-datedness" and "feeling safe and relaxed" had the greatest effect on the organizational behavior of the staff, respectively. The findings of this study explicitly show that this research has achieved its main objectives which is to identify and to prioritize the components and variables affecting organizational behavior from the quality of work life perspective.

The development of the tourism industry is especially important for developing countries, which have many problems, including unemployment and the single-product economy. In the meantime, Iran has a land of four seasons and a civilization of several thousand years, in terms of unique historical, religious, cultural, natural. For this purpose, considering the high capabilities and potentials of the country in the tourism sector, the purpose of this study was to investigate the development of the tourism industry by calculating the efficiency of this industry in all provinces of Iran separately for domestic and foreign tourists. For this goal, the annual tourism statistics and information of the provinces of the country during the years 2011 to 2017 were used and to estimate the efficiency, a new technique of fuzzy data envelopment analysis was used. The results of this study showed that the efficiency of the provinces in the domestic tourism sector is higher than the foreign tourism sector and among the provinces, only four provinces, out of 31 provinces during the years under study in the domestic tourism sector They have been efficient and no province has achieved one efficiency in the field of foreign tourism in 7 years. According to the results, the development of the tourism sector in both categories through the transformation of infrastructure and extensive publicity at the national and international levels should be a priority for those in charge, and officials can, with special attention to the foreign tourism sector, The development of the tourism sector.

the development of which, the use of advertising methods in modern visual media is a suitable tool. In this article, with the aim of explaining the role of advertising on tourism in Qajar gardens of Shiraz, researchers have sought to obtain research questions on what are the effective components in advertising, prioritizing new visual media and providing appropriate advertising solutions. In order to do this article in the theoretical foundations section based on the study of written works and articles, most of the information has been obtained through field research with direct reference and distribution of questionnaires and interviews. The statistical sample of this article consists of 384 domestic tourists from the gardens to answer the questionnaire, 7 experts for the interview and 30 experts to answer the questionnaire. It is worth mentioning that this research was conducted in 2019. Findings show that among the most effective components of garden advertising are the extent to which media can be used and the extent to which tourists interact with the media are provided, which are more important and play a more effective role. New media, in order of priority are Instagram, TV, websites, location symbols, environmental graphics, Telegram, Apparatus, YouTube, Twitter and Facebook. Among the most important and appropriate solutions are strengthening the knowledge of people's tastes, using graphic design expert groups, providing interactive advertisements, forming advertising campaigns, performing live music and using three-dimensional lighting, which are more important, respectively.

Tourism industry is a context where the gap between culture and economy decreases, since beside its economic advantages, tourism is known for its sociocultural aspects. Among others, ecotourism is a form of tourism which is highly depend on cultural activities and traditional tourist lodges is a recent answer to ecotourists' need of residency. With a sociological view, these kinds of lodges can be a context to the cultural economy where authenticity matters. How could applying authenticity in these traditional tourist lodges, help cultural economy develop? To answer this question, this paper studied the stakeholders' perception of authenticity, using deductive qualitative content analysis. To categorize the semi-structured interviews with 16 owners and 17 tourists, categories were extracted based on Gilmore and Pine's theory of authenticity. Results showed that presenting authenticity in these lodges should be continued in five phases: authenticity before starting the construction, authenticity during the construction of subjective elements, authenticity during the construction of objective elements, authenticity during the interactions, authenticity after tourist's leaving. Owners trying to present authenticity to their guests would help in the development of cultural economy.

Tourism businesses in the country pay special attention to Bounce-forward resilience or sustainability in order to generate their sources of income. But sanctions as an economic-political constraint have led to significant uncertainty and turmoil in many industries, including the tourism industry, and the sudden outbreak of the Corona virus has increased the effects of sanctions on the industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study is identifying the precedents of Bounce-forward resilience of tourism businesses in the conditions of economic sanctions. For this purpose, a qualitative approach was taken to identify those factors and 18 experts who were selected from tourism business activists through snowball sampling were interviewed. Based on the obtained data, a conceptual framework was developed and validated by content analysis method. Then in a quantitative section, the ranking of themes was made with using the weighted average method. The reliability of the interviews was obtained by the two-coder method with an agreement rate of 79%. The findings of the study led to the identification of seven main themes in order of priority, including environmental protection for tourism development, development of social interactions with tourists, development of financial-economic capacity in attracting tourism, development of competitiveness compared to other tourist countries, institutional capacity building in relation to tourist attraction, management of tourism-related processes and development of human capabilities in providing tourism services were organized with 21 themes and 127 basic themes. Finally, suggestions have been made based on the research findings.

Today, a significant number of public purchases are increasingly affected by online environments. In online shopping because of the ability to communicate quickly and extensively to others, any experience can share with a large number of people and affect the company. For this reason, it is better to know the issues that affect the customer experience and try to solve these issues and enhance the company's advantage points. IN this study, we will try to use a netnography approach to find and identify these factors that have effects on online shoppers. We reviewed Alibaba. ir as an example because this company is known as the leader of the tourism service industry in Iran. The results introduced a model of 9 effective factors in the customer experience, including dimensions of service pricing, quality of communication between the company and the customer, website and application, previous experience of receiving services, user support, receiving services immediately and personalized, providing services in other countries, the possibility of canceling the service and control the quality of service delivery.

Health tourism is a very sensitive industry. Considering the potential capacities that exist in the field of health tourism in Iran, it is still necessary to pay more attention to the main factors of the development of health tourism and to take steps in this direction with proper planning. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to use the framework of marketing strategy in order to investigate the important effects of service quality through the mediating role of word-of-mouth marketing and the moderator of customer understanding and recognition (empathy) in the purchase intention of health tourists. This research is of the type of applied research and, in terms of the research method, it is part of the descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of the research consists of tourists and health elites of East Azarbaijan province. In order to determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used for the unknown population. In this formula, first a sample of 30 people from the statistical community was taken. According to the standard deviation of this sample, the minimum sample size was estimated to be 108 people. Sampling in this research was done using simple random method. The data collected by the questionnaire have been analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and PLS and SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that service quality does not have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, and word-of-mouth marketing strengthens the relationship between service quality and purchase intention, and customer empathy and understanding moderates the relationship between service quality and purchase intention.

Iran is not comparable to some countries in terms of the total number of endemic bird species, but Iran's ecosystem diversity, influenced by the three major biogeographical regions of the world, can attract birdwatchers from different continents and countries in all seasons. Most bird species in Iran are dependent wetlands, and the development of avitourism in line with the goals of sustainable development can also be effective in protecting wetlands and generating income for the local communiies. The existence of 41 of the 42 types of wetlands identified in the Ramsar Convention, the existence of 105 important bird areas (IBAs) from the 391 places existed in the Middle East and also the 555 different species in Iran, indicate the development capacity of avitourism. The purpose of this study is to measure the tourism capacity of avitourism in the geographical spread of Iran by extracting various factors influencing the selection of avitourism destination, scoring, evaluation and production of zonation maps. The weighting of the destination selection criteria has been done by SWARA method and ranking of destinations with TOPSIS technique. In terms of "species importance", Golestan, Gilan and Mazandaran, Sistan and Baluchistan, Fars, Hormozgan and Khuzestan provinces, in "species diversity" factor, Khuzestan, Hormozgan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Fars, Mazandaran, Golestan and Tehran provinces, in "access to wetland habitats", Tehran, Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan and Bushehr provinces, and lastly in "all the factors influencing the choice of destination", West Azerbaijan and Hormozgan provinces are in the top of rankings.