SPORT MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2020 | Volume:9 | Issue:2 (22)|Papers Count:12

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sense of brand community on attendance and media consumption among football Pro-League spectators through the mediator role of perceived risk. Methodology: The target population included football spectators of the sixteenth season of IRAN Pro-League, such that 365 people were selected through random-available sampling as the samples of this study. Sense of brand community was measured by Hedland’ s questionnaire (2011), with the reliability (α =. 96), and, consequently, attendance, media consumption and perceived risk were measured by the researcher-made questionnaires (α =. 70, α =. 82, and α =. 91, respectively). furthermore, the questionnaire’ s face validity was investigated according to some field-specialist sport management scholars. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that sense of brand community has a positive and significant effect on attendance in stadium and sport media consumption, and it has negative and significant effects on perceived risk. In addition, the perceived risk has a negative and significant effect on attendance in stadium, and has it positive and significant effect on sport media consumption. Furthermore, indirect results showed that perceived risk acted as a mediator between the senses of brand community and attendance in stadium. Conclusion: To increase spectators’ attendance in stadium it is essential to reinforce the fan community and consider the factors that increase perceived risks.

Objective: Sport clubs has a special significance and value for cities and provinces from economic viewpoint. Therefore, the purpose of the research was Estimated Economic Value of Nassaji Football Club of Mazandaran Province. Methodology: The study was a descriptive-analytic method which is a part of applied research in terms of the purpose. The statistical population of this study was residents of Mazandaran province and The statistical sample was also measured by Michel and Carson. The data, related to the willingness of citizens of Mazandaran province to pay for the goods and benefits produced by the Nassaji soccer team, has been collected by questionnaire. Also, the factors influencing the willingness of citizens were identified to pay for the textile soccer team. SPSS, Excel and Stata software were used to analyze the data. Results: According to the results, the average pay of annual willingness of citizens for attending Nassaji soccer team in the Premier League, championship in the Premier League, championship in the Hazfi Cup, championship in the Asian Club Championship were respectedly, 15680, 13700, 11640, and 23370 Toman. Moreover, the average willingness to pay for a ticket to watch matches in the stadium and watching television from home were repeatedly 4710 and 3920 Toman. Conclusion: The willingness to pay of Mazandaran province citizens shows that attending Nassaji soccer team in the highest levels of sport competition of the country has had a positive effect on their utility and welfare, so that people would even like to sponsor their favorite team.

Objective: The purpose of this study was development planing of sports Infrastructures in Guilan province based on the per capita reform approach. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-analytic. The statistical sample of this research included all sports Infrastructures in Guilan province. Descriptive data was collected using records and documents in offices and location data was collected using a GPS device. In inferential statistics, cluster analysis and K-Mean method were used in SPSS software. Results: In terms of per capita sport spaces in Guilan province, seven cities were in good condition (44%), eight cities were in moderate (50%) and one in bad (6%). In general, in per capita of sport Infrastructures, Gilan province, like other provinces of the country, faced very high deficits and had a significant difference with the standard per capita standard of the country. Conclusion: Infrastructures and sports places in the province of Gilan did not conform to the defined standards. Although the relative per capita of some regions was better than others. But sport capitation of all areas in Guilan province was less than the standard sport capitation. As a result, with approach of reformation the per capita such as this study, an effective step to address these shortcomings, and in particular the development planing of the country, could be taken.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the strategic combination of sports tourism marketing in Gilan province with a 7 P's approach. Methodology: In this descriptive-analytic research, 230 managers of sport and tourism organizations, managers of tourism offices, tourism guides and academic experts in the fields of sport and tourism management, as a sample of this research, were convenience non-randomly selected, completed a researcher-made questionnaire composed of 57 valid questions (α =0. 792) voluntarily. Results: Using one-sample t-test, the sub-scales related to each of the seven elements of sports tourism marketing in the province were calculated. Also findings from Friedman test showed that the elements of sports tourism marketing mix in this province based on priority were different significantly. The element of price is the highest priority (Mean Rank Price = 4. 51) and the process or planning is the lowest priority (Mean Rank Process/Planning = 3. 68). Other elements of the sport tourism marketing mix of the province are in order of priority: product or service, place or distribution, physical evidence, people and promotion. Conclusion: The overall conclusion of this research showed that the comprehensive and sustainable development of this industry is the result of a systematic approach and appropriate to all elements of the sports tourism marketing mix.

Objective: The main purpose of this paper is to assess factors affecting on the satisfaction of athletes in earlier studies in Iran. Methodology: This study is a meta-analysis. The population of research was all scientific-research papers in area of the athletes' satisfaction in Iran that 28 articles were selected with this criterion. Also, these articles were analyzed with the software CMA2. Results: The results of a systematic review showed that all researches in this field has been mainly descriptive-analytical and diversity of methods is low. Among the factors influencing on satisfaction of athletes, the leadership style and the power of coach were the most influential factors. Also, the results showed that the leadership styles of teaching and practice (effect size =0. 5) and positive feedback (effect size= 0. 33), reward power (effect size =0. 32) and expert power of coach (effect size =0. 30) Respectively had the greatest impact on athletes' satisfaction. Discussion & Conclusion: In General or Generally, the leadership styles of teaching and practice and positive feedback, and power of coach have the most impact on athletes' satisfaction. Thus, Iranian coaches can satisfy athletes by combination of these leadership styles and reward power.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to formulate the novel policies, strategies and scenarios based on the preferred foresight of national elite sport development. Methodology: The methodology was foresight focused on analysis method of cross impact and scenario writing. We used expert panel sampling which was purposive selection and sample size included 16 experts. Also, MICMAC as a strategic foresight software program has been utilized to analyze the cross impacts. Results: The influential driving forces were extracted from the research background and expert panel. The influence and dependence were identified. Finally, three key driving forces including the stability of tenure of managerial personnel and meritocracy, the national strategy to host mega-events and the government’ s attention to women sport were introduced, the scenarios were formulated and the probable futures were described. Conclusion: The founding can open a different vision before managers’ eyes in elite sport. The stability of the tenure of management creates the enough opportunities to conduct plans; the meritocracy in terms of human resources employment makes the executive levers for managers; to host the event leads to develop infrastructure and gain the authorities’ attention to sport; finally, the women’ s sport potential must be considered due to the global prominence of women’ s sport growth.

Objective: The spectators’ for clubs is considered the most important group for earning money. therfore identifying the needs of the sports spectators and their positive perception of the quality of the services is so important to support, presence and income for teams. Accordingly, the present research was conducted to analyze the strategic needs of the fans of the Iranian Premier League football teams. Methodology: The statistical population of this research were all fans of 3 match Persepolis-Esteghlal, Peykan-Esteghlal, Sepidrud-Persepolis. According to the number of items, 400 questionnaires were randomly distributed and finally, 373 correct questionnaires were analyzed. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach's alpha. To evaluate the Needs of fans was used Researcher-made questionnaire. Its face and content validity were confirmed by sports management and its validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Also, BCG matrix tool and quantitative analysis of gray data and relations of strategic situation in each of the dimensions and components of service quality were investigated. Result: In the analysis of the data, a five-dimensional exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was identified which was prioritized using gray relationships. These dimensions consisted of physical facilities, management factors, atmosphere, extra service, media and Notices. Conclusion: most of the research components were in question home, therefore, it is recommended that managers be encouraged to admire sports fans' satisfaction with creative and planning, which is not costly and time-consuming.

Objective: Today, the fans are one of the most important factors affecting the success of sports clubs. It seems necessary to consider the behavioral Intentions of fans and determine the factors affecting their behavioral tendencies. However, this study aimed to determine the experiential marketing dimensions affecting behavioral Intentions of fans. Methodology: This was descriptive-correlation survey study. The population consisted of all students who were the fans of Iran’ s Football League clubs. the sample was selected from among students who were the fans of Iran’ s Premier League teams at Tehran University; 388 students answered the questionnaires. The Rezaei et al. ’ s Experiential Marketing Questionnaire (2015) and Yoshida and James’ s Behavioral Tendencies Questionnaire (2010) were used as research tools. Using SMARTPLS3 software, the descriptive statistics and structural least squares equation method were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed that the Relate experience was the most important dimension affecting the behavioral Intentions of football fans; then, the cognitive and functional experience influenced the behavioral Intentions of fans. The perceptual and sense experience had no significant effect on behavioral Intentions of fans. Conclusion: Based on findings, it was recommended to football club managers and sports marketers to consider solidarity, cognitive, and functional experience of fans in order to increase their behavioral Intentions.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the goodness-of-fit and explanation of the 360-degree leadership model of Denison in sports federations. Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research included all experts of the Iran’ s sports federations that number was 320 people. Based on Morgan table, 171 people were selected by simple random sampling method as a research sample. The Denison's 360-degree leadership questionnaire (2007) was used for data collection. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability), convergent validity, and divergent validity of the questionnaires were verified and confirmed after content reliability, which was verified by 11 professors and experts. Additionally, the fitting of the general model was confirmed by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis and via Smart PLS 2 software. Results: The results of Factor Analysis show that all of 12 dimensions have a desirable level (above 0. 4). Also content validity, convergent validity (AVE) and divergent validity was at acceptable levels. Also, the general fitting value of the model was GOF = 0. 726 indicating its strong goodness-of-fit. Conclusion: Overall, the results of the study indicated that the Denison leadership model, which included four dimensions and 12 components, was approved its applicability in the Iranian sports federations and could provide a valuable tool for the managers of these federations to establish an effective leadership.

Objective: the aim of this research was the presentation of citizenship sports ecosystem framework analysis in Anzali city. Methodology: The research is carried out qualitatively in terms of structural-functional analysis and case study within strategic levels in Anzali city. The statistical population consisted of two sections: human society (31 people) and information society (37 editions). The research instruments included three methods of library study, interviewing and Delphi technique. The Validity of the instruments based on the credibility of the resources and the people surveyed, content and formalism of the interview framework, calculate coefficients of Agreement between coders desirable. Results: The findings showed that the dimensions of Anzali citizenship sports ecosystems includes a few general views. Individual citizenship, family, environment of citizen's life, media environment, trustee organizations, sports market, sports facilities, globalization of sport and sports participation. In addition to identifying the components of the citizenship sports ecosystem, the challenges and weaknesses of the platform were identified. Ultimately, proper and operational solutions Along with the pattern of division between correspondent organizations were presented. Conclusion: Based on the findings we can say Anzali Citizenship Sports Ecosystem Major capacities and capabilities on the one hand and challenges and threats on the other both structure and gender and smart adoption of strategies and strategies can simultaneously take advantage of opportunities, fixing challenges and achieve the goals.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to formulate a model for national champions' reluctance to sport retirement. Methodology: This research is exploratory-fundamental in terms of scope, qualitative in terms of methodology, and data-based in terms of strategy, with theoretical foundations and interviews as its data collection source. The population includes coaches, physical education masters, retired athletes and athletes. Targeted and quota sampling was conducted for exploratory interviews and the interviews with 22 people accounted for theoretical saturation. The interviews were depicted in Maxqda software for qualitative data analysis, along with open coding, axial coding and selective coding of reluctance to sport retirement, and the theory was created. Results: According to the results, 261 open codes with 21 main categories and 49 sub-categories were extracted in form of a paradigm model of factors of champions' reluctance to sport retirement including economic, individual, sport, social, management and political conditions. Conclusion: Managers, coaches and athletes' approach toward sport retirement can facilitate the development of programs to adapt individually and organizationally to sport retirement away from individual, social, economic, management and political crises. The research theory was presented along with categories on causative conditions, background factors, interventional factors, strategies and outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of present study was studying the Talent Development Environment status of adolescent boy judokas in premier league. Methodology: The research method has been descriptive-survey one, which has been carried out through a field study. Admin To our young judokas son of the Premier League were selected as examples. Talent development environment for data collection questionnaire was written by professors of physical education content validity and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha (0. 94), respectively. The descriptive statistics and inferential statistics mean frequency of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality of data distribution was used. Binomial test to determine the dimensions and the prioritization of Friedman test in SPSS 22 software was used. The analysis and application of Amos 22 was used. Results: Results showed significant differences in priorities from the perspective of the development of talented young judokas there. Factor analysis has shown that the development of long-term, Focus on long-term development, environmental protection network, communication and understanding of the athlete as a factor loadings (0. 94), (0. 73), (0/67), (0. 64) and (0/63) the importance of talent development has identified aspects of the environment. Conclusion: Generally, fostering and maintaining talent occurs in a specific environment and context in which attention to these factors can play an important role in the development of talent. Therefore, attention to these factors in the planning and management of talent Attention and emphasis. Actually, the dimensions of talent development environment, communication has been good condition and other aspects of their modest status in the network between the environmental protections has been the poor than the other dimensions.