ARAK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL (AMUJ)
Year:2016 | Volume:19 | Issue:8 (113)|Papers Count:11

Background: Diabetes mellitus was induced, when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin (diabetes type 1) or is unable to use insulin properly (diabetes type 2). In this study, we compare serumnesfatin-1 level in type 1 and 2 diabetic male rats.Materials and Methods: 18 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: control, diabetes type 1, and diabetes type2. Diabetes type 1 was induced by a single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) and diabetes type 2 was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg) and NA (110 mg/kg). Weight, FBG (fasting bloodglucose), insulin, nesfatin-1 were measured in all groups after 6 weeks.Results: Nesfatin-1 levels were increased in diabetic rats compared to the control. Its level inserum was significantly higher in type 2 compared to type 1 diabetic rats. Serum insulin and body weightwere reduced significantly in diabetic rats compared to control. Body weight was lower significantly intype 1 than type 2 diabetic rats. FBG was increased significantly in diabetic rats compared to control and itwas higher in type 2 compered to type 1 diabetic rats significantly.Conclusion: The results indicated that nesfatin-1 level in serum of type 2 diabetic rats was higherthan type 1, probably because of higher weight and less destruction of beta cells in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Candida albicans is still the main etiologic agent of candidiasis. However, infections of non-albicans Candida species are increasing. Candida dubliniensis is similar to C. albicans phenotypically and must be identified due to the better management of infection. The aim of the present study is to defferentiate and identify Candida species by Duplex PCR for gettingan epidemiological data of Candida species among clinical specimens.Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform method from freshcolonies. Internal Transcribed Spacer region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. Based on differences of bands sizes on agarose gel electrophoresis, species were identified.Results: Ninety four out of 100 patients (49 males and 51 females) had predisposing factors in the present study. Diabetes (73.4%), use of antibiotic (6.3%), vitamin deficiency (4.3%)were the main predisposing factors. The most specimens belonged to mouth (75%), vagina (5%), and blood (4%). All isolates were identified as C. albicans.Conclusion: Duplex PCR is a rapid and precise method for the detection and differentiation of Candida species carefully, and in this method, phenotypic tests like germ-tube and chlamydoconidia production, as well as biochemical tests are not required for clinical laboratories that have limited resources and time for response to the patients, and it can replace with the traditional methods.

Background: Hydatidiform Mole is a benign trophoblastic tumor is made of ectopic pregnancy. Abnormalities in the number or structure of chromosomes are causes of Hydatidiform Mole common numericaldisorders resulted from proliferating repetitive sequences markers as called STR were studied inthe region of chromosome X, Y, 13, 18 and 21. This study aimed to investigate chromosomal disordersprevalent in women with hydatidiform mole, that was performed using QF-PCR techniques.Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 women with hydatidiform mole and 80 healthy womenas controls were selected. For studying the chromosomal abnormalities resulted of proliferating STR, Chromo Quant QF-PCR kit was used. Polymerase chain reaction was performed in PCR machine. Thenelectrophoresis was performed on Genetic Analyzer. Finally, amplified fragment were analyzed by GeneMarker software Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 19, and t-test. Data were expressedas mean ± SD. In this test, p<0.05 represents significant level between two groups.Results: In this study, of 50 samples, 8 samples of 47XXY (16%), 40 samples of trisomy 21 (80%) and 2 cases of trisomy 18 (4%) were identified.Conclusion: Anomalies Trisomy 21 (41±1.58) and 47XXY (9.62±1.36) are significantly associatedwith mydatidiform mole disease (p<0.001). The highest percentage of samples with trisomy 21 and47XXY had the disease. So, it indicates that these anomalies have the highest percentage in the disease.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with reductions in fertility indices. Resistance training, on theother hand, through reducing the adverse effects of diabetes, exerts a positive impact on diabetic individuals. The aimof the present study was to examine the effects of ten weeks of resistance training on serum levels of reproductivehormones and sperm parameters in Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus type 2.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 36 Wistar rats with mean weight of 200±50 were randomlyassigned to healthy control, diabetic control and diabetic training groups. The diabetic resistance traininggroup received ten weeks of resistance training (climbing up the ladder) following the induction of diabetes. Twentyfourhours after the last training session, left epididymis of the rats was examined for studying sperm parameters andblood serum samples were examined for evaluating reproductive hormones. Data were analyzed using one-wayANOVA and Turkey’s Post Hoc test at 0.05%.Results: Ten weeks of resistance training induced significant increases in serum testosterone and FSH levelsin the resistance training group in comparison to the diabetic group (p<0.007). Resistance training did not have anysignificant effects on serum LH levels in the resistance training group compared to the diabetic control group. In addition, sperm parameters (sperm count, survival rate and motility) presented significant improvements compared tothe diabetic group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Resistance training can improve sperm parameters, including sperm count, survival rate andmotility, through increasing serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels (reproductive hormones) in rats with diabetesmellitus type 2.

Background: We are aware of no study evaluating the effects of zinc supplementation on metabolic profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on glucose homeostasis parameters in PCOS women.Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 52 women diagnosed with PCOS and aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to receive 220 mg zinc sulfate (containing 50 mg zinc) supplements (n=26) or placebo (n=26) per day for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention to quantify glucose and insulin.Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, zinc-supplemented patients had reduced fasting plasmaglucose (FPG) (-4.3±9.6 vs.+0.5±6.0 mg/dL, p=0.03), serum insulin (-3.0±2.9 vs.+1.5±8.4 mIU/ml, p=0.01), serum triglycerides levels (-15.6±40.3 vs.+14.5±25.3 mg/dL, p=0.002) and a significant increase in insulin sensitivity (+0.02±0.02 vs. -0.004±0.05, p=0.03) compared with the placebo.Conclusion: Taken together, 220 mg zinc sulfate supplementation per day for 8 weeks among PCOS women had beneficial effects on metabolic profiles.

Background: Understanding the real needs of children with cerebral palsy and their families helps the therapists to provide adequate health care service for them. This study aimed to determine the needs of mothering handling training for family caregiving of children and youth with CP at home based on the level of gross motor function.Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive, analytical and cross sectional study that was performed on 186 children 4-12 year olds with CP from the rehabilitation clinics in the city of Arak.They were selected by simple and purposeful sampling. Clinical tests were Gross Motor Measure Function Classification System Expanded & Revised (GMFCS E& R) to assess the severity of gross motor functionlesions and canadian Occupational performance measure (COPM) to determine the needs. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests such as: statistical test and two-way ANOVA.Results: The most important need of mothering handling training was self care training specially toileting, feeding, eating and functional mobility related to children with CP in the level of V of GMFCSE& R (transported in a manual wheelchair). There were no significant differences in needs of mothering handling training in areas of sex and severity of gross motor function lesions (p>0.05).Conclusion: It seems that therapists should combine maternal handling trainings with other interventions in therapy programs, especially in the area of self- care.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive emotional regulation strategies, sensory processing sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity in patients with multiple sclerosis and normalpeople.Materials and Methods: Statistical population of this study was all of patients with multiple sclerosis that referred to M.S association of Iran in the tehran. Sample of this study was 30 individuals of patients with multiple sclerosis selected by available sampling method and were matched with 30 individuals of normal people. Two groups completed cognitive emotion regulation, high sensory processing sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity questionnaires. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Multivariate Analysis of Variance.Results: The results indicated that there is significant difference between two groups in view of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in which the mean of scores of patients with multiple sclerosis inmaladaptive strategies of self- blame, catastrophizing and other blame were more than normal people and mean of scores of them in adaptive strategies of positive refocusing, positive reappraisal and putting intoperspective were less than normal people. The results also indicated that there is a significant difference between two groups in anxiety sensitivity and sensory processing sensitivity.Conclusion: The most of emotional problems in patients with multiple sclerosis can be the result of more application of maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, high sensory processing sensitivity and high anxiety sensitivity.

Background: Eryngium caucasicum Trautv has antioxidant properties due to the presence of flavonoids andphenolic compounds. So, the present study was done to investigate the protective effects of Eryngium caucasicumTrautv extract on tricyclazole induced hepatotoxicity in mice.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 mice were divided into 6 groups including control, sham, tricyclazole (TCZ) and three experimental groups. The mice in the tricyclazole group, received 50 mg/kg TCZvia intraperitoneal injection and experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 received respectively 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of extractvia gavage for 4 weeks and 2 days per week. The sham group received only sterile water. At the end, serumlevels of ALT, AST and ALP, serum concentration of albumin and total bilirubin were measured. Also, total phenoliccompounds and flavonoids in the extract were measured. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA.Results: Tricyclazole increased serum levels of aminotransferase, phosphatase alkaline and total bilirubinand decreased serum concentration of albumin. But, treatment with extract decreased liver enzymes and bilirubin andincreased levels of albumin (p<0.05). Amount of total phenolic compounds and the flavonoids were measured 91.16mg/gr galicacid in extract and 84.48 mg/gr quercetin in extract, respectively.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that Eryngium caucasicum Trautv extract due to the presence of highphenolic compounds has protective effects on tricyclazole induced hepatotoxicity.

Background: Osteoporosis is describesd as a disorder and skeletal disease that decrease bonestrength and increases the risk of a bone fractures. Genetic factors have effect role in the progression of theosteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LRP4 gene polymorphism with osteoporosis in a population of postmenopausal women from north of Iran.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 80 female patients with osteoporosis and 80healthy females without osteoporosis with average age of 45-60 has been investigated. After DNA extraction from genome samples, polymorphism of LRP4 (rs4752947) gene have been investigated by PCRRFLP method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results: Our results showed no significant relationship between polymorphism ofLRP4 (rs4752947) gene and the risk of osteoporosis disease in two patients and control groups. Also, ATgenotype and TT genotype compared with AA genotype increased the chance of disease by 1379 and 3.5, respectively. In addition, TT alleles compared with AA alleles, increased the chance of osteoporosis up to1.605 times.Conclusion: Of course, more complementary studies considering other LRP4 gene subtypes withmore individuals for better findings are needed.

Background: Carbon tetrachloride is one of the chemical toxins, disturbing bone marrow textureand changing the serum blood proteins. In this study, the protective effect of Avicennia marina leaf extracton bone marrow texture of rats induced by carbontetrachloride is investigated.Materials and Methods: 42 male rats were divided randomly in to 6 groups: group induced by CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride 1: 1 with olive oil, 2 ml/kg single dose, i, p), sham (taking olive oil, 2ml/kg i, psingle dose) and control (taking normal saline, 2ml/kg, i, p single dose). Treated groups (1, 2 and3): induced by carbon tetrachloride 1: 1 with olive oil, 2ml/kg single dose and then after two hours treated by 200mg/Kg, 400mg/Kg and 800mg/kg AME /day for 96 hrs, i, p) After the examination the blood sampleswere collected from heart directly and WBC and blood proteins such as Albumin, total protein separationof serum and Sections sternum bone were analyzed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and statistical significancedifferences were accepted at (p<0.05).Results: The necrotic bone marrow texture, WBC, serum Albumin and total protein of the treatmentgroups showed a significant increase rather than group induced by CCl4 (p<0.001).Conclusion: The Avicennia marina leaf has active antioxidant and flavonoids compounds whichprobably have protective effects on bone marrow texture from toxic agents such as CCl4.