KOWSAR MEDICAL JOURNAL
Year:2005 | Volume:10 | Issue:2|Papers Count:13

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanism by which β-amyloid interact with nicotinic receptors and changes the level of cetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Alzheimer's disease. Materials and Methods: SHSY5Y and PC12 human neuroblastoma and  pheochromocytoma cells were cultured and effects of A β, and nicotinic receptor agonists and antagonists were  investigated. Results: A β 1-42 significantly increased AChE in SHSY5Y cells. The effect of A β was blocked by nicotine and α-bungarotoxin (α -Bgt) a selective antagonist of α 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Nicotine alone had no effect on AChE activity, but acetylcholine, choline and carbamoylcholine all increased AChE activity in these cells. Nicotinic receptor antagonists such as α -Bgt, methellycaconitine (MLA), ecamylamine and dihydro β -erythroidin (DH β E) did not have any effect on AChE activity. In contrast, selective α 7 nAChR antagonist's α -Bgt and MLA in concomitant with 10 µM nicotine, significantly increased AChE activity in SHSY5Y cells, but non- α 7 preferring antagonist, DH β E was not effective. This activation was not seen in PC12 cells. Acetylcholine (but not nicotine) increased α 7 nAChR density in SHSY5Y cell membrane. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that increase in AChE activity in these cells is due to α 7 nAChR.    

Objective: This study evaluated rat knee joint development and the role of cell death in knee joint cavity formation. Materials and Methods: 108 right rat limbs of 13-19 days old embryos were selected, fixed, serial sectioned about 5-15 µM thicked after tissue processing and stained with hematoxiline 8- eosin, a1cineblue and phosphatase acid. All slides were studied with light microscopy. Results: Limb buds protruded on the 13th day of development. Separation primary and end parts of the limb bud by two circular constrictions and hemogen, compact cell mesenchyme without vessels condense on the 14th day of development, have able been  observed. In the 16 day-old embryo, the primary circular constriction became a 3 layer interzone which has 2 compact cellular layers in the lateral side and one noncompact cellular layers in the middle. More dead cells were seen in the middle zone. In the 17 and 18 day-old embryos, the death of cells were seen in the surface of the femur and tibia bones. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that knee joint cavity formation after programmed cell death can be observed in interzolle, but no main factor induced this phenomenon were determined.    

Objective: The present study designed to indistigated the antimutagenic activity of different lactobacilli isolated from yogurt. Materials and Method: Samples of 14 commercial yogurts were hemogenized with Ringer solution and cultured on the surface of MRS agar. The antimutagenic activities of several lactobacilli isolated from yogurt against the potent mutagen, 2-nitrofluorene and examined by the modified Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Results: The results showed that the supernatants, heat killed cells and viable cells of L. bulgaricus and L. acidophilus preincubated with mutagenic factors such as 2-nitroflorene displayed characteristic antimutagenic activities. L. bulgaricus and L. acidphilus cells showed 98% and 64% antimutagenic activities against 2-nitroflourene respectively. Antimutagenic activities of viable cells of Lactobacilli were higher than heat treated cells and supernatants. Conclusion: Further studies will give us more in depth knowledge concerning the total deactivating capacities of these important and beneficial bacteria.      

Objective: In this research the role of adenosine A1 receptors of the entorhinal cortex on piriform cortex- kindled seizures was investigated. Materials and Methods: Animals were kindled by daily electrical stimulation of the piriform cortex. Then N6-Cyclohexyladenosine (CRA), an adenosine A1receptor agonist, at concentrations of 1,10 and 100 µM and 1,3-dimethyl-8 cyclopenthylxanthine (CPT), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM were injected into the entorhinal cortex. Animals were stimulated 5 min after drug injection and seizure parameters were recorded. Also in another group of animals, CPT (50 µM) was injected 5 min before CRA (100 µM). Results: CRA at a concentration of 100 µM decreased the after discharge duration (ADD), stage 5 duration (S5D), and seizure duration (SD), and increased the latency to stage 4 of the seizure (S4L) significantly. CRA at a concentration of 10 µM decreased only SD and increased S4L significantly. On the other hand bilateral microinjection of CPT into the entorhinal cortex at a concentration of 100 µM increased ADD, S5D, and SD, and reduced S4L significantly. Pretreatment of animals with CPT (50 µM), 5 min before CRA (100 µM), reduced the effect of CRA on seizure parameters. Conclusion: These results suggest that adenosine A1 receptors activity in the entorhinal cortex reduces piriform cortex kindled seizures.      

Objective: This project was designed to study the effect of  γ-Interferon on NO release as an indicator of immune function involved in mice lung disease and resistance to opportunist infectious. Materials and Methods: Mice were subjected to interperitoneal injection of different concentrations of cyclophosphamide daily up to five days and left for 28 days. Mice were sacrificed and peritoneal cells were collected by interperitoneal injection of 5 ml cold PBS. The lavage was prepared by inject to and suction of 2ml cold PBS. After 3 times washings, peritoneal and alveolar cells were counted and resuspended in RPMI medium. Cells were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 in air for 2hs followed by three more washing to remove non-adherent cells. Macrophages were fed by 0.2 ml RPMI containing 10 µg/ml LPS and 100U γ -IFN. Cells were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24h. Supernatants were collected and nitrite was measured by Griess method as an indicator of NO. Results: The results showed that cyclophosphamide at low concentration (1.5mg/day) reduced NO release by macrophages compared with the control group (48%±2, P<0.05). While alveolar macrophages showed no significant differences in term of nitric oxide release. Cyclophosphamide at high concentration (4.5mg/day) enhanced NO release by both peritopeal and alveolar macrophages by 70% and 56% respectively. Treating the cells with combinations of LPS and γ -IFN enhanced NO production by 200% and 240% by peritoneal and alveolar macrophages respectively. Conclution: It seems that part of immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide might be due to reduction of NO release. Therefore, based on the positive effect of γ -IFN on NO release in groups which received high dosage of cyclophosphamide, it is supposed to use immune respose stimulators in groups under cyclophosphamide treatment may be warranted.      

Objective: The purpose of this study to evaluated a double blind randomized clinical trial effect of allopurinol in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in comparison to the ofloxacine. Materials and Methods: Our cases (N=56) were randomly assigned to two groups: "interventional group" received alluporinol in addition to the routine antibiotic therapy with ofloxacin (n=27) and "control group" received placebo with ofloxacine (n=29). Patients' scores based on the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Score and four glass test recorded before and after therapy in both groups. Results: The two groups were similar regarding outcome variables. In the first month of the study, a significant but similar improvement in symptom scores was observed in both groups. Conclusion: We did not find any advantage for allopurinol in management of chronic prostatitis versus placebo in patients receiving routine antibacterial treatment.      

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of hyperlipidemia after RT. Materials and Methods: We studied 687 RT recipients in a cross-sectional design to determine the frequency of hypercholestrinemia and hypertriglyceridemia before and one month to one year after renal transplantation and its relation to patient and graft prognosis in two medical centers in Iran from 1988-2004. Cyclosporinewas the constant part of immunosuppressive treatment in all study subjects. Results: One and five-year graft survival time was 94.23% and 81.34% respectively. The prevalence of hypercholestrinemia after transplantation was 59.9% among patients. Mean (±2SE) serum cholesterol levels before and after transplantation were 161.15±3.81 and 213.83±4.53 mg/dl respectively, (p<0.000), and 159.99±13.08 and 196.28±19.6 mg/dl respectively for triglyceride levels. There was no significant correlation between dose of CsA, graft and patient survival time and severity of hyperlipidemia (determined by cholesterol and triglycerid levels) in the study. Conclusions: Lipids metabolism abnormalities found in this study were similar to other studies but we could not specify a relation with patient or graft survival. In addition, there maybe a different rout for development of hyperlipidemia with adverse effect of immunosuppressive drugs in our study samples.      

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate a significant relationship between C-514T polymorphism in LIPC gene and C-514T polymorphism in Tehran papulation. Material and Methods: Serum levels of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-C were measured in 258 men and 287 women. A segment of the gene mentioned was amplified with PCR and the polymorphism with RFLP-NlaIII was revealed. Results: The T allele frequency was 0.164 in men and 0.144 in women. A significant relationship between HDL-C levels and C-514T polymorphism was not found even after adjusting for age, BMI and blood pressure. Conclusion: Our experiment concludes that C-514T polymorphism in Tehran's population is similar to other caucasians. However, we could not find any significant statistical relationship between this polymorphism with low serum HDL-C concentration in this population.      

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluated causes and outcome of neonatal respiratory distress syndromes in NICU of Baqiyatallah Hospital. Material and Methods: The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was evaluation of the causes of neonatal respiratory distress and outcome. 153 neonates admitted to the NICU due to respiratory distress, during one year period, were included in this study. Results: Among these 153 neonates, HMD was seen in 79 (51.6%) TTN in 24 (15.7%), pneumonia and sepsis in 18 (11.76%) cardiac disease in 8 (5.2%), meconium aspiration in 6 (3.9%), asphyxia, hypoxia, and hypoglycemia in 14 (9.15%). The other causes were diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary hypoplasia, anatomical malformation and esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. 117 subjects were discharged in good condition and 36 (24.2%) died. The cause of death was HMD in 67.6%, pneumonia and sepsis in 10.80%, cardiac disease in 8.1% and meconium aspiration in 2.7%. No deaths were seen following TTN. In this study pulmunary causes were the most and HMD was the most common cause of respiratory causes. HMD was correlated with lower gestational age and birth weight. HMD was also the most leading cause of death among various etiologies, which is in line with several previous studies. Conclusion: With respect to our results, by prevention of preterm labour and treatment of affected subjects we may be able to decrease mortality and morbidity of respiratory distress syndromes    

It is believed that the enucleation of a severely traumatized eye within two weeks of injury will protect the fellow eye from sympathetic ophthalmia. I present a case of sympathetic ophthalmia following early enucleation of the traumatized eye. A 32 year-old Iranian man with a history of enucleation of the right eye, only one day subsequent to severe penetrating ocular damage  which had occurred 12 years ago, developed sympathetic ophthalmia in his left eye. Sympathetic ophtalmia can occur despite early removal of injured eye, but its occurrence is extremely rare.