Introduction: Job stress is related to job satisfaction and personal performance, for example in medical sciences’ jobs and it is considered as one of the components affecting on health and safety. So, this study was performed to determine the relationship between job stress and self-efficacy and public health of nurses and midwives in Besat Hospital.Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study that examined 176 nurses and midwives working in Sanandaj Besat hospital by census in 2014. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire, general health questionnaire (GHQ), hospital stress scale questionnare (HSS) and Scherer general self-efficacy. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 and descriptive statistics and statistical analysis t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: stress in the participants was higher than the average (mean 8.101 of 175 points).There was no significant relationship between job stress and sex, marital status, shift, level of education, type of employment; but it had a significant correlation with the kind of job statistically (P<0.05). In this study, the average levels of public health and self-efficacy was 9.24 and 93.9 respectively. There was a significant relationship between job stress and public health, also between job stress and public health (r=0.42 p=0.001), job stress and self-efficacy (r=0.26 p=0.001), public health and self-efficacy (r=0.48 p=0.001) was positive correlation.Conclusion: Job stress can cause to mental disorders and loss of self-efficacy in nurses and midwives. Meanly, the public health of nurses and midwives was higher than critical point and their self-efficacy was more than the average. Interventional programs for preventing of job stress and disorders of public health in nurses and midwives can reduce the working pressure, long shifts and risk of biological agents and physical factors.