Journal of Veterinary Research
Year:2019 | Volume:74 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:22

BACKGROUND: Antioxidant compounds and unsaturated fatty acids play an important role in improving the immune response and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of antioxidant and soybean and rapeseed oils on humoral immune responses, intestinal microflora and some of the blood parameters of broiler chicken. Methods: A total of 480 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated in a factorial arrangement (2×5) based on a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates during 42 days of age. Experimental factors consisted of different sources of antioxidant (rosemary, thymus and satureja essential oils at level of 300 ppm and vitamin E at concentration 200 mg/kg and without antioxidant) and vegetable oils (soybean and rapeseed oils at concentration of 4 percent of diet). Immune characteristics and intestinal microflora population were evaluated. Results: The use of different soybean and rapeseed oils had no significant effect on antibody titer (P>0. 05) but the use of antioxidants improved immune responses against Newcastle disease (P<0. 01). Also, the use of rosemary, thymus and satureja essential oils increased serum level of blood high density lipoprotein and reduced blood low density lipoprotein (P<0. 001). Furthermore, the concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride increased in without antioxidant treatment (P<0. 001). Also, use of antioxidant treatments caused significant decrease of heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P<0. 05), then these result are consistent with the immune response against Newcastle disease. Furthermore, escherichia coli to lactic acid bacteria ratio increased in rosemary and thymus essential oils treatments compared with without antioxidant treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusions: The use of dietary soybean and rapeseed oils did not have a significant effect on different traits of broiler chicken, but adding dietary antioxidants improved immune responses and intestinal microflora and in between different antioxidants, the use of essential oils compared with vitamin E induced significant improvement of traits.

BACKGROUND: Pacu is considered as one of the major sources of nutrition in the Amazon basin because of its high growth rate, low food expectation and resistance to diseases and the idea of using inulin in its diet can improve the culture of the species. Objectives: In this study the effe0ct of different levels of prebiotic inulin on the growth rate, body composition and some blood parameters in black Pacu was studied. Methods: For this purpose 120 Pacu fish (6. 50± 0. 05 g) were fed with 1, 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic inulin over a period of 60 days. Results: The results showed that the highest percentage of body weight gained, specific growth rate and condition factor were obtained in 3 g/kg inulin, which were significantly different from other treatments (P<0. 05). A significant positive effect was observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) by adding 3 g/kg inulin. It decreased the amount of FCR and increased the amount of PER significantly. Also, there was no dead fish between treatments all during the period and the survival rate was 100%. Addition of inulin to the diet, improved the nutritional composition of the fish and the maximum amount of protein and fat and minimum amount of moisture were measured in 3 g/kg inulin. In hematological parameters, although there were no significant differences in the number of red blood cells, MCV, MCH and MCHC amounts, the maximum numbers of white blood cells and the highest amounts of hemoglobin and hematocrit with the significant differences to other treatments, belonged to 3 g/kg inulin. Conclusions: Addition of 3 g/kg inulin can improve the growth rate, nutrient composition and immunity in Black Pacu.

BACKGROUND: Increasing population and food provision is one of the most important problems in the world, thus aquaculture plays an important role in the production of food and human needs. OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the effect of Celmanax prebiotic on growth performance, hematological and biochemical factors of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss. METHODS: For this study, 780 juvenile rainbow trout with an average weight of 18 ± 2 g were randomly divided into four groups with three replications. 0, 2, 4 and 6 percent of Celmanax were added into diets and the fishes were fed with 5% of body weight for 8 weeks 3 times. At the end of experiment, investigation of the growth indices, blood sampling and serum preparation for hematological and biochemical tests were performed. RESULTS: The results showed that fishes fed with diets containing 4% Celmanax prebiotic had better growth indices (final length, final weight, weight gain, percentage of weight gain and specific growth rate) compared to control (P≤ 0. 05). Comparison between experimental treatments demonstrated that immune indices significantly increased with increase of prebiotic levels in the diet (P≤ 0. 05). So that, the highest level of hemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and neutrophil were related to fishes fed with 6% of Celmanax prebiotic diet. Also, the highest levels of immunoglobulin, albumin, glucose and lsozyme and the lowest levels of cholesterol and triglyceride and cholesterol were observed in fishes fed with 6% of Celmanax prebiotic diet, which showed a significant difference with control (P≤ 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing levels of Celmanax prebiotic in the diet caused an improvement in the growth and immunity system of rainbow trout.

BACKGROUND: Oxidation of lipids results in changes that may affect the nutritional quality, wholesomeness, colour, flavour and texture of food. Canola oil is prone to oxidation because of high unsaturated fatty acids. Using synthetic antioxidant due to the possibility of toxic and carcinogenic effects is limited. Thus, it is important to research on replacing synthetic antioxidants by natural antioxidant. Objectives: The aim of this research was identification of the chemical compounds of Carum copticum essential oils (CEOs) and investigation of antioxidant and antiradical properties by using Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and β-carotene/linoleic acid system and assaying its antioxidant capacity in canola oil. Methods: Carum copticum essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. Anti-radical activity of (CEOs) was investigated by using various methods and then antioxidant was tested by measuring the peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid of canola oil samples containing different concentrations of C. copticum essential oil and synthetic antioxidant(BHT). Results: Results showed that thymol (36. 4%), γ-terpinene (21. 73%) and ρ-cymene (31. 3%) were the major compositions of essential oil. IC50 value of (CEOs) was 21± 0. 2 µ g/ml. In both systems, the sequence of the power of antioxidant activity was BHT then C. copticum essential oil. In addition, by increasing the concentrations, their antioxidant activities were increased. Statistical results revealed C. Copticum essential oil at concentration of 400 ppm (P>0. 05). Conclusions: Carum copticum essential oil is a potent antioxidant for stabilization of canola oil and can be used as a natural antioxidant. It seems that after complementary test it can be used as natural antioxidant in foodstuff, especially in edible oils.

BACKGROUND: In the past decades, medicinal plants were used to enhance the specific and non-specific defense mechanism and to increase resistance to disease. OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Curcuma longa L. on the hematological factors of Huso huso. METHODS: In this study, 90 beluga with average weight of 2. 403± 0. 006 Kg were kept on Shahid Rajai reproduction, culture and rehabilitation of sturgeon for 20 days. This number of fish were distributed in the three groups with the names curcumin, control (+) and control (-) with three replicates. After one week adaptation with experimental environment fish were injected intraperitoneally. In curcumin group 400 mg/kgbw curcumin extract at the maximum volume of 0. 5 ml was used. In control (+)and in control (-) without injection 0. 5 ml of physiological serum was kept just to check fish experimental conditions. Blood was taken at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days post injection. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the amount of red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin and blood indices such as MCV, MCH, MCHC in the curcumin group was higher than the control group (control (+) and control (-)). CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study showed that use of curcumin in beluga has high impact on increasing Hematology parameters.

BACKGROUND: Lactococcusis disease due to Lactococcus garvieae, one of the most important zoonotic bacterial diseases. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cinnamon essential oil and Nisin on the growth of Lactococcus garvieae. Methods: The effect of cinnamon essential oil with concentrations of 0, 0. 25 and 0. 75%, and Nisin 0, 0. 4 and 0. 8 μ g/mL on growth of this bacteria at 4 and 8 ° C during 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days of storage was investigated. Results: The results of this study showed that on samples kept at 4 ° C, bacterial growth was delayed until the fifteenth day using cinnamon essential oil or Nisin, and in the case of cinnamon, the growth rate of bacteria in the ninth and fifteenth days was below 2 log cfu/g. While the combination of 0. 8 μ g/ml Nicin and 0. 75% essential oil of cinnamon postponed growth on the third day. At 8 ° C, Nisin, the cinnamon essential oil alone and in combination (similar to 4 º C) until the sixth day prevented bacterial growth. Compared to the control treatment, the concentration of Nisin and cinnamon essential oil had a significant difference in inhibitory bacterial growth (P<0. 05). The results also showed that the combination of Nisin and cinnamon essential oil, had a significantly higher effect than their single state. Conclusions: Results indicate that Nisin and cinnamon essential oil effectively inhibit the growth of Lactococcus garvieae in the rainbow trout fillet.

BACKGROUND: Ichthyophthiriasis induced by a freshwater teleost pathogen “ Ichthyophthirius multifiliis” is one of the most important parasitic diseases with substantial economic losses to the aquaculture industry. Although malachite green, copper sulphate, formalin, and chloramine-T have been used to treat ichthyophthiriasis, there are no chemicals that can be used safely and effectively to control this parasitic disease. As a result, application of natural, safe and strong components to prevent ichthyophthiriasis is of great importance. Objective: The aim of the present research is to determine the short-term effectiveness of tannic acid (TA) on the parasite theronts of I. multifiliis. Methods: In this study, TA as a main phenolic acid at different concentrations (0. 0-7. 0 mg/L) was applied to determine its acute toxicity against I. multifiliis theronts in various exposure times (1-3 h). The results were also statistically compared to the findings obtained from the control treatment and the positive control sample (15mg/L formalin). Results: There was a significant and direct correlation between TA concentration and exposure time in order to enhance the mortality rate of I. multifiliis theronts. An increase in levels of TA and exposure time in the studied ranges can significantly intensify the mortality number (P<0. 05). The used natural phenolic constituent similar to 15 mg/L formalin led to a significant reduction in number of these theronts (> 80%) at 60 min. Conclusions: Use of a standard phenolic agent such as TA at higher concentration and longer exposure time can potentially decrease the number of I. multifiliis theronts and control ichthyophthiriasis.

BACKGROUND: Free cyanide is a potent toxic agent in the aquatic environment. Freshwater fish are the most cyanide-sensitive group with high mortality at free cyanide concentrations above 20 μ g/L. Exposure to cyanide ions can cause stress, increased mortality and place an appreciable metabolic load on fishes. Rhodanese is a ubiquitous mitochondrial enzyme in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that detoxifies cyanide (CN-) by converting it to thiocyanate (SCN). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to determine and compare the pattern of tissue distribution of Rhodanese in different tissues of four native Barbus fish including Mesopotamichthys sharpey, Tor grypus, Luciobarbus xanthopterus and Luciobarbus barbulus. METHODS: Fishes (10 from each species) with length of 32. 5 ± 6. 5 and weight of 440 ± 110 were collected from five major fishing reservoirs of Karoun River including Gotvand, Shushtar, Molasani, Darkhoine and Ahvaz. Rhodanese activity was assayed by the method of Sorbo in the liver, kidney, gill and intestine. The unit of enzyme activity was defined as micromoles thiocyanate formed per minute at 37 ° C and pH 9. 2 and enzyme activity was expressed as U/mg protein. RESULTS: Rhodanese activity was detected in all tissues studied, albeit in different amounts. Specific activities of Rhodanese (U/mg protein) in different tissues ranged from 0. 135 to 0. 337 in the liver, 0. 113 to 0. 262 in the kidney, 0. 121 to 0. 157 in the gill, and 0. 094 to 0. 162 in the intestine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The highest activity of Rhodanese in all four species was observed in the liver and kidney, followed by the gill and intestine. Our results suggest that Rhodanese may be functional in many physiological activities in these species which needs to be clarified in detailed.

BACKGROUND: As regards the role of the hind limb in propulsion, it is obvious that the tarsus forms a powerful center movement, it begins upon the point of the hock that the powerful extensor muscles which propel the body exert much of their energy. Tarsus injuries of water buffalo are the commonest limb joint disorders. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to an access accurate detailed osteology and radiology of tarsus Khuzestan river buffaloes. METHODS: Ten joints of the five water buffaloes aged approximately two to three years were obtained from Ahvaz abattoir. In addition, the ten normal tarsal joints of five water buffaloes referred to the clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine were examined radiographically. Radiographic examination was performed in dorsoplantar, lateromedial, dorsolateral-plantaromedial oblique and plantarolateral-dorsomedial oblique, and flexed lateral projections. RESULTS: Unlike the dromedary camel, the general configuration of river buffalo tarsal bones and cow shares many similarities; however, there are concrete differences between buffalo and ox on the shape and extension of articular surfaces of tarsal bones. Unlike the ox, the metatarsal sesamoid bone was not noted radiographically in water buffalo, similar to that in horse and dromedary camel. The dorsoplantar view was optimal for the evaluation of articular surfaces and joint spaces of tarsocrural as well as the intratarsal joints. The dorsoplantar view was the best for evaluation of joint spaces of tarsocrural as well as the intratarsal joints, the lateromedial view for talocalcaneal joint, the dorsolateral-plantaromedial view for medial aspect of the tarsocrural joint, and the plantarolateral-dorsomedial view for the plantar aspect of the sustentaculum tali and the lateral trochlea of the talus. CONCLUSIONS: The normal appearance of bony structures of tarsus described in this study provided basic reference data for radiographic investigations of the water buffalo tarsal disorders. ___________________________________

BACKGROUND: As regards the role of the hind limb in propulsion, it is obvious that the tarsus forms a powerful center movement, it begins upon the point of the hock that the powerful extensor muscles which propel the body exert much of their energy. Tarsus injuries of water buffalo are the commonest limb joint disorders. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to an access accurate detailed osteology and radiology of tarsus Khuzestan river buffaloes. METHODS: Ten joints of the five water buffaloes aged approximately two to three years were obtained from Ahvaz abattoir. In addition, the ten normal tarsal joints of five water buffaloes referred to the clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine were examined radiographically. Radiographic examination was performed in dorsoplantar, lateromedial, dorsolateral-plantaromedial oblique and plantarolateral-dorsomedial oblique, and flexed lateral projections. RESULTS: Unlike the dromedary camel, the general configuration of river buffalo tarsal bones and cow shares many similarities; however, there are concrete differences between buffalo and ox on the shape and extension of articular surfaces of tarsal bones. Unlike the ox, the metatarsal sesamoid bone was not noted radiographically in water buffalo, similar to that in horse and dromedary camel. The dorsoplantar view was optimal for the evaluation of articular surfaces and joint spaces of tarsocrural as well as the intratarsal joints. The dorsoplantar view was the best for evaluation of joint spaces of tarsocrural as well as the intratarsal joints, the lateromedial view for talocalcaneal joint, the dorsolateral-plantaromedial view for medial aspect of the tarsocrural joint, and the plantarolateral-dorsomedial view for the plantar aspect of the sustentaculum tali and the lateral trochlea of the talus. CONCLUSIONS: The normal appearance of bony structures of tarsus described in this study provided basic reference data for radiographic investigations of the water buffalo tarsal disorders.

BACKGROUND: Echocardiography is a noninvasive technique that is an important tool in diagnosis of cardiac diseases. Interoperation of the results of the echocardiography is dependent on having anatomical knowledge of the heart. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to prepare the anatomical slices according to the related views in echocardiography. These sections can be used as a model for teaching of echocardiography. METHODS: Six dogs euthanized for purposes rather than the present study were used. The hearts were dissected and then dilated and fixed using formalin 10%. Fixed hearts were then cut to obtain representative slices corresponding to long and short axes of right parastenal standard echocardiographic views which were taken from three healthy dogs. After that, both anatomical and ultrasound images were correlated. RESULTS: The external and internal morphology of the heart were suitable for this study. The comparison of the anatomical slices with related echocardiograms showed a high level of correlation. In the long axis views, the four chambers, the atrioventricular valves and the cardiac septum were visible. The left ventricular outflow and aortic valve were represented in deeper views. The short axis series showed two ventricles and their internal morphology. CONCLUSIONS: The slices of hearts which were fixed using formalin may be used for echocardiography interoperation

BACKGROUND: Population growth and the need for food, especially proteins, have increased the interest in using inexpensive and available supplements to increase protein production. ObjectiveS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Qom region zeolite as a supplement to the histological and histochemical structure of broiler chicken intestine and to compare it with commercial zeolite. Methods: In this experimental study a total of 200 broiler chicks were purchased from Qom poultry and randomly divided into five groups including the control group; the experimental group of Qom zeolite which was subsequently subdivided into three different doses including (Z1 = 0. 5 %, Z2 = 1%, Z3 =1, 5%); and finally the anzymite group which received the commercial zeolite. 42 days later, 10 samples were selected from each group and after tissue preparation, the slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, PAS period, and toluidine blue; then microscopic assays were applied using the Image-j 1. 49f software. Data analysis was done with SPSS 20 and One-way ANOVA and Tukey’ s post hoc test. PResults: The height of the epithelial cells decreased in the anzymite group but the number of mucosal glands and goblet cells increased significantly (P<0. 05). Except for Z1 group in other Qom zeolite treatment groups (Z2 and Z3), the number of goblet cells increased significantly (P<0. 05). Therefore, the effect of zeolite higher than 1. 5% may be comparable with anzymite. Conclusions: Our results showed that zeolite does not have any effect on increasing the absorption rate of the small intestine, but could stimulate the function of goblet cells and intestinal glands, so Qom zeolite with higher percentage could have the same effect as anzymite

BACKGROUND: Honey bee Chalkbrood disease is a fungal disease that is distributed in apiaries in the north provinces of Iran. Chalkbrood causative agent is Ascospaharea apis that can survive in colonies products for many years. Many chemical materials are used for control of Chalkbrood disease in honeybee colonies that can make some problems in honeybee consumer products, so that survival of safe material and methods for honeybee colonies treatments is a important aim in honeybee research field. OBJECTIVES: In this study antifungal effects of the Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum on the Ascospharea apis causative agent of honey bee Chalkbrood disease is examined. METHODS: Simultaneous inoculation, Agar spot, Confrontation assay, Overlay assay methods are used. LABs are cultured in MRS and A. apis is cultured in SDA media. RESULTS: L. casei and L. acidophilus had moderate effects on the A. apis growth, but B. bifidum and LABs cell free supernatants(CFS) could not inhibit growth of this fungi. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this survey show that LABs have antifungal activities on the honey bee Chalkbrood disease agent in culture medium and may be used as an alternative method for control of this disease in the honeybee colonies.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of Campylobacter associated food-poisoning has gradually increased and it is considered to be the major cause of widespread infectious disease of the recent century. Although the poultry are the most important reservoirs and source of transmission of Campylobacter to human, urban wild birds like the ducks with faecal contamination of environment cannot be excluded from being the contributing source of Campylobacter spp. for human and animals. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the faecal contamination of C. jujuni and C. coli in urban ducks in the North of Iran. Methods: From March to April 2016, a total of 75 stool samples were collected from urban ducks in Sari, Amol, Ghaem Shahr and Babol, Mazandaran province, Iran to evaluate the presence of Campylobacter spp. using triplex PCR. 16srRNA, mapA and ceuE genes were targeted for Campylobacter spp., C. jujuni and C. coli respectively. Results: 13 of 75 samples (17. 33%) were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Faeco prevalence of C. jujuni and C. coli was 84. 6% and 15. 4%. The prevalence of C. jujuni was significantly more (p< 0-0. 5). Conclusions: The results of this study have shown prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in urban ducks in the North of Iran is relatively high and may be considered a potential risk factor for human Campylobacteriosis in Iran, especially in children

Different species of Panicum have been reported as a cause of photosensitization in sheep, horses, cattle and goats. P. miliaceum grows across different regions of Iran. This plant may contain toxic levels of hepatotoxic steroidal sapogenins. Sapogenins are metabolized in animals to glucuronide conjugates of epsimilagenin which are crystallized in bile, leading to biliary blockage, cholangitis and secondary photosensitization. An outbreak of poisoning was observed in a flock of 170 fat-tailed sheep grazing on pasture of proso millet (P. miliaceum) in Birjand, South Khorasan province of Iran. Affected animals showed tachycardia and tachypnea. Anorexia, reduced rate and amplitude of ruminal movements up to ruminal stasis were observed. Severe head swelling and marked icterus in mucous membranes were observed. Seven affected sheep died. Serum biochemical parameters were analyzed. Marked elevation of BUN, total bilirubin, and the activities of GGT and high level of Ca2+ were observed in comparison with normal ranges. High levels of GGT activity indicates biliary lesions and BUN elevation in serum is probably due to renal failure and both are consistent with exposure to P. miliaceum