BREEDING AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCES QUARTERLY
Year:2017 | Volume:5 | Issue:14 |Papers Count:6

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Immnowall on feed intake, weight gain, food conversation ratio, specific growth rate, total length and survival of juvenile Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum. For this purpose, 300 fish were stocked in three replications at the VENIRO tanks and fed twice daily by 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/Kg of Immnowall for 8 weeks. Results showed that growth factors including: weight gain, specific growth rate, growth rate, feed conversion ratio and body weight index for fish administrated by 0.15 percent Immnowall showed a statistical significant differences (P<0.05) by control. Protein rate increased in probiotic treatment (4, 5 and 6 with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 percent Immnowall in diet) of carcass analysis and showed a statistical significant differences (P<0.05) by control. Moreover, fish fed by 0.05 percent Immnowall and 0.15 percent Immnowall multienzyme showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in higher survival rate than control.

Recently, the use of dietary nucleotides has mentioned in aquaculture, due to improvement in immune system, increasing growth parameters and absorption in the intestine. In general, nucleotides nearly, affect all cellular processes and play an important role in structural and regulatory functions of the body. Nucleotides continuously are synthesis, degradation and recycling in the cell. The immune system cell such as lymphocytes, red blood cells, hematopoietic cells and intestinal mucosa due to rapid metabolism and fast reaction, also need to high level of nucleotide, have a very limited capacity for nucleotide synthesis. In these cells, exogenous nucleotide administration, is very important for normal functions. Over the past two decades, use of nucleotides in diets has been examined for improving the immune system against viruses, bacteria and parasites, liver function, increased levels of absorption in the intestine and growth, fat and protein metabolism, biochemical and physiological functions and improve the stress response in marine animals. In addition, these compounds are important to energy transmission. Their effect on maturation, activation and phagocytosis of macrophages in humans and animals have been reported. There is a little information about their physiological functions in fish and more research is needed in this area.

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of muscle tissue in three groups of salmonids including: Rainbow trout river and farmed (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and red speckled trout (Salmo trutta fario). A total of 27 rainbow trout of river and red speckled trout from the river Haraz and farmed fish were sampled from around the Haraz River. The samples were transferred frozen to the laboratory. The carcass composition biometry was conducted and then the fatty acid profiles were prepared with three replications. According to biometric and carcass analysis (ash, moisture, protein and fat), there was no significant difference between the three groups (P <0.05). The highest amount of saturated fatty acids content of (SFA) 24.85 ± 0.87, monounsaturated (MUFA) of 48.33 ± 1.06 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of 45.95 in river trout, speckled red and farmed there was a significant difference between the three species (p < 0.05). But in the omega-3, omega-6 EPA and DHA, there was no significant difference between species. The ratio of w-3/w-6 was higher than one in all species. The highest ratio of w-3/w-6 were observed in farmed trout 3.30± 0/625, red spotted trout 2.44± 0.458 and river trout 2.36± 0.706. In all three groups of w-3/w-6 was higher than the recommended dose of experts. Based on the results a river trout, farmed and red speckled trout are very rich in nutritional value.

To explore the existing potential of natural food resources along fishes migration path, as a part of biological investigation of Kuttum (Rutilus frisii kuttum) fingerlings in Sefidrud river, benthic macroinvertebrates were studied. Sampling was carried out using a 400 cm2 Van Veen Grab in 5 study sites along a 2500 meter distance from estuary. 6 benthic taxa were identified amongst them Chironomid larvae and tubificid worms were present in all sites. In three first stations Chironomidae, Tubificidae and Sphaeridae constitute, the whole benthic community and in stations 4 and 5 they were 75 and 35 percent of the total macroinvertebrates. Polychaeta (Nereis diversicolor) constitute 25 percent of benthic animals in station 4 and Gammaridae and Cardidae were present only in station 5 and constituted 5% and 60% of the benthic fauna composition. Present study deals determined the diversity and bimass of benthic fauna as food sources for kuttum fingerlings.

Regarding these brief backgrounds on copyright issues in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Waters, 18 species have been identified. Economically important species of fish and fishing, green tiger shrimp (penaeus semisul catus) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea which are found in most habitats, but most of its distribution and fisheries ae in the waters of Bushehr. Banana shrimp (Penaeus indicus) is the second and most commercially caught in the waters of the province. Others such as Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), despite having a large body, due to the low abundance and habitat limitations, cannot be economically exploited. Preliminary investigation of proliferation and shrimp in the calendar year 1363 (1984 AD) by the Fisheries Research Institute of Iran's Bushehr was shrimp investigation center belonging to the country. Achievements of this research work introduced three important commercial species of green tiger shrimp, white Hindi and Vanamy the aquaculture industry in the country. Production of shrimp in the country from, 54 tons in 1373 (1994AD) to 250.5 tons in 1386 (2007AD), was over. Maximum production of shrimp in the country was in 1383 (2004) to 8930 tones of the province, with 5,600 tons ( 63%). Given the diversity of shrimp with a regional vision, reproduction and breeding species can be produced by a variety of conditions with power production of maximum -resistant, disease resistant.

This study was carried out to detect the concentration of heavy metals (As, Se, V) in the muscle, gill and hepatopancreas tissues of female and male sexes of Litopenaeus vannamei in Choebdeh shrimp culture (Abadan) at fall 2015. Sampling was conducted with 4 repeats at 3 pounds by net. After separation of tissues, samples were digested by acid digestion with nitric, percloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The analyses for the detection of heavy metals were carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest concentration of As in hepatopancreas was 5.32±0.008 mg kg (- 1) d.w. The highest concentration of Se related to gill (3.112±0.003mg kg (- 1) d.w.). The highest concentration of V related to hepatopancreas (2.106±0.014mg kg (1) d.w.). The alteration process of As and V in the selected tissues order hepatopancreas > gill > muscle. The alteration process is in the selected tissues order gill > hepatopancreas > muscle. Also significant differences (P<0.05) were recorded between the As, Se and V concentrations in all tissues. In this study, concentration of heavy metals in muscle, hepatopancreas and gills tissue in Choebdeh shrimp farms (Abadan) were lower than WHO standards.