Journal of Veterinary Research
Year:2000 | Volume:55 | Issue:4|Papers Count:28

In this study, in order to observe the histopathological changes of liver, kidney, intestine and gills of Common Carp after using Cupper sulfate 8.5 mg/lit, Zinc sulfate 33 mg/lit, Mercuric sulfate and Cadmium cloride 10 mg/lit respectively for 3-24 hrs., the tissue from each group were sampled. Hematoxylin & Eosin staining procedure was used to reveal the histopathological changes. One of the most lesions of branches which can be occured very clear and evidence was lamellar fusion. Hyperemia, hemorrhage, aneurism, telangiectasis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and epithelial hyperplasia of gills were observed which caused, respiratory problems. The degenerative changes in the kidney consisting of necrosis, hyaline degeneration of tubules and substitution with lymphocytes. In liver, fatty change, hyperemia, hemorrhage, hepatocellular necrosis and infiltration of lymphocytes and phagocytes were existed. There was not any lesion in cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues.

Considering the existence and amount of aflatoxin M1 in bulk cow's milk in Tehran area, the reconstituted milk was contaminated with 2ppb aflatoxin M1 and the effect of lactoperoxidase system "LPS” (Lactoperoxidase enzyme with two different concentration, 10 and 30ppm, thiocyanate 0.25Mm, hydrogen peroxide 0.25 Mm) and LPS plus riboflavin (0.25Mm) on degradation of aflatoxin M1 level were studied. In this study, the level of LPS system was the same as its indigenous level in milk. The experimental samples (4 groups with 15 samples for each group) and control (One group with 15 samples) classified into three separate groups varied in temperature, and holding time. In trials 1, 2, 3 all of the control and experimental groups were incubated in 4oC for 12h, 4oC for 24h and 65oC for 30min respectively and finally afllatoxin M1 level was measured by TLC-Scanner. Regarding to the results of this study, M1 reduction in control groups 1, 2, 3 was 2.84%, 2.78% and 3.14% respectively. The mean rate of toxin reduction by lactoperoxidase system (LPS10) in trials 1, 2, 3 was 51.800, 54.020 and 57.0820% respectively. Whenever enzyme concentration was increased three times in the system, the rate of toxin reduction was slightly increased in away that rates of aflatoxin M1 reduction in trials 1, 2, 3 was 52.680%, 57.460% and 67.460%. Lactoperoxidase system (LPS10) plus riboflavin had more effectiveness on the aflatoxin M1 reduction in comparison with other substances, so that the rates of aflatoxin M1 reduction by this system and riboflavin in trials 1, 2, 3 was 91.600%, 93. 760% and 94.460%. LPS 30 in which enzyme concentration was 3U/ml milk plus riboflavin caused reduction of aflatoxin M1 in trials 1, 2, 3 in the rates of 94.420%, 94.240% and 98.320%. In general, level of aflatoxin M1 is significantly (P<0.05) reduced by lactoperoxidase system and riboflavin.

This study was performed in order to evaluate the virulence of the strains of Candida albicans and the possible effect of isolation source on their virulence. The strains were isolated from human (7 strains) as well as domestic animals (10 strains). The results were shown that although the degree of virulence within each group of isolated strains were significantly different from each other but the difference between the two isolation sources were not significant. Therefore we may conclude that the source of isolation cannot be considered as a suitable indicator in order to determine the degree of virulence in the strains of this fungus and the virulence indicator(s) of Candida albicans remains unknown.

The ability to collect oocytes directly from follicles of mares would allow either in vitro fertilization or in vivo fertilization in the recipient mare to be used as a technique for obtaining foals from older mares with poor reproductive histories. In this study, three mares were used to obtain oocyte using recto vaginal method follicles were obtained using 18 gauge needle and aspiration of 50ml syringe. Aspiration was repeated 36 times in two phases, follicular and luteal. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the number of follicles (10mm) in follicular phase (2.1±0.8) compared to the luteal phase (2.5±1.3). The aspirated vacum of fluid in the follicular phase (34.8±10.2) was significantly different in comparison with the luteal phase (20.1±10.5) (P<0.05). Number of oocytes obtained during follicular phase was more than these obtained in the luteal phase. Aspiration interval in the follicular phase was 14 or 15 days, but in the luteal phase it was 7 to 10 days. Generally, this study showed that the rectovaginal method is a safe and repeatable method for oocyte collection in mares.

Clinical, laboratory and radiographic data was studied from a 13 years old male Doberman dog with asymmetric ataxia, nystagmus, head tilt to right side, vomiting, falling and anorhexia. The absence of physical abnormalities of the tympanic membrane and absence of radiographic changes within the tympanic bulla or petrous temporal bone were the criteria used to make the diagnosis of “Geriatric canine vestibular disease”.

In this study various electrocardiographic parameters were investigated in 100 normal German Shepherd dogs by using standard limb leads (I, II, III). Three hundred recorded electrocardiograms were studied for heart rate, cardiac rhythm, ECG intervals, amplitudes, wave forms (P, QRS, T) and mean electrical axis. Results obtained from this study indicated that: The most common arrhythmias were sinus arrhythmia and wandering pacemaker. The mean of heart rate in lead II was significantly different in dogs under 12 months of age compared with dogs older than 12 months. However it was no signification difference between males and females in all leads. The mean heart rate in age group above 12 months was 111.5±2.34 per minute and in group under 12 months of age, it was 137.65±3.80 per minute (table 1). The shape of P wave in lead I was either iso-electric or positive but it was positive in leads II and III. The shape of QRS in all leads was very variable. The shape of T wave was variable, positive wave in leads II, III and in group above and under 12 months were significantly different than others. Eighty percent of the positive T wave related to group under 12 months of age. The mean electrical axis of QRS was not significantly different between groups above and under 12 months of age and between male and female dogs. The mean electrical axis of QRS complex was 81.97±1.87 degrees (Table 1). This study showed that the mean duration of P wave in lead II, between groups above and under 12 months of age were significantly different. This study revealed that the mean P-R interval in lead III between age groups above and under 12 months were significantly different. This is due to the fact that the heart rate in older is slower that in younger animals. Normal ranges and variations of P, QRS and T waves are presented in tables (2 to 4) and findings of duration and amplitude of ECG waves are give in tables (3 to 7).

Singled-oocyst of field isolated of Eimeria tenella inoculated via gavage at one day old of 20 chicks, the oocysts of infected chicks harvested then sporulated oocysts Were exposed for 2 and 6 hours in Oo-cide and distillated water respectively, it appears that a dilution of 1:20 of Oo-cide inhibits excitement of oocysts. Experimentally infected one day chicks with Oo-cide treated oocysts were carried out; the result showed that oocysts treated prevented excretion of oocysts in feaces of chicks. But mortality and a maximum of 80000 oocysts per gram of feaces was observed in control group. Two pen floors each consists of 15 square meters were selected in Faculty Research Institute in order to house 150 chicks in each of them. The pens were infested by the use of an application of Eimeria tenella oocysts at a concentration of 100000 oocysts to a square meter of the floor. Treated pen was achieved with Oo-cide over the entire area previously infested by oocysts, but the control pen had a water spray on the litter. Oocyst count of a gram of feaces showed significantly increased oocysts output of the chicks which housed in untreated pen.

Arrhythmias are abnormalities of cardiac impulse, conduction, rate and or regularity. Many cardiac arrhythmias are -begin and clinically in significant and require no specific therapy but some arrhythmias may cause sever clinical signs or lead to cardiac arrest and sudden death. The purpose of this study was to review the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in cats which were referred to Pet hospital of Vet. Faculty of Tehran University. Sinus Tachycardia and Ventricular Premature Complexes were the most common in cats referred. From 10 June 1999 to 17 Oct. 1999, the Pet hospital admitted 283 cats. Review of 112 electrocardiographic samples of these cats indicates percentage of various arrhythmias. The arrhythmias observed are as following: Sinnus tachycardia (71%), VPC (21.4%), Sinnus bradycardia (7.1%), Wandering pacemaker (2/4%), Sinnus arrhythmia (2.4%), Atrial Fibrillation (2.4%), Silent atrium (2.4%) escape rhythm (2.4%) and Ventricular tachycardia (2.4%).

CMT is one of the most common diagnostic tests in detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. In this test, there are four degrees: tract 1, 2 and 3. Grade 3 CMT is equivalent to about 4 to 8 million scc/ml in milk. The previous reports have determined that blood table especially WBC and Neutrophils are changed in clinical mastitis caused by Escherchia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae, However, there was not such data for subclinical mastitis in the literature. In this study CMT was performed in 833 dairy cows belonged to 5 herds in the province suburb of Tehran. Milk samples were taken for culture from all quarters with grade 3 CMT and 115 blood samples were randomly taken from 94 cows with subclinical mastitis (grade 3 CMT) and 21 cows without any sign of disease and negative CMT. The results were statistically tested using ANOVA test. There were no significant correlation between subclinical mastitis and changes in WBC/Neutrophils.

In this research 10 rabbits were used in two groups of control and treatment. Chronic treatment of isoprenaline with dosage of 8.5mg/kg for 22 days revealed remarkable changes in rabbit parotid gland. Such as causing of increasing the weight of parotid gland. In the histological studies hyperplasia and hypertrophy of secretion units with the increasing of mucopolysacharide materials were also reasonable. In the special staining the parotid gland was respond to the periodic acid shiff staining but not to alcian blue. At electron microscope level the presence of light secretion granules after treatment instead of dark granules before treatment in acinar secretory cells were determined.

Total and regional length of the vertebral column, spinal cord, allometric growth rate of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column, transverse and vertical diameters of the spinal cord and central canal of the spinal cord, the ratio between gray and white matter of the spinal cord and also the termination of the spinal cord were studied in 12 domestic goose (6 male and 6 female). The results are appeared in tables 1 and 2.

Tilapia are native to Africa and their cold tolerance is a limiting factor for their aquaculture expansion in temperate areas including some parts of Iran. In this study, 207 individuals of Oreochromis niloticus, O. aureus and O. mossambicus were assayed for cold tolerance. The quantitative indicators of cold tolerance used were temperatures at which fish showed certain cold-induced behaviors including disequilibrium (TeD), Loss of equilibrium (TeL) and unconsciousness (TeU). There was intraspecific variation in each trait and phenotypic correlations were evident. Although the total variation within each of the three species was low (CV£57.3%) the relative variation was most in O. mossambicus. O. niloticus was detected as to be intermediate and O. aureus showed the least variation. The interspecific variation was very highly significant (P<0.001) and the rank of cold tolerance in the species under investigation was determined as follows: O. mossambicus<O. niloticus<O. aureus. Parameters such as sex, weight, length and body height did not significantly influence cold tolerance while age had a significant effect on the traits. The repeatability of the cold tolerance indicators were estimated as to be mediocre (r£0.45) based on two measurements in three tilapia species.

This study was carried out since summer 1988, to investigate the filarial parasites of dog of around Tehran. The blood samples of 138 sheep dogs from south, south west, south east, North West and north east of Tehran were examined for the presence of microfilaria using modified knott method. The age and the sex of examined dogs were recorded. To identify microfilaria of Dirofilaria immitis from that of Depetalonema reconditum different keys (Eslami, 1987, other, table 1) were used. Our findings revealed that 1.4% and 8.7% of the dogs harbored Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum respectively. Low number of dogs infected with Dirofilaria immiti.v (2) did not allow us to evaluate the role of age and sex on this infection, whereas there was a significant relation between age and infection with D. reconditum but not with sex using Chi2 test and fisher test respectively.

In order to study of different kinds of gastrointestinal helminths infestation in mice, 120 mice were collected by living traps from semidesert urbanic and rural ares of Kashan. After identification, anesthesia and autopsy of mice the helminths of digestive tracts were collected and counted. Helminths were fixed in 10% formaline and after staining, identification was performed. Sixty eight mice (56.7%) had helminths infestation in Gl tract. Six type Nematodes and 4 type Cestodes were identified. Of 120 captured mice Rhombomys opimus 12 (10%), Meriones libycus 13(11%), Rattus rattus 37(31%), Mus musculus 5(4.2%), Gerbillus nanus 1(0.8%) found infested with different species of helminths. Nematodes: Syphacia obvelata, Aspicularis tetrapetera, Trichuris muris, Capillaria annulosa, Trichosomoides crassicuda, Gongylonema. Cestodes: Hymenolepis nana fraterna, H. diminuta, Mathevataenia Symmetrica, Meggittina for the first time Meggittina was recorded from Iran.

In order to study efficacy of cervical AI (once and twice inseminations) and laparoscopic intrauterine insemination, in egg recovery rate and fertilization rate, three experiments were done. In each of the 1st and 2nd experiments, 5 moghani ewes were inseminated in the external oss of cervix. Ewes had been synchronized by vaginal sponges and superovulated by injections of 800 or 1200 IU of eCG. Insemination was done at 35-40 hours after sponge removal (the times of experiments and the ewes were different). In the first experiment, every ewe was inseminsted with 0.2 to 0.3 ml of semen diluted by skimed milk and in the second one, every ewe was inseminated with the same volume of semen diluted by tris buffer each contained 200-300´106 live motile sperm cells. The maximum interval between obtaining semen and insemination was 3 hours. In the first experiment, every ewe was injected 100 IU eCG immidiately after insemination. In the third experiment 8 Ghezel X Ciucy ewes were synchronized by PGF2a and superovulated by FSH, and divided into two groups. Bothgroups were inseminated by a semen diluted by tris-buffer and contained 100´106 sperm cells/ml. The first group was inseminated cervicaly with 0.3 ml of diluted semen twice, at 42 and 48 h after the last injection of FSH considering heat detection. In the 2nd group, laparoscopic intrauterine insemination was performed by 0.1 ml of diluted semen into each uterine horn at 44-45 h after the last injection of FSH. In bouth groups, 60 micro gram of GnRH was injected immidiatly after insemination (in the first group after the first insemination). Laparotomy was performed on all of the ewes 6 day after insemination, and uterine horns were flushed for recovery of the embryos. In the first experiment, 13 eggs were recovered from 23 ovulations (recovery rate=57%), of the 7 were fertilized (54%). In the 2nd experiment, 11 eggs were recovered in 35 ovulations (31% recovery rate) and even one egg was not fertilized (0% fertilization rate). In the first group among the 3rd experiment (twice cervical inseminations), 23 eggs were recovered from 41 ovulations (58% recovery rate) in which 14 were fertilized (65% fertilization rate) and 10 were suitable for embryo transfer. In the 2nd group of this experiment (laparoscopic insemination), 18 eggs were recovered from 23 ovulations (78% recovery rate) and all were fertilized (100%) in which 11 were suitable for embryo transfer. In conclusion these experiments indicate that cervical insemination may not be a suitable method in supervuiated ewes. In contrast, intrauterine insemination by laparoscopy is an effective method and even in comparision with twice cervical inseminations, it is significantly more effective. Correlation rate (Chooprov index) between insemination method and fertilization rate in the 3rd experiment was 47%.

Evaluating copper status in Urmia, the sheep in the pastures, slaughterhouse and veterinary teaching clinic were clinically examined of copper concentrations in the liver, spinal cord and fleece; ceruloplasmin titers and hematocrit. The results coordinately indicated there is a widespread "secondary" copper deficiency particularly of subclinical in sheep of Urmia.

With regards to important of fish and fish products as important available resources of animal proteins and with attention to the rapid spoilage, it is necessary to open a new window in rapid and economic control of these products. Therefore we have carried out a comparative study on 30 sample of bony marine fish used in the area of canneries and retail in Tehran since 1998-1999 with three methods of assessing their quality control i.e. determination, marco kjeldal determination of total volatile nitrogen (T.V.N) aerobic psychrotrophic bacterial total count (T.C). The content of TMA was affected significantly (P<0.05) by the bacterial total cout of the samples in this study. Regression equation was derived rellating TMA to TC.

In this study ten healthy mongrel dogs weighing between 10 and 40 kg were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups of five animals each. A piece of 4-5cm in diameter from cranial wall of bladder were resected and replaced with fresh and formalin preserved bovine amniotic membrane respectively. The graft materials were evaluated on the basis of clinical, biochemical and hematological examinations. Clinically all of the dogs were dull and depressed and passed blood tinged urine for first few past operative days. Cell blood count revealed the presence of infection in two dogs. However it improved with antibiotic therapy and didn't affect on graft site. The biochemical estimations didn't show any significant changes in BUN and creatinine.

For the purpose of histological study of ovarian follicules of makoyee ewes, from 100 healthy adult ewes, which were sloughtered in Uromia city abbatoir, ovaries collected in different seasons and in each season 25 specimens taken for study. After performing all processes of preparation for sectioning, serial sections were stained and microscopic investigation caried out. Follicular atresia was observed in all kinds of ovarian follicles and on the base of way of commencing of such process, it is divisible in to two categories, i.e. preantral and antral follicles and as such the way of atresia must be different in between them. We observed that in preantral follicles, atretic signs for the first starting from oocyte and its surrounding follicular cells, whereas in antral follicles, such signs were starting from periphery of follicles, specially granulosa and theca cells. We also observed that, in advanced stage of follicular atresia, cumulus cells showing atretic signs too. It is to be mentioned that, follicular atresia is a complex phenomenon and each category of the ovarian follicles may show one or more kinds of such signs. In this study we found that there are not significant differences between mean distributions of atretic follicles in different stages of growth in different seasons of a year, but in each season there were significant (a=0.01) difference between atretic primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. Differences of mean distribution of atretic primary and tertiary follicles were not significant, but mean distribution of atretic secondary follicles were significant (a=0.05) with both of them, i.e. primary and secondary.

In present investigation, the muscular covering of canine's ileum was studied by light and electron microscopes. Five healthy female dogs under general anesthesia and sterile conditions were laparatomized and distal portion of ileum was exposed. From each dog, two samples were obtained for light and electron microscopic studies. First sample was fixed in formalin saline, stained by hematoxyline and eosine method, and examined descriptively at light microscopic level. Second sample was prepared for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study, therefore semithin and ultrathin sections obtained and stained. Semithin sections were examined by light microscope quantitavely and ultrathin sections were observed by low and high magnification of TEM. Light microscopic studies showed routine description of longitudinal and circular layers of muscular covering of ileum. TEM studies showed circular layer composed of a thick portion which located laterally and a thin portion which located internally. Depth of the thick portion was from 21.7+4.4mm to 80+5.7mm and deth of the thin portion was from 1.6+0/46mm to 6.2+2mm. In the thin portion, cell were smaler, spaces between them were narrow and one gap junction between smooth muscle cells was observed. Circular layer of ileum had two distinct portions and the existence of gap junction between smooth muscle cell of them could be the reason of individual functions of them.

The effects of Intracerebroventricular (I.C.V) administration of PGE2, PGF2a and Indomethacin on feeding behavior were examined in conscious rabbits, which were chronically prepared with a cannula in cerebral lateral ventricle. The drugs had dose-dependency short and long-term effects to decrease food intake but PGF2a at doses of 12.5, 75, 125mg was considerably less potent than PGE2 (12, 17, 25mg) and hypophagia occurred only occasionally in lower doses. It is concluded that PGs may have anorectic properties. We suggest that PGs antagonize norepinephrine (NE) effects on brain and they may be antagonistic to indogenous NE transmitter in the medial and lateral hypothalamus and also depress calcium Ions up take and may alter neural calcium fluxes which cause anorexia. Intramuscular Injection of indomethacin in order to inhibit the indogenous PGs causes to increase in food intake.

In this investigation, 1383 sheep were clinically examined in the slaughterhouse during the winter season. Fifteen and eighteen percent of the sheep showed clinical findings of respiratory diseases particularly of coughings and nasal discharges. But, the postsloughter examinations revealed the existence of macroscopic respiratory lesions in 33.6 percent 'of the sloughterd sheep essentially of chronic parasitic pneumoina. Consequently, it should be noticed that at least fifty percent of the sheep involved in chronic parasitic pneumonia could be falsely symptomless.

In order to study of the effects of age, sex, pregnancy and lactation on the concentration of serum thyroidal hormones in clinically healthy Iranian goats, blood samples were collected from jugular veins of 102 native Iranian goats according to their age «1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5 and >5 years), sex, pregnancy and lactation. Variations in the serum concentrations of T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), T3 uptake and FTI (Free thyroxine index) were investigated. The concentration of T4, T3 and FTI in different age groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Age had a significant effect on the serum T4, T3 and FTI of the goats, as in advanced ages, these parameters were lower. The concentration of T4 was higher in female animals as compared with males (P<0.05). The concentrations of T4, T3 and FTI were higher in nonpregnant goats as compared with pregnant goats (P<0.05). In contrast, the concentration of T3 uptake was higher in pregnant animals as compared to nonpregnant animals (P<0.05). Lactation had no significant effect on the serum concentrations of T4, T3, T3 uptake and ITI (P<0.05).