SPORT MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:4 (20)|Papers Count:12

Objective: The purpose of present study was to explore a theoretical construct and present a comprehensive theory for developing adventurous sports tourism in Ardabil province. Methodology: Research method of the study was a qualitative model using grounded theory approach. Statistical population of the study consisted elite and executive professionals of university in the field of sport management and tourism in Ardabil province. Twelve participants were selected for unstructured in-depth interview based on purposeful and snowball sampling. Interviews were conducted to lead the data to theoretical saturation utilizing 4 content analysis and interviews. Interviews were recorded by audio files and then analyzed with Nvivo10 software. Data were simultaneously analyzed applying a set of open encrypted, selection, theoretical coding and notebook report in this regard. Validity and reliability of the coding were confirmed by quality control of qualitative researches. Analysis was conducted systematically by using Tem analysis method. Results: These categories included 7 sections based on the main themes and sub-themes divisions. Some factors such as political and legal, notification and propaganda, environmental and infrastructure, economic, managerial, security, cultural and social ones considered as major categories among them. Finally, an ultimate model was delivered for each of main themes and sub-themes. Thereby, an abstract theory and construct was presented in regard to developing strategies for adventurous sports tourism. Conclusion: The findings of present study revealed appropriate strategies for incoming policy making and planning which can expedite adventurous tourism development in Ardabil province.

Objective: The Purpose of this study examines the relationship between brand Personality with loyalty fans Esteghlal and Persepolis teams In Mazandaran province. Methodology: The research method is descriptive and correlational. Its statistical population fans Esteghlal and Persepolis, were selected sample size of 385 with method cluster randomized in the local area, West, Central and East provinces. Researcher-maker questionnaire had used brand personality that derives from standard questionnaire of Khodadadi (1393) and customer loyalty questionnaire of Allen (1990). From view the 10 sport management professors and relevant experts has been used to estimate the content validity questionnaire and using Cronbach's alpha coefficient were obtained its reliability (brand personality 0/839 and Customer loyalty 0/720). Descriptive statistics was used to describe study variables and to analyze the test data and the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression and KS. Results: The results showed that between personality brand with loyalty of fans there is a direct and significant relationship (p=0/001), and both dimensions of personality brand (Competence and excitement) have significant impact on brand loyalty (p=0/001). The regression analysis showed that, in both aspects of behavioral loyalty and attitudinal loyalty (Beta coefficient=0/179, 0/390. P=0/001), the excitement has the first importance for the prediction of brand loyalty towards the brand personality. Personal competency aspect in behavioral aspect of loyalty was significant (p=0/003) but it was not significant in attitudinal loyalty aspect (p=0/176). Conclusion: Generally, it is necessary to management of the Esteghlal and Persepolis brand excitement to strengthen the team and the club after his move.

Objective: Nowadays, lifestyle is an effective concept for studying the facts of life of different people. Elite athletes are always one of the most important groups in societies that their lifestyle is of interest to all. Studying the elite athletes’ lifestyles requires a valid and reliable tool. Therefore, the aim of this study was to construct and validate Elite Athletes Lifestyle Questionnaire. Methodology: The study was mix method that in qualitative phase for identifying lifestyle indicators 19 experts selected for deep unstructured interview in targeted sampling. Qualitative data was analyzed using the Glaser approach of grounded theory and its validity was verified by 10 experts. The statistical population of the quantitative phase was all of the athletes in premier League of football, futsal, volleyball and basketball that 308 of them completed the researcher-made questionnaire in stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and Fitting Model Indexes were confirmed after correction of some questions. Results: The results showed the Iranian elite athletes’ lifestyle tool has 10 dimensions include Responsibility, Financial Literacy, Leisure, Professional Thinking, Life Vision, Emotional Competencies, Consumption, Cultural Consumption, Religious Behavior and individual Issues. Also, the reliability of sub scales was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and for the whole scale of 0. 89. Conclusion: Due to the results the designed tool, has a good validity and reliability and can be used to study the distinctions of elite athletes lifestyles.

Objective: The fans such as athletes are main customer’ s sports that their motivation’ s to presence in sports Competition is very important. Thus, determining the motivation’ s to presence of Iranian spectators in Volleyball World League and its relationship with background, amount and renewed presence was purpose of the present study. Methodology: The research was descriptive survey. The populations were the all spectators of the Iranian national team in the game against Italy in the World Volleyball League qualifiers series (2014) were present. According to the table krejcie and Morgan were assigned 372 people of spectator’ s component sample. The data’ s collection tools were questionnaire motivation’ s to presence (Elahi, 1391) and renewed presence (Lim, 2006) which their validity was confirmed 8 persons of sports management experts. The reliability coefficient with Cronbach's alpha was confirmed respectively 0. 87 and 0. 70. Binomial test, Pearson correlation, simple and multiple regressions was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed the presence of motivations have a significant relationship only with variable willingness to renewed present and motivation's components have predictive capability willingness to renewed present (30 percent). Conclusion: According to the results of study whatever managers focus on motivation's factors spectators and it will strengthen them can be expected to increasing context and willingness to renewed spectators.

Objective: The purpose of the research was to explain the relationship between the identity and loyalty of the fans on the brand evangelism of the Esteghlal football Club of Tehran. Methodology: This research was Correlational and functional based on structural equation modeling that was done as a field survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the fan of Esteghlal Club of Tehran, who came to the Azadi Stadium in the third week of the Premier League 2016-2017. The sample size was determined by structural equation sampling method and 252 correct questionnaires were used. The modified identity questionnaire of Mell & Ashforth (1992), the loyalty questionnaire of Mahoney et al. (2000), the intention to buy of Bacra and Carnage (2011), the positive brand advertising of Power and Associates (2008) and the negative brand advertising of Matzler et al (2007) were used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was survey and reliability was counted by Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Data was analyzed by SMARTPLS software. Results: Findings showed that identity has a significant effect on loyalty and indicates a significant effect of loyalty on the factors contributing to brand evangelism. Also Identity had a significant effect on some of the factors contributing to brand evangelism. Conclusion: Clubs managers need to associate the identity of the fans with the club, so as to increase the loyalty of the fans, will make them bargaining in the brand communities.

Objective: One of the main methods of financing and costs by professional sport clubs in the world, is selling tickets, as ticket sales, the lifeblood of any sport organization. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting ticketing of Iran’ s premier football league. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all spectators over 18 years old in the Premier League in 2015/16 season. Sample size (n=324) based on factor analysis, 2 to 10-fold of the items was selected. The data collected through a made questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by 15 experts in panel. To calculate reliability Cronbach’ s alpha (α =. 9) was used. To analyze the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used. Results: Based on exploratory factor analysis, 33 items of ticketing in 8 factors “ Facility, Cultural-Social, Attractiveness of match, Economic, Managerial, Marketing, Technology and Planning” were classified. Also, based on confirmation model, Cultural-Social factor, Marketing, Technology, Managerial, Economic, Planning, Attractiveness of match and Facility factor had highest impact on the Iran’ s Premier League football ticketing respectively. Conclusion: So, clubs and League organization to better selling ticket and increase their income, must be pay more attention to Facility, Cultural-Social, Attractiveness of match, Economic, Managerial, Marketing, Technology and Planning factors.

Purpose: The general purpose of the study was to analyze the state of affairs and the effects of risk in the Volleyball World Volleyball Championships using the FMEA model. Methodology: The research method was descriptive using mix method. For data gathering, exploring, prioritizing and classifying the risks, we made a researcher-made questionnaire (24 q) after the acritical studies and semi-structural interviews, that expert certified its content validity. Also for weighting the three main factors of FMEA: Occurrence, Effects and Detect probability, AHP was used, and Inconsistency rate was 0/00864. The statistical population was Experts of risk management and Executive managers of VWL; 22 participants. Results: Analyzing hierarchical analysis showed that the intensity of impact index with the weight of 0. 636 was the most important component of the three factors of the model (FMEA) and finally, each of the risks based on the amount (RPN), from the highest to the lowest The most amount they achieved was prioritization, and for every risk they were given. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, the most important identified risk is "population entry more than salon capacity". To this end, it is recommended that the volleyball federation, based on expert advice, including (ticket sales based on the capacity of the hall / barring people without tickets / supervising the work of ticket vendors / using trained police forces to prevent crowds Of possible capacity) to control the most important identification risk.

Objective: Knowledge sharing is one of the fundamental processes of knowledge management. If knowledge sharing is performed well, leads to the development and improvement of the quality of service in organizations, particularly in public organizations. In this study, in addition to examining the role of information technology, examining the individual factors affecting the quality of knowledge sharing is also discussed. Methodology: This study is a kind of correlation applied research. The population includes all physical education teachers in Khorasan Razavi schools, equivalent to 2, 587 people that 334 people randomly selected as the sample population. Data collection tool is a modified standard questionnaire that is used in several studies. For data analysis, software spss 21 is used. For descriptive statistics, frequency, mean and standard deviation parameters and for inferential statistics, Coefficient of skewness and kurtosis, Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions were used. Results: The results of the study demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between all individual factors, IT and Knowledge sharing. Regression analysis also suggests that knowledge sharing variable is predictable based on individual factors and information technology. Conclusion: Based on the perspective of Khorasan Razavi physical education teachers, with changes in personality characteristics, motivation, trust and awareness of the staff, the quality of knowledge sharing among them is strengthened. So staff individual factors can have major effects on the quality of knowledge sharing among Khorasan Razavi physical education teachers.

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a framework with a focus on self-financing basis for grassroots sport federations. Methodology: Qualitative research method in which to answer the research questions grounded theory method is used. Data collection methods such as interviews, observation and document review were conducted. The study population included all scholars, managers and experts formed to deal with the issue of financing. According to the method of Grounded-theory, theoretical sampling was done. Analyze data using a three-stage open coding, axial and selective using version 5. 2 software Atlas. Ti was done. Results After open coding, the categories of causal conditions, underlying conditions, and consequences, financial self-sufficiency strategies based grassroots sports federations were extracted. Then in the axial and selective coding, the links between these categories were determined in a paradigmatic model study and final theory took shape. Conclusion: Based on the results, limitations on the funding of sports federations have happened under the influence of various conditions that are expected to be desirable. It seems that, using the strategies found in the model, ideal situation and consequences such as increasing access to financing channels and increasing the efficiency and cost recovery will be achieved.

Objective: Quantitative methodology research was conducted as a pilot study in the form of a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test three-group An accessible sample of 69 individuals was identified and randomly replaced in three groups of 23 (experimental-novice-traditional-control trial). Methodology: The course included a theoretical part for 2 sessions and 13 weeks of practical session (2 hours). Resource-made questionnaires (information technology experience) and standard (computer and internet self-efficacy, attitudes toward computers and the Internet, computer anxiety) were used in pretest, posttest and feedback questionnaire in post-test. Analysis of covariance was not restored because presuppositions, the dependent variables were calculated by subtracting the pre-test and post-test to compare each of the dependent variables among the three groups varied between groups, ANOVA test and post hoc test was used. Results: Results showed that attitudes towards computer (sig: 0/001) and internet (sig: 0/001), internet (Sig = 0. 041) and computer self-efficacy (Sig = 0. 023) and computer anxiety (sig: 0/001) in the control group and the experimental and control groups. Tukey test showed that the difference in attitude toward computers and the Internet, Internet self-efficacy and computer anxiety caused by the difference in the modern with the traditional three groups and the control group. But this difference in computer self-efficacy variable was significant only with the traditional group. Conclusion: Finally, we can say that students fully aware of the development of ICT in their professions physical education. Therefore, the conviction among physical education students in the ICT knowledge and skills are useful and necessary.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of customer knowledge management on fitness clubs customer lifetime value in Rasht. Methodology: This study was descriptive-survey one. In this research a self-made questionnaire including 13-questions customer knowledge management questionnaire and 23-questions customer lifetime value questionnaire is designed. Statistical society includes female and male customers of Rasht fitness clubs. Subjects were selected by cluster sampling in Rasht 5 areas and eventually 460 customers cooperated with the research. In order to analyze the data SPSS 23 and Smart PLS are used. Results: Results shows that customer knowledge management has a significant positive effect on customer lifetime value and its dimensions, and high factor coefficients of research conceptual model indicates that customer knowledge management classification is positively effective on attracting customers, customers keeping in contact with club and also their beneficence. Conclusion: Finally, using the results of this research can be said that customer knowledge management has a significant effect on customer lifetime value and this way Rasht fitness clubs managers can make profit margin whit the use of customer knowledge management.

Objective: This study aims was Performance evaluation of Iranian sports federations in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games with Data Envelopment Analysis approach (DEA). Methodology: In this research, we try to evaluate the performance of sports federations participating in Olympic 2016 Rio by using one of the nonparametric methods of operations research called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The model in the paper considers one input (funds allocated to federations) and four outputs (the quotes earned by each federation and the number of gold, silver and bronze medals won) with different weight and importance for performance assessment. Results: The results of this model showed that of the 14 federations participating in the 2016 Olympic Games, the weightlifting federation, track and field and the wrestling Federation respectively have the highest performance. Conclusion: ranking of sports federations participating in Olympic games done based on total earned medals, but should be noted that to achieve competition outputs (the total number of medals won in the tournament) are possible only in the context of utilization of inputs and using appropriate processes and for precise, regular and targeted evaluation, smaller inputs should be included along with more outputs in the evaluation models.