Journal of Nurse and Physician Within War
Year:2021 | Volume:8 | Issue:29|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine are selective medications for toxoplasmosis, but some side effects hinder their consumption. Increasing the use of nanoparticles in biological studies and showing the benefi cial effects of manganese nanoparticles on fungi and bacteria, as well as the lack of suffi cient knowledge on its anti-Toxoplasma im-pacts, was the motivation for the design of this study. Manganese can provoke cell apoptosis by increasing the activation of the FRXO 3 a-Bim/ PUMA mRNA and caspase-3 pathway. The objective of this study was to investigate the effi cacy of manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn 2 O 3 NPs) against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in vitro. Methods: To assess the anti-Toxoplasma activity of Mn2O3 NPs, the light microscopic observation was applied to evaluate the number of residual parasites in each well. Then, the MTT method was used to specify the toxic effect of Mn 2 O 3 NPs on T. gondii toxicity. Finally, the potential apoptosis of T. gondii by Mn2O3 NPs was investigated by fl ow cytometry assay Results: The IC50 value of Mn 2 O 3 NPs against T. gondii tachyzoite was 105 μ g/ml. There was also no signifi cant toxic effect of Mn 2 O 3 NPs on macrophages due to the high percentage of surviving macrophages at the desired concentration for treatment. The fi ndings of the fl ow cytometry revealed that about 40% of tachyzoites were caused to apoptosis with Mn 2 O 3 NPs. Conclusion: Mn 2 O 3 NPs have a benefi cial effect on T. gondii tachyzoite in vitro and could be regarded as a candidate for the treatment of this infection.

Introduction: Risk management is the process of adopting policies and guidelines for accepting, identifying, evaluating, controlling, minimizing or reducing the assessed risks and selecting and implementing appropriate options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical risk management in selected military hospitals in Tehran. Methods: The present study is descriptive in terms of purpose and its method is descriptive based on the data collection method, the data of which were collected with the standard NHS QIS questionnaire. The statistical population is the members of the crisis committee and the clinical governance team, metrons, supervisors and head nurses of selected army hospitals in Tehran. Among the army hospitals in Tehran, selected hospitals (Khanevade, 502, Besat, Hajar) were randomly selected, the sample size in each hospital was selected by census of 120 people. All statistical calculations and analyzes in this study were performed using SPSS software version 18 and One Sample T-test and Pearson correlation coeffi cient. Results: Data analysis showed that all clinical risk variables (existence of risk management approach, alignment of organizational management goals, attention to risk management when making decisions, risk identifi cation and evaluation, evaluation of the effectiveness of risk management framework, use of management experiences Risk, operational planning prioritization, risk management, and adequacy of risk assessment) are above average in selected military hospitals and are confi rmed at an error level of less than 5%. According to the results, the highest mean score is related to the identifi cation variable of evaluating the effectiveness of the risk management framework with an average score of 4. 76 and the lowest is the variable of prioritization of risk management operational programs with an average of 4. 35. Conclusion: Establishing a system to support risk management in the hospital is essential for its proper functioning. In order to do this, regular clinical risk management monitoring is required to consider the possibility of accepting evolving and dynamic risks.

Introduction: Fluoroquinolones are among the most common types of antibiotics used in hospitalized patients. Accordingly, in this study, we examined the pattern of use of fl uoroquinolones in hospitalized patients. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 patients underwent fl uoroquinolones who were hospitalized in Tehran’ s Imam Reza Hospital from April to October 2016, and the consumption pattern was based on available fi les. Fluoroquinolones were determined in them. Results: In this study, the possible types of infections including pneumonia, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections and other infections were 27, 34, 21 and 18%, respectively. Percentages of ciprofl oxacin and levofl oxacin, both at 67, 31, and 2%, were prescribed. Fluoroquinolones at 26% 750 mg daily, 6% 500 mg daily, 38% 500 mg twice daily, 3% 250 mg twice daily, 11% 400 mg twice daily, 13% 200 mg twice daily and 3% were prescribed four times a day. Conclusion: In general, based on the fi ndings of this study, it is concluded that the pattern of consumption of fl uoroquinolones in the study community has few problems that can be solved by providing the necessary training to physicians in the form of training sessions or pamphlets and etc.

Introduction: Nowadays, surgery is one of the treatment methods for patients, which is considered as a stressful experience and causes psychological reactions such as anxiety. Failure to control anxiety can negatively affect the surgery results and patient’ s physical condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of face to face training on patients undergoing surgery. Methods: In this experimental study, 84 patients, who were candidates for surgery, were randomly divided into two groups of 42 patients (test and control). All patients completed demographic questionnaire and Spielberger questionnaire STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) on admission day. Then in the experimental group, patients were given face to face training the day before surgery. Before the surgery, the Spielberger questionnaire was completed again by the patients. The obtained data were analyzed using spss software (v. 18) as well as descriptive and inferential tests (frequency, percentage, mean). Results: Pre-intervention anxiety in the experimental and control groups were (91. 83 ± 4. 71) and (92. 52 ± 5. 58), respectively, which was not statistically signifi cant (p = 0. 552). However, after intervention the mean anxiety in the experimental and control groups were (87. 55 ± 3. 63) and (93. 17 ± 8. 66), respectively, which was statistically different (P <0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested to provide necessary fi elds for face to face training of patients undergoing surgery which can be effective in improving the status of patients.

Introduction: according to geographic situations and prior experiences, supervene disasters are serious treats for Iran that can be dangerous for health of many people. Hospitals must carry out missions with maximum of their effectiveness and productivity in the event of an incident. This study has done to evaluate readiness and performance of a military hospital in Kermanshah earthquake in 2017. Materials and method: This descriptive study has done in a short time after an earthquake by a hospital disaster management checklist. Data categorized in groups and analyzed with 17th version of SPSS software. Result: According to evidences total preparedness of hospital was on 46. 8%. Safety and security criteria with 70. 7% is on the top level and less level is related to communication and connection with 25% of preparedness and performance. Conclusion: Weakness and strength is related to military mission and structure of this hospital. By focus on function of triage and emergency unites and improving disaster management we can increase preparedness of hospital.

Introduction: The main purpose of this study is to examine the challenges of volunteers as part of the crisis response team for earthquake relief and relief; It also clarifi es the skills and abilities required of volunteers. Therefore, it informs the people and relief organizations about the necessary preparations for voluntary participation in crisis situations. Methods: Qualitative data collection method was used in this study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Purposeful sampling method was used to select the interviewees. Individual interviews were conducted. Data were transcribed and recorded. To evaluate and interpret the data, thematic content analysis with a deductive approach was used. Results: This report explains how to manage volunteers and its challenges in the Kermanshah earthquake. This report summarizes the results of the fi eld visit and review from the time of the accident until 6 days after the accident. According to the planning, doctrine and its implementation, in order to identify the challenges and provide recommendations for improvement and proper organization and based on principles to be used in response to future events and disasters. . Conclusion: The fi ndings of this study indicate that the importance of preparation in the pre-crisis stages for achievement of goals, which is the same, organizing self-help volunteers for more effective victimization, should be considered.

Introduction: Donalilla algae, especially Donalila salina, is one of the most studied algae cultivars for mass cultivation of Donalila as a food source. Methods: Culture medium conditions with salinity (1, 3 and 5 M), light intensity (35, 127. 5 and 220 μ mol) and nitrogen source (200, 500 and 800 mmol / l) on the level of antioxidant activity of (DPPH) Donalilla salina was optimized. Therefore, 15 treatments were designed according to the Bonken box response level method in 16 minitabs. Results: The results showed that different culture conditions (salinity, light intensity and nitrogen content) had a signifi cant effect on the amount of antioxidants in Donalilla salina so that the amount of antioxidants decreased signifi cantly with increasing nitrogen in algae culture medium and increased signifi cantly with increasing salinity and light and varied in the range of DPPH 18. 02 to DPPH 20. 95. Conclusion: The highest level of antioxidants (20. 79% of DPPH) can be achieved by creating optimal conditions of light irradiation of 165 micromol photons, salinity of 3. 34 M and nitrate concentration of 375. 75 macromol per liter.

Introduction: Mercury is the most toxic element in the environment and human communities are mainly exposing with its toxic effects via marine foods and amalgam fi llings. Effi ciency comparison of non-invasive matrices (Hair and Nails) for Hg exposure in mercury monitoring programs was the research head. Methods: Head hairs as well as fi nger and toenails were obtained from 40 students of Tarbiat Modares University. Total mercury determination was done by Advanced Mercury Analyzer 254, LECO (USA). The results were reported as Mean (SE) ng g-dw. Results: Occipital and frontal hairs, fi nger and toenails had 644(48), 662(48), 565(70) and 375(39) ng g-dw, respectively. Head hairs showed the least Coeffi cient of variation meanwhile hand nails showed the most. A signifi cant positive correlation among whole bio-monitors barring fi ngernails were observed. Although, Total Hg level was the least in toenail matrix, but its mercury concentration showed a signifi cant positive correlation with all other matrices and had the median Coeffi cient of variation, comparing with hairs and fi ngernails. Conclusion: According to the study results, toenail beside of scalp hairs were more reliable in mercury bio-monitoring. Total mercury in fi ngernail is not an approvable biomarker to monitor the public hygiene.

Introduction: Nurses play a key role in the quality of care and health promotion and are a major source of work for the hospital. Therefore, in this study different processes and proponents of human resource empowerment in nursing profession are discussed. Methods: The present study was a qualitative research using the content analysis method in 2019. The statistical population consisted of professors of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, 17 participants were studied through purposeful sampling and in-depth interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded using MAXQDA software and categorized into axial codes. Results: Findings from coding, open, central and survey showed that empowerment of human resources in the nursing profession was obtained from structural, contextual and behavioral factors during content analysis. Conclusion: During the Delphi meeting with experts, structural and contextual factors were identifi ed as drivers of behavioral empowerment in the nursing profession.