RESEARCH ON EDUCATIONAL SPORT
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:17 |Papers Count:15

The competencies and skills of teachers play an essential role in their efficiency and in achieving the goals of the education system. The lack of a model of the necessary professional qualifications of physical education teachers in Iran has led the researcher to design a model for the professional competencies of physical education teachers in Iran. This research was carried out using a mixed research method. In the qualitative stage, 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 physical education experts in the schools, the data were analyzed by Grounded theory method, 53 items in eleven components (specialized training, personal characteristics, interest, attention to differences, knowledge and skills, creativity, modeling, communication, guidance and safety), and four dimensions (behavioral competence, Emotional, cognitive, and skillful) was the result of that. Based on the findings from the first part of the study, the professional competence questionnaire of teachers was designed and tested. The statistical population was a quantitative part of the research of teachers and physical education experts working in the Ministry of Education. The sample size of the study, ten samples for each item and a total of 430 samples were determined. Statistical methods, exploratory factor analysis and structural equations were used for analysis Data. The results confirmed the exploratory factor analysis of four dimensions and expanded the results by adding the educational dimension. Also, fitness fitting indicators were fitted by structural equations, which showed that the proposed model has good fitness.

The purpose of this study was entrepreneurship educational needs assessment in the curriculum of sport sciences in Markazi Province universities. The process of needs assessment was based on Witkin and Altschuld’ s model (2010). The research method included two parts: quantitative and qualitative. The research population included sports science undergraduates (last year) and professors. The statistical sample of the quantitative section consisted of 148 people and that of qualitative section (Delphi panel) eight people included. Sampling method was random stratified in the quantitative section and acute cases in the qualitative section. The research tools were entrepreneurship educational status questionnaire, and curriculum goals and educational needs questionnaire (researcher-made). The face validity and content validity were confirmed by 10 experts, and the reliability coefficient was obtained based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0. 902, 0. 90 and 0. 840). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the entrepreneurial educational status in the sport sciences curriculum in Markazi Province was unsuitable from the viewpoint of students. The priority of entrepreneurial education needs was related to structural needs, internships, and teamwork skills. There was no significant relationship between the entrepreneurial education needs and current curriculum, and based on the Delphi approach and entrepreneurial needs, educational reformation was achieved at three levels of students, structures and professors. As a result, it seems necessary to review the curriculum and structures at the three levels of education in order to develop entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of personality characteristics on the job-search self-efficacy of graduates of sports science. The study is descriptivecorrelation and applied in terms of the method and aims, respectively. The study was done in the form of field source and the statistical population of the study included graduates of sports sciences out of whom 360 individuals were chosen through random sampling as statistical sample. Measurement tool included five standard questionnaires, self-esteem Chang et al (2018), tolerance of ambiguity Hazn et al (2012), control source Kesavayuth et al (2018) and self-presentation Hart et al (2017) and a job-search self-efficacy of Salehi (2005). For translation validity, progressive-regressive translation validity method was used. Pictorial and thematic validity was also confirmed by 16 sports management professors. In addition, the progressive and regressive reliability and validity of the questionnaire was deemed appropriate. Results analysis was done through structural equations or by means of PLS and SPSS. The results showed that the value of determination coefficient for the internal structure of job search self-efficacy is 0. 830, which shows the appropriate processing of structural model. In addition, five factors of self-esteem (0. 472), tolerance of ambiguity (0. 123), Locus of Control (0. 125), and selfrepresentation (0. 347) on the job-search self-efficacy graduates of the field of sport sciences have an impact. In general, the achievement of this study for sports officials is the necessity of developing policies tailored to personality characteristics for the further employment of graduates in the field of sports science. On the other hand, graduates of the field of sport sciences can provide the context for their further employment by considering their personal abilities and characteristics.

Considering the significance of sport as an important part of education and as one of the primary requirements of human development for achieving perfectionism, physical fitness, physical and mental vitality and ethical virtues, this article assumes modeling the culture of students’ sport as one of the basic axes of cultural policy in sport. Moreover, due to the lack of a model for cultural policy in student sport, this article aims to criticize the existing models and theories in the field of cultural policy and propose an appropriate model of cultural policy for students’ sport in the framework of Thematic Analysis method and utilization of experts including 10 Physical Education managers of higher education, researchers, as well as 30 undergraduates, senior and Ph. D. scholars. The presentation of the domestic model of cultural policy of students’ sport focused on two main themes of structural change (around the two themes of the interface between managerial and structural changes) and the change in public culture toward sport (around three themes interfacing the culture of social responsibility reinforcement, creating a culture of interest in sport and the educational role of sport) models the culture of students’ sport which is one of the most imperative results of this research.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teacher-centered and mastery motivational climate on the physical activity of children aged 8 years. The strategy of this research was semi-experimental and applied regarding to purpose, which was done using a pre-test-post-test design with control group. 60 students from elementary schools in Shahrekord city were selected using available sampling and randomly divided into three groups: mastery motivational climate, teacher-centered and control. In the pretest, the children's physical activity was recorded using pedometer measure. The intervention program was conducted during 12 sessions. Then, post-test was carried out. One-way ANOVA and Mixed ANOVA were used to compare intra-group and in-group effects. The results showed no significant difference between the groups in the pretest test (p>0. 05). The results of Mixed ANOVA showed that the main effect of the measurement factor (0. 0001), the main effect of the group (0. 0001) and the interaction of the measurement factor in the group (0. 011) were significant. The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a positive mastery motivational climate group with teacher-oriented (P = 0. 032) and control (P = 0. 0001) as well as between teacheroriented with control (P = 0. 027) There is a difference. Overall, suggested although the use of a teacher-centered and Mastery motivational climate approach has a positive effect on the physical activity of children, the use of the mastery motivational climate approach is more effective. Therefore, it is recommended for coaches and teachers to use.

One aspect of sports is ethics, necessary to be paid attention. Clubs as a sports institution can proceed to institutionalize ethics in athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify functions of sports clubs to institutionalize ethics in athletes. The research method was qualitative from the type of exploratory one and from the perspective of aim, it was applicable and in terms of method was field research. The statistical population included insightful and informed experts in the field of ethics and ethics in sports. Samples were chosen through purposive and available sampling and snowball method. In this study, 11 samples were interviewed to reach theoretical saturation point. Instrument to collect data was depth interview, whose validity was examined based on accuracy in topic selection, designing, conduct and typing interviews, accurate transcription of interviews, incorporation of questions in interview in a logical order and accuracy in reports preparation. Its reliability was evaluated through retest method, and the reliability coefficient of the interviews was calculated 0/77. To analyze the data, codification was done through MAXQDA10 software. The results indicates totally 26 functions (12 regulative, 8 normative, 6 cognitive functions) of clubs to institutionalize ethics in athletes; So, by cognition, planning and creating some mechanisms for operating regulative, normative and cognitive functions in the sport clubs, the process of institutionalization of ethics in athletes could be facilitated and the ethics of sports clubs could be seen.

Athletes' moralism in sports fields is one of the important issues in every society. The aim of this research was analyzing the ethical attitudes of athlete students: The role of religiosity, gender and type of sport. The research method was descriptive and correlation kind that was conducted as survey. The statistical population of research was Male and Female Athletes of the 14th National Student Sport Olympiad that held in Shiraz in 2018. Statistical population size was 4100 members. According to the sample size determination formula in analytical research, the sample size was estimated at 194 people and after collecting data, 196 full questionnaires were returned and the same number was selected as the statistical sample of the study. Sampling method was available. The research tool was the Lawrence Questionnaire (2013) which after translation and localization, formal and content validity of its was approved by ten sports management professors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of ethical attitude questionnaire was 0. 73 and Religiosity questionnaire was 0. 74 which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for describing demographic features and in section of inferential statistics; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent sample t-test and structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that athletes' ethical attitudes were not significantly different based on gender and type of sport, but in the component of honesty, there was a significant difference based on gender and type of sport. In the justice component there was also a significant difference based on type of sport. Also, the results showed that religiosity has a significant effect on all components of ethical attitude of athlete students. Based on the results of the research model, it can be concluded that religiosity is an effective and educative factor for creating ethical attitudes in athletes.

The purpose of this study was to identification and comparison of values and sport experiences between Iranian generations. This study was mixed method and compilation of phenomenological methods, thematic analysis in qualitative and quantitative methods. The thematic analysis of 35 sources identified sports values framework, which was approved by a semi-structured interview with ten experts. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with 40 citizens from four different generations to analyze the differences in sport experiences, which were sampled in this section purposefully and accessible and completed with theoretical saturation. Also, statistical population for analyzing the value differences was all citizens of Tehran, which 384 of them were selected from four generations by stratified random sampling and completed a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of the thematic analysis. The results showed that there are six groups of Profit-making, Social, Aesthetic, Gender, Health and Global values in the field of sport. There is a significant difference between the generations in profit-making, aesthetic, gender and health values, but there was no significant difference in social and universal values between the four generations. Also, Iranian citizens have experience five categories from sport experience including superior physics, superior spirit, distinction, superior social status, and negative experiences that these experiences were in two broad categories of individual and social experiences. Generally, the positive experiences of sport in the third and fourth generations and negative experiences of it in the first and second generations were more significant, so it is necessary that these differences between the generations are considered by planners and sports managers to provide the maximum participation of all generations in sport.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence training on throwing accuracy, bimanual coordination, balance and refocusing among athlete’ s teenagers. The research method was quasi-experimental and its statistical population was all students of 14-16 years old in ShahreKord city of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. For this reason, 92 Volunteer students (46 boys and 46 girls) were selected with simple random sampling method and divided into two experimental and control groups. Measuring tools research involved the Bradberry and Greaives emotional intelligence questionnaire, refocusing sub scale of Ottawa Mental States Assessment Tool (OMSAT3) and series of motor tests (static and dynamic balance, accuracy, and bimanual coordination). The emotional intelligence training program for teenager athletes was performed during 10 sessions. Data were analyzed with using the consistency of variances, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent t-test at the P<0. 05 significance level. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the averages of post-test in two groups of 4 components of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management), refocusing skill and motor performance (accuracy, static and dynamic balance, bimanual coordination). Thus, it seems that the training of emotional intelligence skills is one important part of mental and motor preparation and necessary to achieve optimum athletic performance.

It is suggested that physical activity has a protective effect against the development of mental illnesses, especially in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of physical activity on the death anxiety and meaning in life in the elderly community of Tehran province. The research design was an analytical type and group comparisons which perfomed in cross-sectional method. In this research, 400 elderly people aged 60 years and older who were recruited to retirement centers and labor houses in Tehran were selected by simple random sampling method and completed Baecke physical activity questionnaire, Templar Death Anxiety Scale, Steiger’ s Meaning of Life Questionnaire. Afterwards data were processed using SPSS-20 software and descriptive statistics and Uni/Multivariate analyses of covariance. In addition, by twostage cluster analysis, the number of optimum clusters was identified and the characteristics of each cluster were evaluated. The results of cluster analysis revealed that there is a direct relationship between search and existence of meaning in life with death anxiety. The cluster with the highest physical activity has the lowest average level of death anxiety. Also, if the level of physical activity is above average, the average death anxiety will decrease to the lowest level. This study highlighted the desired role of physical activity in old age; it was found that high levels of physical activity protect the elderly against death anxiety. The findings of this research can be of interest to public sports policymakers, especially for older people.

The purpose of the study was to identify the challenges in implementing the physical education and health curriculum in first level secondary school, based on Aker Model. The research method was a descriptive-survey one. The statistical population included the experts (university professors and curriculum authors), and the teachers of the public high schools in Tehran. The sample was comprised of 18 specialists selected based on a purposive sampling, 88 female teachers selected based on a multi-stage cluster sampling through Morgan's table and 39 scholars selected based on a convenience sampling. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that was developed according to the Aker mode. The ostensible and content validity was confirmed by 8 scholars and the reliability was calculated as 0. 97, based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in descriptive and inferiority sections, including single-sample Wilcoxon signed test, Kruskal-Wallis rank analysis and U-Mann Whitney test. The findings showed that the challenges include a diverse range of curriculum components, as learning space, time, content, goals, teacher role, and materials and resources. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the policymakers and the decision-makers of the physical education curriculum coordinate the curriculum components with the goals, improve the educational environment and adapt teaching time to resolve the identified weaknesses.

The purpose of this research was designing strategic plan of administration of physical education of the Farhangian university based on the 1404 landscape document. This research is a descriptive-analytical field survey. The statistical community was comprised of 84 heads of campuses at the University of Farhangian Studies, experts consisting of the administration of physical education and the assistants and experts of the general directorate, as well as specialists and elites in the field of physical education at the university of Farhangian affairs. The data collection tools were interviewed and open and closed questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified by professors and sports management experts. The information obtained was based on the views of the Strategic council of 12 strengths, 11 weaknesses, 12 opportunities and 11 final threats. In order to evaluate the normal distribution of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for analyzing the data, in addition to descriptive indexes, we used the Friedman-Matters test for internal and external evaluation. Based on the final score, 2. 56 internal factor matrices and a score of 2. 57 external factors matrices and necessary measures, the offensive was identified as the strategic location of the department of physical education at Farhangian university. Using SWOT analysis, three SO strategies, three ST strategies, three WO strategies, two WT strategies, and a total of 11 strategies were identified and ranked according to the Qspm matrix in three sections of SO strategies and other strategies.

The dissemination of ethical values in today's world is essential. Sport in terms of championship, sport for all, educational and professionalism requires a new approach, requires a new approach, in order to provide ethical development and sporting behaviors. Therefore, the present research has been designed to develop a model of ethical values appropriate to sport in Iran. Considering the qualitative and exploratory nature of the subject, the qualitative research method of grounded theory based on Glaser (1992) method was used. The research sample was comprised of 25 elite experts in the field of ethical values in sport, and sampling continued to achieve theoretical saturation. To formulate the research model, a primary list of factors was identified through a review of the literature. Then qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The open coding results indicated that 58 values could be effective in designing the model of ethical values. In the pivotal coding step, values are classified in seven concepts. Finally, these concepts were combined in the three categories of behavior individual, interpersonal (interactive and interpersonal), and structural (organizational and national) components and so the final model was developed. The findings of this research can be used by policy makers of cultural affairs as well as the executive agencies of sports as a basis for the development of ethical values in sport.

Objective of present study is prioritizing Olympism education approaches regarding cultural and educational criteria of our country. Regarding method, this study is descriptive-analytical and regarding purpose, is practical study. First of all; for determining the criteria of study, fuzzy Delphi method and then the TOPSIS method were used to weighting teachers' opinion. The study sampling was included two groups: 15 physical education experts that have research experience on Olympic, and 300 physical education teachers. Five criteria included knowledge resources, cultural factor, financial resource, efficiency and hardware equipment selected by experts as important criteria. And regarding these criteria's, life based approach with closeness coefficient of 0. 804 had the highest priority between approaches and experience based approach with closeness coefficient of 0. 733 had the lowest priority than other approaches. Between educational methods, combination of values with social challenge of students and educating social issues by using athletes' experiences had the highest priority. Regarding that Olympic education is a new issue in the world, knowledge resources was the most important criteria to choose educational approaches and method. Life based approach was first priority that show the great need to change traditional education system and become more relevant with modern education systems. Also combination of social life with Olympism education and physical education make the educational method more efficient.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of need-supportive teaching style on students’ sport performance, and compared to usual teaching style. Two hundred and eight male and female students at the fifth and sixth grades (Mage = 11/58) selected by available sampling method in badminton and volleyball and they were delivered needsupportive (experimental group 1) and usual (experimental group 2) teaching styles. In the experimental group 1, teachers taught motor skills according to either the constraints-led approach or need-supportive style. In the experimental group 2, teachers taught based on teachers’ usual teaching style. Motor skills were measured in pre-test and post-test stages based on previous research. Game performance was measured through the game-play performance index (GPAI) in the transfer test. The results showed that motor skills were promoted in either need-supportive or typical teaching styles in both sports. However, compared to the typical teaching style, only serve skill in volleyball was higher in the need-supportive teaching style. Overall, game-performance was higher in need-supportive teaching style. Findings supported either the study hypothesized and the self-determination theory preposition in the elementary physical education context. This study also shows that need-supportive teaching style is an appropriate approach in promoting game-play performance.