SPORT MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 (18)|Papers Count:13

Objective: The purpose of this article is to define the culture of sport and presenting an indigenous model of the components of its, according to the anthropological definition of culture, using the theories of experts. Methodology: This article is in the framework of the qualitative research strategy and interviews with 10 physical and cultural education managers and 5 cultural experts of the federations in a targeted sampling First, on the basis of common funds, the themes, related themes, the main themes and the themes of each of the categories of the topic of research are identified, finally, draws and analyzes the network of themes related to the nature of sport culture "What is sport culture? ". Results: The results of the network designing are indicative of the culture of sport; there is a difference between the two themes of cultural sport and cultural sport, and these two themes are broader around the themes of organizing universal moral values, the intrinsic values of exercise, physical and physical values of exercise, national and historical values, Religious values, values of modern life and cultural anomalies of sport, define the culture of sport in Iran. Conclusion: According to research findings, culture of culture means "a set of values, norms, beliefs, customs and cultural and historical traditions affecting sporting behavior, as well as specific values derived from sports (martial arts, martial arts, and. . . ) influences the culture of people in the sports and community environment".

Objective: The purpose of this research was to designing social marketing mix model for the development of the sport. Methodology: The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and according to qualitative data collection in the first step and quantitative validation it in the next phase was mixed exploration. The statistical population in this research were all experts in the academic or executive. Method of sampling in qualitative section in the present research initially was judgment and targeting and continuing for the purpose to collect data was used a snowball sampling method. In this research, with interviewing of 13 people from samples was reached to theoretical saturation. The data collection tools in the first step was interview and after coding and identifying themes and indexes A questionnaire was Was drafted and used to design and validate the model. Data analysis was done in the qualitative section with using theme analysis and in the quantitative part with using SPSS and LISREL software. Results: The results of the themes analysis showed that Social marketing mix consisted of 6 P (Product, place, price, promotion, people, and physical evidence). Also the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that model was good fit, also, Quantitative results of the research showed that the identified factors were not in desirable conditions for the development of sport for all. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, having a marketing and customer orientation view for the purpose of developing sport for all is necessary, One of the effective factors in this area is attention to the elements of marketing mix that officials and practitioners involved in the development of sport for all and promotion of health in the country In order to increase people participation in sport and physical activity can make use it.

Objective: This research investigatesed the effect of sport in religion, sectarian and religious diversity in Khuzestan province. Methodology: This was exploratory blend research. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews with expertise were conducted and with the aid of theoretical sampling, the interviews proceeded to theoretical saturation. Based on the results of the first section, a questionnaire for sports role and divergence was prepared. The validity of the research instrument was reviewed and verified by eight experts. Reliability index was also calculated and validated using Cronbach's alpha test (α >0. 7). In the quantitative section, the statistical population is consisting of all the people living in Khuzestan province within the range of 14-65 years old (N=4853000). According to Morgan's table, the sample size was 384 instants and Cluster random sampling method was hired. For data analysis, structural equations with partial least squares method was used. Results: The results showed that professional sports on religious and ethnic identity has a significant effect and also through the effect on religious identity can reduce religious divergence as well as sectarian and religious divergence. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it’ s recommended to adopt the necessary decisions for sports development (especially professional sport) in Khuzestan province, to help reducing religious divergence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare and prioritize the effective factors on the reputation of the faculty of sport sciences. Methodology: The present study was descriptive-analytic and the statistical population of the study was all postgraduate students of the faculty of sport sciences throughout the country. Using simple random sampling, 384 students were selected as statistical sample. The instruments were reputation questionnaire (Ressler, 2010). The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using path analysis in the LISREL software. Results: The findings showed that eight factors (emotional aspect, financial performance, vision and leadership, administrative transparency, team structure, products and services, human resources and social and environmental responsibility) on the reputation of the faculty of sport sciences from the viewpoint of the students of education Supplementary influences are among these factors, the dimension of team structure has the most effect on the reputation of the the faculty of sport sciences. Also, the University of Tehran, Guilan University and Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were more familiar with other universities than the other students. Conclusion: Regarding these findings, it is recommended to Dean of the faculty of sport sciences of all universities to increase the reputation of their faculty in developing all their dimensions, in particular products and services, financial performance, administrative transparency, Social and environmental responsibility due to the lower average of these dimensions than other factors, will be more effective in attracting more students to continue their postgraduate education.

Objective: The aim of this research was recognition of varieties and security spheres in Iranian Football Premier League. Methodology: Research tool was a self-designed questionnaire by the researcher with 45 items. 7 experts approved the questionnaire’ s conceptual validity while its accuracy was based on Cronbach alpha equal to 0. 870 (P<0/01). The case study includes 300 people comprising football league authorities, experts in football federations and organizations, faculty members, stadium officials and Premier League clubs. Security factors in sport events were determined and factor loadings of the explanatory varieties of each factor were calculated too. Moreover, SPSS software version 22 along with LISREL version 8. 8 was used for data analysis as well as model fitting. Results: In this exploratory security model, pertinent indicators encompassing security factors, facilities and security services, standard quality, security documentation, physical protection, management the secure quality, hardware and software place management, planning and management, physical testimonies, preventive measures, education, Interaction and Communications were determined. Conclusion: Finally, it is advisable for those who are in charge of holding sport events, in order to hold safer sport competitions, to pay particular attention to education, management, and planning when considering preventive measures, revealed factors mentioned above and factor loadings of the explanatory varieties of each factor.

Objective: Crowd management has been a necessary and integral part of the management of any event due to diverse and large amount of attendees. Mismanagement of crowd might cause irreparable losses. The goal of this study was to explore the challenges of crowd management in Iran’ s Premiere Football League in order to have an effective plan in this case. Methodology: The research was conducted using qualitative method with exploratory nature. Data were collected using 23 deep interviews with selective sampling and snowball technique. We employed thematic analysis to code and analyze data. Results: Results showed the existence of challenges in 57 concepts. These concepts were changed to 14 secondary concepts in second phase of coding. Finally we had 5 main category or theme in third phase of coding including structure, behavior, policy making, socio-cultural and identity of crowd management. Conclusion: Awareness of those holding football matches in Iran from challenges presented in this paper could make them to try and plan for better management of challenges. This finally will lead to an increase in satisfaction of attendees and their decision to return, increase in safety and security standards and finally social and economic benefits. To design an effective crowd management model in Premiere League, a serious and careful consideration of these results originating from deep viewpoints of experts is proposed.

Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the effect of event perceived values and event perceived images on the spectators desire to return to horse racings in Gonbad Kavous. Methodology: This is a descriptive research, which was done in survey method. The statistical population includes all spectators (3480 person) participated in the horse racing that was hold during the spring period in the eighth week of these racing in 2018. According to the Cochran formula, 347 spectators were selected by simple random sampling as the statistical sample of the research. For collecting the research data, the sport event perceived values questionnaire by Yueying (2015), Hussein sport event image (2016) and the sport spectator’ s desire to return by Ryu et al (2011) were used. The questionnaires validity was verified by five faculty members of the sport management and their reliability coefficient was calculated by using Cronbach’ s alpha test, respectively, 0. 79, 0. 86, and 0. 81. In order to analyze the data and to identify the effects of research variables, the structural equation modeling was applied by using PLS software. Results: This section confirmed the positive and significant effect of the event’ s emotional, educational, social value and the effect of event’ s positive image on the spectators’ desire to return. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the event perceived values and the event perceived image can play an important role in the spectators’ desire to return.

Objective: Fans loyalty depends on accurate brand management. The main aim of this study was identifying external effective factors on branding of Iran's football clubs and promoting football club branding model of Rasooli (2014). Methodology: This is a qualitative study and basic research by method which ran through grounded theory method and qualitative interviews with experts. Interviews analyzed through qualitative coding (open, axial and selective). Results: Findings exposed 60 labels in open coding which categorized in 8 concepts. These concepts were culture, economic, top authorities, media, technology, opponents, customers and others. Conclusion: Eventually promoted model of Iran's football club brand management developed. The alternatives suggested according to the findings which club managers can use to promote club's brand.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to survey the geographical location of sport facilities of Rasht by using GIS system. Methodology: This is a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical sample was all sports facilities in Rasht, including 148 public and private sport facilities. The Descriptive data was collected through GPS instrument in GIS information basis by using records, documents and research data and field studies. Then, for each of the indicators which influenced the positioning of sport facilities, the layers were prepared. After composing and analyzing all the layers with each other, the current position of sport facilities were evaluated and finally the most appropriate locations were proposed by using AHP. Results: The results of study showed that from 148 sport facilities, 26 cases did not regarding one, two or three boundary rules (river, gas pipes and power transmission lines), which was equivalent 18 percent of all sports facilities in Rasht. Also 122 places, equivalent to 82 percent, regard the boundary rules. In terms of practical radius, few of the facilities followed the expected standards. Also in terms of population density, distribution of large sport facilities comparing to small and medium size, were unsuitable. Conclusion: The final results which inferred from this study showed that most of the sport places regarding space in the restricted area have unsuitable conditions; however a few cases are appropriate. This is because of the nonusing of new and computerize ways in finding places by sport managers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate job attitudes and skills of physical education and sport sciences graduates at University of Guilan in period 2004-2008. Methodology: equal to the statistical population, the number of 271 physical education graduates answered to demographic characteristics, Attitudes towards Job (Jacko, 2004) and Amount of content appropriateness of courses with needs of the market and employment questionnaires. Validity of these tools were confirm by 11 university professors, and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient for job attitude (α =0. 90) and appropriateness of course content (α =0. 89). Results: Analysis of λ 2 showed women (λ 2= 25; P=. 001) and masters’ graduates (λ 2= 26. 83; P=. 001) more involved in the jobs associated to physical education course than others. Based on Kroskal Wallis results, graduates attitudes of jobs associated to physical education course (graduates of 2006) to dimensions of feedback, problem solving and entire attitudes were positive, while graduates attitudes of jobs no associated to physical education were positive only on task identify and authority (P≤ . 05). Additionally, graduates who had jobs associated to physical education course achieved more skills of volunteer work (λ 2= 14. 28; P=. 001) and coach card (λ 2= 14. 54; P=. 001) than another graduates. Conclusion: It seems that occupation capacity of physical education and sport sciences graduates of University of Guilan is high and they can achieve adequate job skill during the study time and find professional positive attitudes after the occupation.

Objective: The aim of this study is designing marketing mix pattern of women’ s futsal premier league by emphasizing on environmental factors and Porter’ s general strategy. Methodology: At first, by library research we review the related literature and documents and design an initial questionnaire with 88 questions by a semistructured interview with geniuses. By this questionnaire we try with 12 variables. The statistical population is futsal beneficiaries we collected data from 185 questionnaires and analyzed by using SPSS19 and Smart PLS software. Result: The findings showed that between environmental Factors and marketing mix and strategy with marketing mix is directly related. Also the relation between environmental Factors and marketing mix in the event of existence of variable mediatory strategic was indirectly significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, we should say that according to the approved model in research of the marketing pattern of women futsal league, the marketing mix influences the strategy and also the environmental factors that indicated the consideration of these variables in a comprehensive manner. At the moment can offer that the best option is improving the internal human resources with successful human of women sports in Islamic countries

Objective: The aim of the study was designing a model of the effect of brand experience and awareness on brand love and consumers’ intention. Methodology: The current study was descriptive as collecting data and functional that was done as a field survey. The statistical population included the consumer of Tehran body building clubs that they was selected on bases cluster sampling method, 5 regions from Tehran was selected and then 10 clubs was selected from every region and then was selected randomly 12 customers from every club that has special condition. For measuring the validity of the questions, the content and construct validity were measured that the factor loading in the all of them were more than 0. 7. For answering the questions, was used correlation coefficient and SEM. Results: the results of path analysis were shown brand experience and awareness have effect (0. 53 & 0. 47) on brand love and consumer’ s intention in respect. Also the model was become well and good fitness and was shown the relationships had been logical. Conclusion: With attention on the results, it must been recognized the factors were caused increasing love between brand and consumer till with Reinforcement of the factors, was effected on consumer intention for buying or using the services.