JOURNAL OF SPORT BIOSCIENCE RESEARCHES
Year:2012 | Volume:2 | Issue:5|Papers Count:8

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of aging and volleyball experience on the continuous bimanual coordination task. Therefore, 90 subjects were right-handed men and women, all of the three young ages (between 18-40 years); medium-adult (40-60 years) and elderly (over 60 years) and two volleyball groups (with 2 years experiences in volleyball) and inactive groups were randomly selected. Instrument used in this study was to test the bimanual coordination model 32532 Lafayette Company. The test results of three-way analysis of variance showed that a significant difference exists between age youth, adult and elderly (p<0.01). The results of t-test also showed that there is a significant difference between the volleyball and inactive groups in the three age categories youth (p<0.05), among adult (p<0.01) and elderly (p<0.01) ones. It is concluded that by aging continuous bimanual coordination can be decreased. The results showed that volleyball practice at any age and experience as a positive variable effectively improve the performance of bimanual coordination; therefore, volleyball experience and training in the elder people can more prevent progressive loss of function in continuous bimanual coordination.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eight weeks supplementation carbohydrate electrolyte drinking during soccer match on some of physiological and functional factors in elite female players. For this purpose 20 members from elite team of Kermanshah city were selected and they are randomly divided into two control and experimental groups. After taking testimonial and filling questionnaire, primary fasting blood sampling and testing accomplished immediately before and after soccer match (two 45 min periods with a short 15 min break in between). In the double blind fashion, every 15 min during soccer match, experimental group consumed 200 ml carbohydrate electrolyte drink (carbohydrate 7%, sodium 24 mmol/l, potassium 3 mmol/l, chloride 12 mmol/l) and control group consumed the same volume of water. Natural distribution of data evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and levene’s test was used for homogeneity of variances and finally for hypothesis testing accomplished by t-student (independent and dependent) in a=5%. The results showed that consuming carbohydrate electrolyte drinks during a soccer match have significant effect on dribbling skill, speed and agility performance, rate of perceived exertion and heart rate in experimental group.

Research objective: To study the relationship between physical activity and self–esteem, body appreciation and social physique anxiety among high school male and female students. Research method: In present research, 256 male and female students were selected by multistage cluster method, being subject to tests including Rosenberg's self-esteem questionnaire, BAS body appreciation scale, and social physique anxiety questionnaire.Statistical methods: Descriptive statistics was used to adjust raw data, to determine major index of central tendency and distribution, and to construct diagrams. And Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationships among variables: independent t–test and one-way variance analysis ANOVA were used to compare the means obtained and to determine whether the means' differences were significant or not.Results: It was found that there was no significant relationship between physical activity and self-esteem, body appreciation, and social physique anxiety, but there was a positively significant relationship between self-esteem and body appreciation, on the one hand, and a negatively significant relationship between self-esteem and body appreciation with social physique anxiety (p<0.01), on the other hand. Analysis: It is essential to increase and improve self-esteem in any possible way given the influential effects of it on individual mood or effective states. Also, the higher the levels of self-esteem and body appreciation, the lower the level of social physique anxiety, and vice versa.

The aim of this research is studying the effect of model skill level on acquisition, learning and transferring of motor skill with an emphasis on the similarity or non-similarity of pattern. Therefore 40 boys and 40 girls in a range of 9 to 11 years old were selected and according to the results of pre-test have been arranged in 8 groups (1: a pervasive pattern of boys with boy master, 2: inclusive male with beginner male pattern, 3: inclusive of skilled male with skilled female pattern, 4: male pervasive with beginner female pattern, 5: female pervasive with skilled male pattern, 6: female pervasive with beginner male pattern, 7: female pervasive with skilled female pattern, 8: female pervasive with beginner female pattern) and they were tested by free throw basketball. The results showed that the effects of the gender pattern in the acquisition, learning and transferring are not seen. The beneficial effects of model skill level are seen in all results; however, the effect of gender pattern was not seen- but the inclusive model for advanced learning (in both genders) gives the best results.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the physical self-perception of athletic and nonathletic adolescent in Razavi Khorasan State.Methods: 339 boy and girl students of guidance schools (11 to 15 years old) were selected randomly by cluster sampling from Razavi Khorasan State. To gather up information in present research, two questionnaires were used: physical activity evaluation questionnaire, for evaluation of state of activity of subject (athletic, nonathletic); physical self perception questionnaire of Abadie, that included 4 subscales: body situation subscale, muscle flexibility subscale, muscle situation subscale and body subscale, to specify the amount of physical self-perception of subject. The internal reliability was determined by Kronbakh Alpha and 7 professors asserted the content validity. The used statistical method includes independent T-test.Results: The results showed that physical activity has significant effect on physical self-perception in adolescents. (p<0.05) Conclusions: It could be concluded that athletic individuals compared to nonathletic have more positive attitude about their physical self-perception.

Introduction: Vitamin C and E are powerful outside antioxidants that cooperate with internal antioxidant systems in the neutralization of reactive oxygen species and reduce oxidative damage. Another interesting aspect of the antioxidant vitamin supplement is their potential impact on athletic performance improvement. Little information is available in order to investigate the effect of vitamins (E, C) consumption on the performance of Professional athletes' regular intensive training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E supplementation on the fitness performance of some Adult male football players who have been participating in regular exercise.Method: In this study randomized design with two groups pre and post test was used in eight weeks, the double-blind, the effect of supplementing vitamin C and E (four capsules of 250 mg vitamin C and four capsules of 200 mg vitamin E per day) and placebo (four capsules of 250 and four 200 mg capsules filled with malt dextrin) on athletic performance (exhaustion, blood lactate concentration after maximal test, aerobic power, strength extension knee, in both speed of 30 m) of adult football players of Tehran Army (40 people in two groups of 20 persons) were investigated and compared.Results: In both groups, speed, maximum strength, and aerobic power improved and increased time to exhaustion and blood lactate concentration after maximal exercise is significantly low. But comparing the two groups at pre- and post-test showed that there is no significant difference between these groups in any step. Conclusion: Eight weeks supplementation of vitamins E and C has no effect on adult football players' performance.

The purpose of this research is to study the effects of aerobic and resistance activity on the sexual hormones and premenstrual syndrome signs. This study was semi-experimental with 2 groups. At first 100 students addicted to premenstrual syndrome are selected based on questionnaire to show the sign of Premenstrual, then among them 40 students were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups with 20 students. The intense of Premenstrual Syndrome and dense of estrogen and progesterone hormone were examined a week before beginning of premenstrual. Then one group with aerobic activity from rhythmic movements with 50-75 percent maximum heart rate, another group was started with resistance activity with 30% repetition maximum (RM) and every week 5% increased. In the last week 65% reached the repetition maximum. During 8 weeks activity of 2 groups again carried out in 3 sessions. Time of each session of aerobic activity was 60 minutes and resistance activity was 40 minutes. At the end of 8 weeks, again the questionnaire of Premenstrual Syndrome was tested by perfect testing and density of sexual hormones. In this study for changeable comparison inference statistic and t-examination were utilized. The most common signs of Premenstrual Syndrome were Breast tenderness 14.36 rank averages, pain and muscle cramp 15.91 and backache 14.53 during first 2 days of premenstrual and common psychical stimulation, suffering with 9.93 rank, Nervous 9.63 and Lack of interests or lack of enjoyments 9.29. Perseverance activity caused psychical improvement (p>0.01) Premenstrual Syndrome and reduction of Estrogen and growing Progesterone (p>0.01). Just resistance activity affected psychical improvements (p>0.02) and reduction of estrogen hormone (p>0.01). Based on this research, doing aerobic activity on 8 weeks led to the reduction of Psychical activity and premenstrual syndrome and Balance of Sexual hormones are more effective than resistance activity.

Sport media, including television, radio, newspapers, magazines, satellite, internet and mobile, have a strong role in global sport development. If media try to be trustworthy and influential, they can have more effect on sport development. The purpose of this study is to recognize the Superior sport media based on the rate of its influence and trustworthiness on opinion of the society and also to examine the rate of its influence and trust on society. Examining the kind of relationship between media trust and its influence is another objective of this study. Sample in this research, according to Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, was determined 169 female athlete students of Tehran universities who had randomly taken part in Students sport Olympiad. Research method was descriptive and research tool was a questionnaire made by researchers based on the social theories in communication field whose validity and reliability (a=92%) were examined before distribution. Results showed that Television was the most influencing and trustworthy media in sport field and there was a direct correlation between media trust and influence which means that the more trust grows towards media the more influential they are.