OLYMPIC
Year:2004 | Volume:12 | Issue:2 (SERIAL 26)|Papers Count:13

Whilst the science and society have been exposed to remarkable Change and developments during the last 25 years, why the curriculum of BA degree in physical education (PE) has not been reformed and upgraded? This study was desingned to investigate the viewpoints of academic members about the upgrading of curriculum of BA degree in PE. The study is qualitative and was accomplished using semistructured interviews. Target population included 97 PE faculty members from Universities of Isfahan, Tehran ,and Tarbiat Moalem .The purposeful sample included 15 academians who were responsible for studyingthe curriculumfor modificationin their- own Universities. Results showed that the academians all believed that there was no aptness between the curriculums and the social and scientific needs and demands. In general, they believed in urgent revision of curriculum and establishments of new subdisciplines and departments. This article examines the academians viewpoint in 7 areas :eveluation of the current curriculum, reasons for reform ,reasons for continuous curriculum reform and planing, evaluation of outlines and headings of the current curriculum, position of PE departmet after reform, procedures necessary for establishment of new sub- disciplines and departments, outlines and headings necessary for PE sub- discipline.

The purpose of this study is a comparison among th effect of three models of plyometric training (depth jump) on electromyograph indexes (Amplitude and frequancy) of Rectus femoris and Vastus medialis muscles in 16-18 year old athletes. In this study, 45 students from physical education and sport sciences high school were selected randomly and divide into 3 groups of 15 after perfroming the ability tests for participating in depth jump training. All 3 groups participated in 16 sessions depth jump training, it should be noted that the method of depth jump training was different for each group.The subjects of group A exercised bouncing Depth Jumps (BDJ) or (DJ- H/T), group B did counter movement jumps (CMJ) or (DJ-H) and as for-groupC the same exercises of group B were performed wearing weight jackets (CMWJ) or (DJ-W/H). The height of the box and vertical jump were equal for all groups (40& 70 CM .An EMG was used for measuring the electromyography indexes. This mesurements were done in three phase before training, in the middle of training ( after the 8th session) and after training. The results of the variance phase showed that regarding the aimed variables only the changed in group A that were related to the electromyography indexes were significant from a statistical point of view and there was no significant difference seen in this. index between the other groups during the above mentioned phase analysis test (ANOVA) in comparison with the average of electromyography indexes ( amplitude and frequancy of the muscles in this study) in the 3 study

The purpose ot the study was to investigate the attitude of the management, faculty members and staff of the Tehranl Teachers" University toward the extracurricular and lisure time activities, with emphasis on sports. Two different questionnaries were used, one asked to management about the university planining and facilities allocated to the employees" leisure time activities. The other questionnaire provided data about the attitude and the extent of involvemet of the male and female university employees in these activities. About 30% of the total population took part in the study. Results: About 62% of the participants didnot practice sports at all and about 80% did not benefit from the university facilities, or personal assets for recreational activities, whereas, 90% of them believed that these kinds of activities were beneficial to their body and mind prosperity and health and that they promoted organizational cooperation and effectiveness. Additionally, 87% of the subjects claimed that the university facilities for employess" recreational activities were "very insufficient" of "insufficient" The repondents asserted the sports they preferred most for their leisure time were swimming, physical fitness exercises and sucker games. However, their favorite non-sportive activities for leisure time were painting, handicraft art works and refreshing games and plays respectively. Based on the resutls of the study in can be concluded that although, the employees of the university were aware of the importance and the benefits of the recreational leisure time activities means and facilities for practical practice ot these activities were insufficient, also, the subjects did not spend enough time for these kind of activities.

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of choline supplement and carbohydrate solution on endurance performance (2 km laboratory cycling), glucose and blood lipids (TC. TG., HDL, LDL) of 15 trained cyclists Subjects participated in two exercise protocols with one week interval between them. before first protocol they ingested placebo and carbohydrate solution( 2Ljglucose %4) during activity and before second protocol, choline. supplement (3gr choline bitartrate) and carbohydrate solution during activit. After activity with placebo data revealed: Non-significant decrease in blood glucose, TC, TO, and LDL; Significant increase in HDL and significant decrease in endurance performance. After activity with choline supplement data showed: significant increase in blood glucose, HDL and endurance performance, non-significant increase in TC, TO and LDL. With respect to these findings, one can conclude that pre-exercise choline supplement in combination with carbhydrate solution during exercise activity affect the pathway of energy production, by stimulating of fat oxidation and . blood glucose level and lead to the improving of enduracne and fatingue time.

It has been shown that physiological profile of soccer players - playing in different positions - vary. The purpose of this research was to study the correlation between physiological characteristics of Iran junior national soccerplayers andphsiologicaldemand of their relevant positions. To this end, 32 player of junior national soccer team were divided to five groups; based on their positions in the game. The groups were as following: Goalkeepers (5), Forwards (7), Fullbacks (5), Centerbacks (6) and Halfbacks (9),whom aerobic and anaerobicpower were measured, Bruce treadmillprotocal and Bosco 15" jump test were used to measure aerobic power and anaerobic power of players, respectively. No significant difference was found when aerobic and anaerobic power of players of mentioned positions were compared. It was concluded that concerning aerobic and anaeobic power, training program of our soccerplayersunder studyhas not beeneffectiveenough. In addition, regarding characteristics of different positions, the traningprogram alsohas not been efficient to improve the specific physiologic demands of all player.It is suggestedthat plainingfor bodyconditioning of the players requires ot respect the well-known rule as the "specificity of training"; by devoting part of the program to increase the level of aerobic and or anaerobic power of players, whit reference of their postions in the game.

This research mainly aims to study and compare the effects of different warm up programs on the two important factors of physical fitness (i.e. agility and flexibility). Subjects were 120 boy students of high school that volunteered and divided into 6 groups randomly. Every group was asked to do a 10 minutes warm-up program but the content of program for any group was different: Group 1: Stretch movements program Group 2: Calisthenics program Group 3: Specific movements program for change in body position Group 4: Combined warm-up program Group 5: Walking andjogging program Group 6: Rest program (control group) u Any subject, were performed" agility" and" flexibility" tests before and after of performing his group warm-up program. The agility test was 4 x 9 m. shuttle run and flexibility test was sit-and - reach test. The results of this research were: I-warm -up programs of groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 had a significant effect on flexibility scores of subjects. 2- Warm-upprograms of groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 had a significant effect on agility scores of subjects. In conclusion, for activities that agility is important, the content of warm-up program should be motor activities (specific movements, or calisthenics, or walking and jogging), whereas for activities that the flexibility is a basic. demand, even stretch movements is enough as content of warm-up program

Reaction time (RT) is a very important factor in skilled performance. Precue is one of the effective factors on RT.The results of studies done on by parameter precuing technique have shown the relationship between RT and number and nature of precued parameters; but the majority of these researches have been performed in order to test the effect of nature of precued parameters on RT in force production task. A mixed 3 factional design was performed on 16 (8 male &8 female) volunteer,non- athletes, right - handed students ranging in age from 20 to 25. The subjects performed a total of 2400 trials over 5 session on successive days (4 blocks of 120 trials blocks per session) under different conditions of precue by using parameter precuing apparatus. This task required production of defined isometric force (3 or 6 kg) toward inside or outside, with right or left upper limb as quickly) and accurately as possible after displaying precue and stimulus. The subjects" RT in different levels of independent variable were analyzed by using 3 factor experiments (nature of precued parameters * gender* session) with & repeatd measure on 2 of the factors (nature of precued parameters session). According with results, the main effects of nature of precued parameter and session were significant (p O.05)

The aim of this study was to compare the effects visual and kinesthesis feedback in learning school boys basketball dribble. The result can help the teacher and coaches to teach and train in better way. Thirty two students (age 16 to 18 yr, weight 57. 5 kg, height 160 cm) gave informed consent to participate in the study. All of the subjects participated in exercises 15 min per day, three days a week for 8 weeks. subjects divided in two groups randomly. First group were training with specialmask andthe secondgroup weretrainingwithout mask. Howerethe result in the level of. P<0.05 in second group was significant. So, this study suggests that visual feedback in compare with kinesthesis feedback was effective and significant in learning school boys basketboal dribble.