Koomesh
Year:2016 | Volume:18 | Issue:1 (61)|Papers Count:39

Introduction: Cancer is the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and accidents. Patients with cancer do not have a good quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was investigating the state of quality of life in cancer patients in Iran, using the meta-analysis method.Materials and Methods: The search was done using keywords: Quality of Life, Cancer and Iran in the foreign databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, ISI, Google Scholar and native databases such as Sid, Medlib, Iranmedex and Magiran. Data was analyzed using meta-analysis (Random Effects Model). The heterogeneity of the studies was investigated using I^2 index. Data was analyzed using STATA Ver.11 software. SF-36, E-Q-C-30, TNO-AZL, WB-26, BR23-C 30 and QOL-BC questionnaires were used in the investigations.Results: Among the 17 accomplished studies in Iran with the sample size of 1476 from year 2003 to 2015, the average quality of life score for cancer patients in Iran was 42 (confidence interval 95%: 34.05 to 49.96) and in men and women were 28.90 and 30.61, respectively. The average quality of life score for the emotional aspect were 55.20, social 40.8, mental health 36.50, physical health 38.17, respectively. The prevalence of quality of life as good, fair and bad were 47%, 34% and 9%, respectively.Conclusion: The average quality of life score of cancer patients is higher in women in compare to men.

Introduction: Since the majority of colorectal cancers originate from polyps in the area, therefore, the investigation of the immunological gene expression in colon polyps can be used as a factor for the detection of genetic and pathological differences in polyps. The aim of this study was investigating the expression of CD86 gene in colorectal polyps and its association with malignancy.Materials and Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study during (2012 to 2014), forty-nine biopsy samples were collected during colonoscopy from the patients with colorectal polyps and ten healthy subjects for normalization. A questionnaire including clinical and demographic data was filled out for all cases. Mucosal mRNA expression of CD86 gene was investigated using Real-Time PCR and Fold Change of gene expression (2-DDCt) method.Results: A total of 49 patients including 27 (55.2%) male and 22 (44.8%) female with mean age of 53±15.3 were evaluated in this study. Adenoma and hyperplastic polyps were reported in 69.3% and 30.7% patients respectively. More than 90% of adenomatous polyps were spread out to the colon while the others were located in the rectum. Based on Relative Quantitation method, over-expression of CD86 genes in colon polyps were observed (Polyp ≥2-fold normal) and down-expression of CD86 in rectum polyps were noticed in comparison with normal samples (Polyp≤0.5-fold normal).Conclusion: Comparing mRNA expression level of CD86 gene in colon polyps with the profile of mRNA expression of polyps in the rectum indicates the presence of distinct molecular and immunological mRNA expression between polyps of these two sites.

Introduction: Regarding to the importance of foot in maintenance of balance, it seems that flat foot can affect complex postural and balance control. In this study dual-task paradigm has been used to investigate the amount of attention needed for balance controlling in patients with flat foot than subjects with normal foot arch.Materials and Methods: 30 participants (15 male &15 female, mean ages 22.30±2.61 years) with flat foot and 30 participants (15 male & 15 female, mean ages 22.30±1.70 years) with normal foot arch were placed in two groups. Static & Dynamic balance tests were performed by Biodex Balance System SD under condition of single leg stance, in two forms of open and closed eyes. Measured parameters were total, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral stability indices.Results: The within group comparison of single and dual tasks in control and flatfoot groups in static (open & closed eyes) and dynamic (open eyes) balance tests did not show any significant differences (P>.0.05). The within group comparison of single and dual tasks in two groups in dynamic balance condition with closed eyes showed significant differences (P<0.05). The between group comparison of control and flatfoot groups in single and dual tasks in static (open & closed eyes) and dynamic (open and closed eyes) balance tests did not show any significant differences (P<0.05).Conclusion: The participants with flat foot have equal attentional demands in balance control compared to participants with normal foot arch.

Introduction: Studies show that ethanol can induce changes in proteomic profile of human fibroblast cells. Some of these proteins are important in promoting cancer. Thus, analyzing function and interaction networks of these proteins are essential for better understanding the carcinogenesis mechanism of ethanol.Materials and Methods: In this study the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) of six significant down-regulated proteins in human fibroblast cells (HFFF2) treated with ethanol were analyzed by using Cytoscape software and its algorithms.Results: PPI network analysis showed that the constructed network consisted of 756 nodes and 1166 edges. Results indicated that Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 with degree = 528 and Between ness Centrality = 0.74 is a hub protein that ethanol can alter its expression. In addition, module evaluation showed that the hub protein has a key role in different overlapped complexes. On the other hand, annotation studies by using DAVID program indicated that this protein is involved in different important biological processes in the cell.Conclusion: The six down-regulated proteins treated with ethanol may become carcinogenic and can impose vast alterations in other vital biological processes of the cell. Among them, Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 is the most important one.

Introduction: Many hemodialysis patients suffer from poor sleep quality. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between therapeutic' hemodialysis shifts with sleep quality in patients' undergoing hemodialysis.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study and participants were selected by available method, including 90 hemodialysis patients in Semnan who were undergoing hemodialysis in fixed morning, evening or night shifts for at least 3 months. Inclusion criteria included age over 18 years and hemodialysis 2-3 times per week for 3 hours or more per session. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results: In this study 54.4% of participants were male and the rest were female. Patients (33.3%) had good sleep quality and 66.7% had low sleep quality. Variable analysis showed a significant correlation between quality of sleep and sex (P=0.01), marital status (P=0.009), number of children (P=0.012) and dialysis' shift (P=0.003). The effect of simultaneously variables in the logistic regression showed that the risk of low sleep quality in women versus men was 3.75/1, evening' versus morning shifts was 5.25/1 and night' versus morning shift was 4.13/1. Also, for each additional offspring, the risk of low sleep quality was increased to 1.33/1.Conclusion: Findings in this study showed that sleep quality in patients that are hemodialyzed in morning shift was significantly better that the other shifts. These findings may help for arranging the situation to choose the most appropriate therapeutic shift for hemodialysis patients, especially for those who suffer from poor quality sleep.

Introduction: Triple vulnerability model focuses on the interaction of three types of vulnerabilities in development and maintenance of emotional disorders. Despite the prominence of this model, there is not enough research done to assess its experimental validity. The aim of this study was to evaluate vulnerability factors of generalized anxiety disorder based on triple vulnerability model.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 320 students from Tabriz University (Iran) were selected by cluster sampling and responses to NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Anxiety Control Questionnaire-revised, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorders Questionnaire-IV. Analysis was performed using structural equation modeling.Results: Evaluation of hypothetical model using fit indices showed that the hypothetical model fitted with the measurement model. The results showed that neuroticism and extroversion have significant effect on generalized anxiety disorder by mediation of lack of perceived control and intolerance of uncertainty. In addition, hypothetical model was a better fit in compare to the alternative models.Conclusion: our result, along with the support of triple vulnerability model for generalized anxiety disorder, proposes a suitable framework for the etiology of this disorder.

Introduction: Endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) were identified for the first time in 2004. These cells are capable of extensive self-renewal and have the potency to differentiate into chondrocyte, osteocyte, adipocyte, neuron and oligodendrocyte. PI3K/Akt signaling has been implicated in multiple cellular and organ functions, including differentiation, survival and cell death and its inhibition leads to cell differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differentiation of endometrial stem cells into neural cells by inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway using small molecule Ly294002.Materials and Methods: Endometrial tissues were treated enzymatically and segregated cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 with 10% FBS. The flow cytometry analysis was perfomed for CD105, CD90, CD146, CD31 and CD34 at the third passage. Then the neurogenic differentiation was evaluated at the third passage, 21 days after induction with differentiation media. Immunocytochemistry and Real-time PCR were performed to investigate the expression of specific neural stem cells markers.Results: The flow cytometry analysis showed that EnSCs were positive for CD90, CD105 and CD146 and negative for CD31 and CD34. Immunocytochemistry showed that the expression of nestin, NF and Chat neuronal markers in the cells treated with small molecule Ly294002. Real-time PCR also indicated expression of NF and Chat neuronal markers at the mRNA level.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study it can be concluded that the EnSCs have neural differentiation potency in the suitable differentiation milieu. Ly294002 small molecules by inhibiting PI3K / Akt pathway possibly can prevent cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation.

Introduction: Campylobacter spp. is the major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, called campylobacteriosis, in the worldwide. Post-infectious complications of this infection are reactive arthritis and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Despite the importance of this infection, the isolation of fastidiousbacteria cannot be performed in most clinical laboratories. The aim this study was to design an alternative transport medium with mCCDA and evaluation the bacteria survival time into this medium, optimization of culture conditions of bacteria and then performance of direct duplex-PCR on colonies and stool samples. Finally, the results of the PCR and culture were compared.Materials and Methods: Fifty eight children suspected to campylobacteriosis were enrolled in this study. Fecal specimens were inoculated in depth inside the altered transport medium with mCCDA and then sent to laboratory. The specimens from transport media were cultured on two media of mCCDA & brucella agar daily and up to 7 days. Each plate was evaluated for bacterial growth up to 72 hours. The duplex-PCR on colonies and stool were carried out directly.Results: Total of isolated bacteria in this study was 9 cases (16%). The colonies were visible on the media after 48 to 72 h. The duplex-PCR assay on colonies detected 8 isolates of C. jejuni and 1 isolate C. coli. The results of the direct duplex-PCR on fecal specimens and cultures were the same.Conclusion: The results indicate that the presented method in this study with sensitivity equal to the PCR is useful for isolation of Campylobacter spp. It seems that using the changed transport medium and optimization of bacterial culture conditions will be isolated these fastidiousbacteria better than basic transport media.

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii infection is usually detected by using immunoglobulin IgG and IgM antibodies in different populations. This parasite is implicated in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease (CD). In the present study the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis and the level of IL8 in patients with Celiac disease were evaluated.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study in 2013, 150 patients with CD diagnosis were selected by using questionnaire and the presence of antibodies specific for Toxoplasma gondii (IgG, IgM) was detected by ELISA. On the other hand the level of IL8 was detected using available commercial kit.Results: patients (n=59, 39.9%) were positive for anti-toxoplasma IgG. On the other hand, only 2 of them were positive for IgM antibodies, which did not show statistical correlation to the disease (1.4%, P=0.65). The mean level of IL8 was 176.38 (SD=191.79) in 150 CD patients, which did not show a statistical significant correlation between the mean level of IL8 and celiac disease (P=0.001)Conclusion: Like other studies showing that intestinal infection can help to develop celiac disease in susceptible individuals, our results also revealed that Toxoplasma gondii infection can increase the risk of developing celiac disease.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in pancreatic islets of Langerhans. To develop efficient treatments for T1D, it is required to identify suitable therapeutic markers. Systems biology offers approaches to better understanding of functional elements in the disease. Our aim was to investigate larger number of candidate markers in T1D by topological analysis of constructed PPI based on gene expression.Materials and Methods: In this study, gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children was prepared from Gene Expression Omnibus and analyzed to get differentially expressed genes. Then, these genes were mapped to PPIs data to construct related subnetwork. Five topological features were calculated by Cytoscape software. Finally, degree, betweenness and closeness centrality features were utilized to identify candidate markers.Results: 2467 differentially expression genes were obtained by statistical analyzing of gene expression profile in which 1024 were upregulated and 1443 were downregulated. After mapping these genes on PPI network, there was constructed subnetwork with 949 nodes and 1776 edges. By topological analysis of the subnetwork, we determined high degree nodes (hub) and high betweenness nodes (bottleneck). Then, 9 hub-bottleneck proteins that were more central (high closeness centrality) in the subnetwork were identified and introduced as candidate markers.Conclusion: The obtained markers from network via systemic view can be considered as new diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for T1D.

Introduction: Determining disease progression process and its affecting factors are of the most important issues in controlling the disease. This study aimed to predict the breast cancer progression as well as assessing the relationship between demographical and clinical factors.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 527 Iranian females with breast cancer who underwent surgery, from 1995 to 2013 using checklists. The effect of the factors on death and tumor recurrence was assessed by log-normal model fitted into each transition of illness-death model which were used to investigate the relationship between demographic and clinical factors and survival time. Data analysis was performed using statistical R software version 3.1.1. The significance level of 0.05 was considered.Results: Evaluating the hazard of death without recurrence, the risk of death in patients over 50 years were higher than those under 50 (P=0.01). A tumor size of 2-5 cm was introduced as a death factor in recurrent patients (P=0.01). Age and type of tumor did not impact the hazard. Log-normal distribution was chosen for downtime between steps.Conclusion: Based on the results, age at diagnosis had significant impact on the risk of death before the first recurrence. Tumor size had a significant effect on death after tumor recurrence. In addition, Log-normal and disability models are appropriate tools to identify the factors influencing survival of patients with breast cancer.

Introduction: The state of health and illness in each of physical or mental dimensions can influence on the other dimension. Thus, it is essential to study interaction between physical deformities and mental variations. Nevertheless, this issue already is not considered sufficiently. The objective of present research was to study the relationship between deformities of the spine including forward head and thoracic hyper-kyphosis with body image in non-athletes females.Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty non-athletes female who their ages ranged from 25 to 30 years old, were participated in this study. These participants were divided into two groups, with each group had 60 members and were associated with one of the deformities including forward head and thoracic kyphosis. The angle of thoracic kyphosis was measured by flexible ruler and forward head was measured by photogrammetry method.Results: Data in both descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 19. The relationship between the spine deformities was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results show that although there was a significant relationship between body image and kyphosis abnormality in non-athlete girl student (r=0.951, p=0.008) but there was also no significant relationship between body image and forward head (r=0.29, p=0.21).Conclusion: It seems that in deformities such as thoracic kyphosis that is physically evident and is well known by most people; body image weakness is more. So, lack of awareness about forward head posture may decrease the person’s sensitivity to their appeareance. Although psychological, economical, business, lifestyle and cultural as well as factors other relevant factors most be considered.

Introduction: Immunotherapy has been practiced for more than two decades in the treatment of cancer. In this method, monoclonal antibodies bind to tumor specific antigens and inhibit their function. Therefore, scientists are looking for special targets on cancer cells that can be differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. In some cancers, including breast cancer human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is significantly higher than the normal level. The goal for this project was to obtain expression with high quality of HER-2 with high activity in yeast expression system and its use in future studies.Materials and Methods: In order to express the extracellular domain of the HER-2 receptor we have used pPICZa and Pichia pastoris wild type X33 as a sequence vector and host cell respectively. Expression of HER-2 was analyzed using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis 7% and accuracy of expression was confirmed by ELISA.Results: The expression of Her-2 antigen was evaluated by 7% SDS-PAGE with 185 KDa protein ladder. The results indicated that the expression of Her-2 antigen has been increased by IPTG induction. Moreover, the activity of Her-2 antigen was studied by ELISA technique using commercial anti Her-2 monoclonal antibody (Herceptin) and Her-2 antigen has shown high affinity to Herceptin.Conclusion: In this study, we have produced the Her-2 antigen in yeast expression system. With regards to yeast expression system advantages including secretory expression, protein folding, protein glycosylation, and activity of expressed protein in a wide range of pH, the Her-2 antigen which expressed in yeast host has great quality and will be used in future studies

Introduction: Recently, an increased demand for nondairy probiotic products comes from the vegetarians, those with lactose intolerance and high cholesterol blood content in dairy products. In this research, the effects of adding different probiotic strains to the Aloe vera drink were studied on biochemical and microbiological specifics during refrigerated storage.Materials and Methods: About 7% of any cultured single strain probiotic (Lactobacillus (L) acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus fermentumor Lactobacillus plantarum) were added to Aloe vera juices. Samples were studied in 7 days intervals throughout 21 days of storage at 5oC. pH and redox potential values were measured by pH-meter. Titrable acidity value was determined by titration with 0.1 N NaOH. Probiotic bacteria were enumerated using MRS-agar medium.Results: The highest and lowest biochemical changes were observed in treatments with L. reuteri and L. acidophilus, respectively. Therefore, different types of inoculated probiotic strains, with different ability in fermentation at refrigerated temperature, had effects on the amount of the biochemical changes during storage. The most probiotic viable counts in treatments with L. acidophilus were observed at the end of storage.Conclusion: Probiotic viability was improved in Aloe vera juices probably due to high amounts of nutrients such as aminoacids, proteins, sugars, vitamins, phenolic compounds and antioxidants. L. acidophilus and L. fermentum are suitable choice to use in Aloe vera drink.

Introduction: Methamphetamine (METH) is a known abused drug which could induce cardiotoxicity. Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor that is used in hypertension therapy and has known antioxidant effects. In this study we evaluated the effect of captopril against METH-induced toxicity in rat heart isolated mitochondria in hyperthermic condition.Materials and Methods: Mitochondrial fractions were isolated from heart of Wistar rat with different centrifuge technique. Then, heart isolated mitochondrial were exposed to METH (LC50, 250mM) and captopril (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mM) and incubated at 37 and 41 C. After 1 h incubation, mitochondrial damage was assayed by MTT test. Also, oxidative stress markers were measured.Results: Our results showed that METH significantly induced mitochondrial damage that was more pronounced in hyperthermic condition. Increased oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species formation and glutathione oxidation in the heart isolated mitochondria were observed after METH exposure that was more significant at 41 c than 37 C. Captopril significantly inhibited METH–induced oxidative stress in the heart isolated mitochondria. Also, captopril pretreatment significantly improved mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial swelling also increased after METH exposure, but was significantly decreased with captopril pre-treatment.Conclusion: These results suggested that captopril could ameliorate METH-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction especially in hyperthermic condition. Therefore, the effectiveness of this antioxidant should be evaluated for the treatment of METH cardiotoxicity.

Introduction: Plantar flexor muscles produce propulsive force in the second half of stance phase; deficient motor output from these muscles would lead to inadequate propulsion at push off phase of gait following stroke. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of walking on a treadmill at varying speeds on ankle muscle activation in stroke survivors and to compare the effect of increasing speed on plantar flexor muscle activity in subject groups in relation to spasticity severity.Materials and Methods: Nineteen stroke survivors (13M/6F) walked on a standard treadmill at three different speeds (self-selected, self-selected+20%, self-selected+40%). The electromyographic activity of Medial Gastrocnemius (MG), and Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles recorded at push off phase of the gait.Results: In the high spasticity subgroup (Tardieu scale ≥2), paretic MG activity increased as walking speed increased (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our data indicates that individuals with stroke can be safely trained on a treadmill to walk 20-40% above the self-selected pace to improve MG output without adversely affecting TA output.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common causes of chronic renal failure of children. Therefore diagnosis of predisposing factors have an important role to prevent renal damage. This Study was performed to investigate the association between idiopathic hypercalciuria and urinary tract infection in children 1-14 years of age admitted to Amiralmomenin hospital of Semnan (Iran).Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study in which 75 children with UTI (without renal stone and urinary tract malformation) and a control group of 75 children without UTI were investigated. We measured random urine calcium to creatinine ratio in these children. In order to ruled out of secondary hypercalciuria, serum calcium, phosphor alkalene phosphatase, venous blood gases also were measured.Results: 67 out of 150 patients (89.3%) were females and the rest were males. The mean (± SD) age of children with UTI were 3.83±2.78 years and in control group were 3.88±2.88 years which the difference was not significant (p = 0.907). Idiopathic hypercalciuria in 40% (n=30) of children with UTI and 13.3% (n=10) of children without UTI was found (P<0.001, CI: 1.81-10.60, OR=4.33). The number of male children affected by UTI with hypercalciuria were significantly more than girls with UTI and hypercalciuria (p<0.001).Conclusion: Based on results of this study, idiopathic hypercalciuria has a significant correlation with UTI in children and investigation of urinary calcium excretion in children with UTI is recommended.

Introduction: One of the problems in chemical dosimeters such as Trimesic acid is the liquid environment which makes it difficult to use. Chemical dosimeter merged into a bed of gel can help to partly overcome this problem. According to the importance of stability of dosimeter response after irradiation, in this study, the parameters of gelatin- Trimesic acid dosimeter in the range of doses of a one fraction of radiotherapy was assessed in days one, two, three and four after irradiation.Materials and Methods: After the gel construction at a concentration of 1 mM and a pH of 2.2, it was poured into Perspex vials which opening was tight with parafilm and wrapped in an aluminum foil to eliminate light and was divided into 5 groups to be irradiated with 6 MV photons of linac 24h after the gel synthesis. To do so, vials were place at the isocenter of the linac in a SSD of 100cm and field size of 10×10 cm2. The delivered doses were from 0-200 cGy and vials were kept at the temperature of 4˚C after the irradiation. The procedure of reading the vials were performed using a spectroflourimeter (Jasco 6200) from one to four days after irradiation in excitation wavelengths of 370, 380, 390, 410, 420 and 450 nm.Results: After obtaining the emission spectrum from the spectroflourimeter, the emission spectrum was analyzed and it was found that there is a peak in the wavelengths of 377, 387, 396, 416, 427 and 457 nm seen in one day after irradiation and the most stable response belongs to the first day after irradiation.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the combined gelatin- Trimesic acid dosimeter in the first day after irradiation has the highest and most stable response and according to its characteristics, has the potential to be assessed as a clinical dosimeter.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third causes of cancer death in the world. Recent studies have shown that the serum levels of visfatin are increased during malignancies, suugesting a role for vistatin in pathogenegis of malignancies. It is suggested that conjugated linoleic acid, (CLA) can reduce the serum levels of vistatin. The aim of this syudy was to study the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on serum visfatin level in rat model of colorectal cancer.Materials and Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats, weighing 250-300 g were divided into two groups: control and experimental. Both groups were injected subcutaneously, with 1, 2- Dimethyl Hydrazine at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight, twice per week for 6 weeks. The control group and experimental groups were gavaged with water (2 ml/kg) and CLA (200 mg/kg), respectively, for the first 4 weeks of study. After 6 weeks, the rats were killed and their blood and colorectal tissues were collected in order to analyze serum visfatin, tumor number and tumor size respectively by ELISA method, tumor numbering and macroscopic analysing.Results: Visfatin levels decreased dramatically in the experimental group than control group (P=0.001). Tumor number and tumor size increased considerably in the control group than experimental group (P=0.000). There was a positive correlation between visfatin levels with tumor number (r=0.701, p=0.001) and also between plasma visfatin with tumor number×tumor size (r=0.771, p=0.000).Conclusion: This study shows that dietary CLA by reducing serum visfatin can decrease the tumor number and tumor size in rat model of colorectal cancer. Thus, CLA suppresses colon carcinogenesis by a mechanim probably involving reduced serum visfatin.

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is not a mono-factorial infection. A synergism of microaerophilic bacteria, Mycoplasma spp., and anaerobic bacteria such as Atopobium vaginae, Porphyromonas spp., Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., and others are involved in these infections. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of Atopobium vaginae in non-pregnant women suffering from bacterial vaginosis.Materials and Methods: A total of 102 non-pregnant women who referred to ShahidAkbarabadi hospital in Tehran were tested for bacterial vaginosis. In order to isolate Atopobiumvaginae the sample was cultured on Colombia agar containing Amphotericin B, Nalidixic acid and Colistin. Additionally, they were simultaneously cultured on blood agar plates containing fresh human blood and Amphotericin B under anaerobic conditions. After extraction DNA from colonies and vaginal specimens, PCR amplification was performed by using specific primers for detection of Atopobiumvaginae.Results: From a total of 102 women who referred to the hospital, 38 cases were confirmed for bacterial vaginosi. With PCR assay, 25 of these 38 cases (%65) were positive for Atopobiumvaginae.Conclusion: This is the first report of isolation of Atopobiumvaginae in Iran.The results of this investigation points to a clear association ofAtopobiumvaginaewith bacterial vaginosis and Atopobiumvaginae should also be considered as a probable etiological agent.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deathin the world. Nutritional factors are one of the main causes of these diseases. Food regimes that are rich in saturated and transfatty acids increase the risk of these diseases.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of hard and soft margarine, butterand canola oil (control group) on serum lipid profileofrat.Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats into four groups for eight weeks with a high-fat diet containing canola oil, hard and soft margarine or animal butter were fed. Fatty acid composition and lipid profile of serum were measured before and after the intervention.Results: Compared to canola oil, margarine and animal butter led to a significant increase in triglyceride. In all groups, total cholesterol and HDL-C were increased. Canola oil reduced LDL-C and hard margarine, but not soft margarine and also butter increased it. Butter increased LDL-C/HDL-C but margarine and canola oil reduced it. In serum of the control group, the levels of saturated fatty acids reduced, but those of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids increased. The reverse changes were found in the butter and margarine groups.Conclusion: In compared with butter, high-trans margarines have a negative impact on lipid profile, while low-trans ones caused improvement lipid profile.

Introduction: For diagnosing children who are suspected to have developmental delay through developmental screening tests, we need a valid and reliable diagnostic tool. The Bayley scales is a well-known diagnostic developmental assessment on cognitive, communication and motor domains. The aim of this study was validity and reliability determination of the Bayley test.Materials and Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-analytic. The test was provided through translation- back translation and cultural adaptation. Content and face validity of tool was determined by experts’ opinions. 260 children aged 1 to 42 months were recruited for developmental assessment by Bayley. Reliability of test was calculated through three methods; internal consistency, test-retest and inter-rater. Construct validity was calculated using factor analysis and comparison of the mean scores methods.Results: Participants were 260 children 15 days to 42 months, including 134 boys (51.5%). Cranach’s alpha coefficients were more than 0.76 for all domains. Pearson correlation coefficient in different domains, were at least 0.987 (P<0.001) in test retest method; and 0.991 (P<0.001) in inter-rater method. The face and content validity of test was approved by experts in child development. Construct validity of test was approved through factor analysis and statistically significant differences were observed between mean scores of different age groups, that confirms the validity of test.Conclusion: These results indicated that the Bayley is a valid and reliable tool for developmental assessment in Persian children.

Introduction: Dislocation of shoulder joint is the most common joint dislocation in the body. This dislocation is the most common one in the 2 period of life. In men between 20-30 years of age due to trauma and sports activities and in women between 60-80 years, usually due to increases in fall. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of abnormal radiography in the reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation.Materials and Methods: In a one-year cross sectional study, 236 patients with uncomplicated anterior shoulder dislocation who referred to Imam Reza hospital (Mashhad, Iran) were studied. The following data were obtained and recorded: the age and gender of patients, mechanism of injury, radiographs before replacing it up and the interpretation of results, the result of reduction and shoulders immediately following graph reduction, the result of the interpretation of radiographs after reduction, the dislocation and reduction.Results: The mean age of patients was 31.81±13.22. 174 patients (89%) were male and 26 (11%) were female. Anterior dislocation in 116 patients (49.2%) were right shoulder and in 120 patients (50.8%) were left shoulder. Spontaneous dislocation (61.9%) was the most dislocation mechanism and the external ortation (46.4%) was the most reduction method. Physcial examination before and afer reduction, and the interpretation of radiographs after reduction indicated the correction of anterior shoulder dislocation in all pateints.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that radiography after anterior shoulder dislocation reduction is not necessary.

Introduction: Lead is one the heavy metals that cause negative effects on the body systems. However, there is little data about the effect of antioxidants on kidney damage induced by the lead. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of manganese on biochemical and histopathological parameters of kidney in mice.Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 adult Balb/C male mice were randomly divided into six groups. Control group did not receive any injection. Second group received 60 mg/kg lead acetate intraperitoneally. Third to sixth groups were injected 60 mg/kg lead acetate and 2.5-5-10-20 mg/kg manganese intraperitoneally, respectively. After 14 days, slides from kidney of mice prepared and the volume of kidney and volume and number of glomeruli were measured by stereological method. Besides, levels of serum urea and creatine were measured.Results: Evaluation of the kidney tissue in lead poisoning group showed collapse and glomerulosclerosis as well as tubular vacuolization and necrosis. In the 2.5 mg/kg manganese-treated group less tissue damage occurred. A significant increase in volume of kidney was observed in 2.5, 5 mg/kg manganese-treated and lead poisoning groups (P<0.05). The number of glumeruli in 5, 10 and 20 mg treated manganese groups showed significant increase in compare to the lead poisoning group. Urea level in all groups under treatment with manganese (P=0.000) and creatinine level in 2.5 mg treated manganese group were significant reduced in compare to those in the lead poisoning group (P=0.01).Conclusion: Treatment with 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of manganese after injection of lead acetate for 14 days caused improvement in histopathology and biochemical signs of kidney tissue damage in mice.

Introduction: Nowadays, early cancer detection and effective treatment is crucial for improved prognosis and cancer management. In particular, the accurate qualitative detection of cancer cells represents a critical step in cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine Cancer cell detection using electrochemical nanobiosensor based on graphene / gold nanoparticle.Materials and Methods: Modified graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle electrodes were employed to increase the sensitivity of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells detection, using CD44 biomarker. Frist the electrodes were modified with graphene, then gold nanoparticles were sediment on graphene-modified electrode. Then CD44 monoclonal antibody conjugated on the surface of gold nanoparticles, on graphene-modified electrode. Finally, the performance of the fabricated biosensors were investigated by using a common reference electrode composed of silver-silver chloride and a common platinum counter electrode at different antigen concentrations with the buffer and serum.Results: The proposed electrochemical cytosensor delivered a high sensitivity with the average of 1.12 mA / cells ml-1, and a low detection limit of 6 cells.Conclusion: These results indicate that the cytosensor has great potential in diagnosis of cancers.

Introduction: Melasma is common cause of skin hyperpigmentation. It’s characterized by symmetric, irregular light brown to dark brown patches of hypermelanosis on parts of the body with most exposure to sun light. Melasma has a significant adverse impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kligman-Willis’s formula treatment in female with melasma on their QoL.Materials and Methods: In this study, 21 female patients, 15 or higher years old, referred to Semnan University of Medical Sciences (Semnan, Iran) dermatology clinicduring 2013, were enrolled in the study. They were recognized with melasma for the first time. Treatment of patients with Kligman-Willis formula which contains 5% hydroquinone, tretinoin 0.1% and dexamethasone 0.1%, was done. This formula is a hydrophilic ointment base and is used topically. Treatment was continued for three months and the patients were instructed to apply the medication on the site of the lesion every night. Quality of life before and after 3 month treatment with Kligman-Willis’s formula was investigated by DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) questionnaire.Results: Mean ±SD age of the patients was 28.3±7.2 years. Level of educational in 76.2% (n=16) of patients was diploma or lower. 85.7% (n=18) of patients were married. 85.7% of patients had lesion on the face. Before treatment, in 52.4 % of patients the skin disease had very large effect and in 47.6% of patients had extreme effect on QoL. Mean± SD score of DLQI before treatment was 20.29±4.55 and after 3 months treatment decrease to 14.10±3.94, that was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Findings showed that, treatment of melasma patients with Kligman-Willis formula based on a three-month period, would improve the quality of life of patients.

Introduction: Zattariamultiflora (Z. multiflora) is a herb belonging to Labiatae family with known therapeutic effects, like anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity especially for gastrointestinal tract and respiratory systems and use of such herbs seems to be necessary in today’s medicine. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of Z. multiflora essence on immunity of broilers.Materials and Methods: Different concentrations of Z. multiflora were added to the food of broilers, then the antibody titer’s were measured for Sheep Blood Cells (SRBC) and Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) plus stimulation rate of T-lymphocytes by Delayed-Typed Hypersensitivity (DTH) assay.Results: Assays revealed that addition of 200 & 400 ppm of Z. multiflora essence in the diet of broilers increased Ab levels against NDV, statistically (p<0.01) and the Ab levels against SRBC in the group receiving 200 ppm of essence was increased (p<0.05), while in the group receiving 400 ppm of the essence Ab levels against SRBC was decreased statistically (p<0.05) in comparison to control group. Also in DTH assay, the skin thickening 48 hours post Ag challenge was higher statistically (p<0.05) in the group receiving 200 ppm of the essence compared to control group, but in group receiving 400 ppm of the essence 48 and 72 h post Ag challenge, skin thickening was statistically lower (p<0.05) than other groups.Conclusion: The effects of Z. multiflora on immune system of broilers is dose dependent and use of lower concentrations of this herbal showed immunomodulatory properties. Thus, it is recommended to use the low concerntations of Zattariamultiflora in order to increase the resistance of broilers against enteric and respiratory infections.

Introduction: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity and has long-term adverse consequences for health. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of PTB, and identify factors associated with it.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4419 pregnant women in Tehran province (Iran) from 6-21 July 2015. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire through interview with mothers and review of their medical records. To identify factor associated with CS, two-level logistic regression model was used.Results: The PTB rate was 5.6% in this study. In univariate analysis, mother's age, preeclampsia, Caesarian section, multiple pregnancies, and use of ART were significant factors of PTB. Moreover, multivariate analysis has shown a significant relationship between PTB and preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies and use of AR. In multivariate analysis, mother’s age had a positive impact on PTB, but this relationship was not statistically significant (p=0.051). The intra-class correlation (ICC) between hospital is 0.208 indicating approximately 21% of the total variation in the response variable accounted for by the hospital.Conclusion: According to the results, factors such as preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies and use of ART were associated with PTB. Therefore, it seems that these factors can be effective in determining the risk in neonates and providing factors in reducing mortality.

Introduction: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity and has long-term adverse consequences for health. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of PTB, and identify factors associated with it.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4419 pregnant women in Tehran province (Iran) from 6-21 July 2015. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire through interview with mothers and review of their medical records. To identify factor associated with CS, two-level logistic regression model was used.Results: The PTB rate was 5.6% in this study. In univariate analysis, mother's age, preeclampsia, Caesarian section, multiple pregnancies, and use of ART were significant factors of PTB. Moreover, multivariate analysis has shown a significant relationship between PTB and preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies and use of AR. In multivariate analysis, mother’s age had a positive impact on PTB, but this relationship was not statistically significant (p=0.051). The intra-class correlation (ICC) between hospital is 0.208 indicating approximately 21% of the total variation in the response variable accounted for by the hospital.Conclusion: According to the results, factors such as preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies and use of ART were associated with PTB. Therefore, it seems that these factors can be effective in determining the risk in neonates and providing factors in reducing mortality.