Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Title: 
Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    -
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    4695
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Title: 
Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    -
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1061
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    1-8
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1035
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The Growing evidence suggests an association between age related cataract with nutritional status and indicates the involvement of minerals in preventing cataract progression, however, this iIs less studied in Iranian population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate Na+, K+ and Ca++ status in patients with senile cataract in the North-West of Iran. A population based case-control study was conducted on 102 patients with cataract attending the morphology clinic of Tabriz university of Medical sciences and 102 healthy volunteers both over 50 years old. A food frequency and a general questionnaire were used to collect the information on the consumption of a wide variety of food items and demographic data. Capillary blood was drown to determine the serum levels of micronutrients using the atomic absorption method and the data were analyzed using food processor software. Mean serum Na+ level in the patients was found to be significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control groups (44.0±2.13 vs 49.7±2.5 µg/dl). No significant differences were observed in Ca++ and K+ levels in both patient and control groups. The nutritional assessment showed that patient.Patients with cataract have consumed significant less dairy products, vegetables, fruit and meats (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean body mass index in the patient group was significantly less than control (23.2±0.3 vs. 26.0±0.4). As cataract formation is associated with sodium pump activity, The difference of Na+ concentration observed in this study may have some contribution in the cataract development. These findings also indicate a need for health promotion activities for increasing consumption of vegetables and fruits.

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Author(s): 

BAYBURDI A. | SOLEYMANIRAD M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    9-14
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1238
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Increasing use of electromagnetic waves in living medium, industry, communication and medicine, strongly requires multi proposal evaluation of the effects of electromagnetic fields (emf), with different frequencies, on body tissues and organs. Contraversal reports on detrimental effects of emf on biological systems influenced us to study in this field. In order to evaluate the effects of uniform emf on biologic systems, we devised a calibrated emf unit (50-60 Hz, adjustable in 15 range which could produce up to 150 G emf). Six pair of pregnant rats rats were exposed on 120 G uniform electromagnetic field (50-60 Hz), for determining the effects of emf on development of embryonic cardiac muscle. They were daily exposed to emf during pregnancy and 2 month after birth for hours. Then, prepared histologic specimens of rats heart were studied by light microscopy. Histological studies showed that in experimental group in comparison to control group the size of cells and their nuclei were decreased remarkably and intercellular blood vessels were less extensive.The newly designed emf unit, in this research, has tuneable emf, large space for placing rats, better ventilation with automatic temperature control, and humidity and pressure meters. Therefore, it provides a better and suitable tool for studying the effects of electromagnetic fields. Exposure to emf resulted in decreasing cell growth and condensation of nuclei.

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Author(s): 

TOUHIDI MOHAMMAD | RAHBANI M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    15-20
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    2169
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Recently it has been reported that garlic extract inhibits LDL Oxidation and minimize oxidized LDL-induced cell injury. In this study, the antioxidant effects of garlic were further examined by determining changes in serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins and also blood pressure in normal individuals following receiving garlic powder.Serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins (cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-c and HDL-c) and blood pressure were measured in thirty one apparently healthy male students between 21-25 years old. An the students were nonsmoker living in university residency with similar nutritional status. the students received garlic powder (3/400 mg/d) (each Dose equivalent to 1000 microgram Allicin) for four weaks. Then measurement of the parameters was repeated and the results were compared with those of obtained at the banging. Cholesterol, Triglyceride and HDL-c were measured by standard enzgmatic methods. Total lipids were determined calorimetrically using phosphoric Acid-Vanllin Reaction and LDL-c Calculated by Friedewald formula and blood pressure was measured with standard method. Using test the results obtained before and after taking garlic powder were compared with each others. Reduction in the serum levels of total cholesterol triglyceride, LDL-c, tolal lipids and elevation in the levels of HDL-c and in the HDL-c/LDL-c ratio were observed but only in the cases of total lipids and HPL-c/LDL-c ratio the changes were significant (P<0.05 in both cases). Comparing the results of blood pressures although reduction in systolic and diastolic pressures was noticed but it was not significant (P>0.05).Since elevation in the Levels of total Lipids and ratio of HDL-c/LDL-c may promote atherosclerosis garlic may thus be useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases by reducing formation of oxidized lipids and altering their metabolism.

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Author(s): 

JALALI M. | NIKRAVESH M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    21-30
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    5046
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Since diabetes is a progressive disease, therefore early diagnosis is impotent in prevention of the metabolic changes associated with diabetes is a high expression of lipofuscin in erythrocytes and specially renal proximal tubular cells. This change leads to the renal toxicity, nephropathy, and provides functional disorders in kidneys. Some studies suggest that the glycogenolysis and the increase in the plasma level of free O2 radicals in the absence of vitamin E cause the changes. on the other hand, Vitamin E deficiency in renal proximal tubules decreases the cell survival. Since vitamin E is a physiological antioxidant and a membrane stabilizer, in this study we treated diabetic rats with vitamin E. For this reason, 30 male whistar rats were divided in to the groups, one control group and two experimental groups (alloxan-induced diabetic rats), (n=10). Experimental group 1 were treated for 8 weeks, With 10 mg/kg of vitamin E daily. After 8 weeks all the rats were anesthetized, dissected and their kidneys were fixed by formalin 10%. After fixation, all of specimens processed serially, sectioned and stained with Schmorel, s method.The results indicated a significant decrease in lipofuscin level of the experimental group 1 in comparison the group 2. This result indicates that vitamin E may prevent lipofuscin production and provide a renal protection against diabetes.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    31-36
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1143
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Captopril is an angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension. It is freellly water soluble and has an elimination half-life after oral dose of 1.7 h. Various methods are available to formulate water soluble drugs into sustained release dosage forms by retarding the dissolution rate. One of the methods used to control drug release and hence, prologn therapeutic activity is to use hydrophilic and lipophilic polymers. In this study the effects of various polymers (hydroxyprpylemethylcellulose,) ethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and surfactants (sodium lauryl sulphate, ceytltriammonium bromide and arlacel 60) on the release rate of captopril were investigated. The results showed that an increase in the amount of HPMC KI5M resulted in a reduction in the release rate of captopril from matrices. When the HPMC was partly replaced by NaCMC (the ratio of HPMC: NaCMC was 5:1) the release rate of the drug significantly decreased. However, there was no significant difference in release rate of captopril from matrices produced with the ratios of 5:1 and 2:1 of HPMC:NaCMC. The presence of lactose in matrices containing HPMC and NaCMC increased the release rate of captopril. It was interesting that although partial replacement of HPMC by EC reduced the release rate of the drug (ratio of HPMC: EC was 2:1), when the ratio of HPMC:EC was reduced to 1:1 the release rate was increased. The effects of various surfactants on the release rate of captopril from HPMC: EC (1:1) matrices was also investigated. The results showed that the surfactants did not significantly change the release rate of the drug. Release rate of the drug. Release data were examined kinetically and the ideal kinetic models were estimated for the drug release.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    37-44
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1020
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background Regarding the outbreak of migraine attacks and problems of it, we decide to asses available treatments. Due to common use of hypericum for migraine in our country and no registered investigation about it, we research it and compared with amitriptyline and propranolol. Methods: According to IHS* criteria, migraine patients were diagnosed and if indicated, would treat randomly with hypericum, amitriptyline or propranolol. Response to the treatments was assessed regarding to severity, frequeney, and duration of the attacks monthly for 3 months. Results: From all patients, 181 persons were diagnosed as migraine that only 96 patients cooperate. These results obtained: Hypericum decreased firstly duration and severity of attacks (85.7%) then the freguency (71.4%). Amitriptyline diminished the freguency in 91.7%, and severity in 100% of the patients. Propranolol decreased the freguency in 100%, and the duration & severity in 80% of migraines.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    45-54
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1064
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Measurement of anticonvulsant drug concentrations, particularly in free form, may serve as an efficient tool in the management of epileptic patients. However, in the most our hospitals, the drug treatment protocol is prepared based on the recommended dose of drugs and clinical assessment of patients. The aim of this study is to investigate carbamazepine serum total and saliva concentrations in epileptic patients with and without refractory epilepsy. The subjects were 30 epileptic patients without refractory epilepsy and 24 patients with refractory epilepsy undergoing treatment in Imam Khomeine and Razi hospitals of Tabriz in 1999. The serum and saliva samples were collected in the morning before taking the morning dose and the levels of carbamazepine were measured using HPLC. Although the average dose received by patients with refractory epilepsy was grater than that of patients without refractory epilepsy (p<0.05), no significant difference was found in the serum or saliva levels in these two groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, these values were in the almost lowest end of therapeutic range of carbamazepine. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the treatment protocol of patients with refractory epilepsy through measurement of the carbamazepine concentration in the serum or preferentially saliva. There was also some evidence indicating that some pharmacokinetics properties of carbamazepine might be different in patients with refractory epilepsy compared with patients without refractory epilepsy.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    55-62
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1498
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

pH sensitive hydrogel networks comprising a poly (methacrylic acid) backbone and poly ethylene glycol ester of 5-amino salicylic acid were synthesized by associated complex formation, and their aquilibrium swelling properties were chracterized in water and aqueous solutions of ethanol. The release profiles of hydro gels were obtained by hydrolysis in buffered solutions (pH 1.2, 7.2 and 8.5). These hydro gels are known to exhibit swelling transitions in response to formation of hydrogen bonded complexes. The composition of hydrogels and pH value of hydrlysis medium are known two important factors in hydrolysis behavior of polymers.

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Author(s): 

FARID J. | KARBASSI A. | NEMATI A.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    63-69
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2221
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Loratadine is a potent competitive antagonist of H1receptors which attaches to the peripheral H1 receptors selectively and also to the H1receptors of brain with less affinity, therefore there is almost no central nervous system side effects such as sedation.Loratadine tablets is administered one tablet each day ill the reliep of the symptoms of allergic seasonal rhinitis and idiopathic chronic urticaria.Different formulations containing 10 mg loratadine were prepared using wet and dry granulation methods. In wet granulation, water, starch paste and aqueous solution of PVP were used as granulating liquid. This study showed that wet granulation method using PVP aqueous solution as binder was the proper method, and the produced tablets had good physicochemical properties which were comparable with Claritin.

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Author(s): 

NAZEMIEH H. | AFSHAR J.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    71-86
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1302
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The air dried leaves, flowers and fruits of Crataegus meyeri were ground to powder and each sample was extracted with petroleum ether (30-60), Chloroform and Methanol/Water mixture (70/30), respectively.Concentration of methanolic extract under reduced pressure at 50°C gave brown syrup which after dilution with water, was reextracted with Chloroform, Ethylacetate and n-Butanol, respectively. Separation and purification of polyphenoles of these extractes were carried out using different techniques and yeilded 10 different compounds such as Hyperoside, Isoquercitroside, Vitexin, 2"-rhamnosyl-vitexin...,

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    87-93
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1403
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was encapsulated with cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), ethylcellulose (EC) or their mixtures by an emulsion non-solvent addition method. The release profiles of prepared microcapsules with different ratios of drug to polymer (10:1 and 4:1) and tabulated microcapsules were evaluated at pH 1.2 or 6. The results showed that a reduction in the ratio of drug to polymer resulted in a reduction in release rate. The microcapsules prepared with EC showed the lowest release rate. The in vitro release studies showed that the drug release rate decreased after tableting, because of the formation of a non-disintegrating matrix. Release of ASA at pH 6 is significantly higher in all microcapsules, even when using EC which is not water soluble. This is probably due to better solubility of ASA at pH 6 indicating incomplete film formation around the ASA particles. Release data were examined kinetically and the ideal kinetic models were estimated for drug release. The results showed that for tableted microcapsules the highest correlation coefficient was achieved with the zero-order release. For tableted microcapsules containing CAP or the mixture of CAP and EC contribution of erosion was higher than that of untalented microcapsules.

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