Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2018 | Volume:16 | Issue:11 |Papers Count:11

Background and Objectives: Exercise training can be effective in reducing subcutaneous and visceral fat. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on visceral fat in obese women.Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial design, 34 obese healthy women were randomly divided into three groups of MICT, HIIT, and control. The subjects of the training groups practiced for 12 weeks, three times a week. MICT protocol consisted of 30 minutes of running with the 45-60 percent of heart rate reserve (HRR) and HIIT protocol included four intervals of 4 min (4×4) at 85-95 percent of maximum heart rate (HRmax). The control group had no exercise program. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the start of training program, and again 48 hours after the end of training period in indoor sports hall in Baneh. Data analysis was performed using the repeated measures ANOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni test,and Pearson’s correlation test. Results: In both MICT (from 99.18±13.19 to 62.82±18.84) and HIIT (from 88.23±7.13 to 56.99±9.48) groups after 12 weeks of training, a significant decrease in RBP4 was observed (in both groups, p< 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the experimental groups compared to the control group in the post-test about RBP4 (p<0.05). But, fasting glucose levels dropped significantly only in the HIIT group from 88.96±3.74 to 80.55±4.52 mg/dl (p= 0.030). Additionally, body weight, body fat percentage, body mass index, and waist to hip circumference were decreased significantly after 12 weeks of training in both exercising groups (p<0.05). While, the changes in insulin and insulin resistance index was not significant in any of the groups. Conclusion: It is likely that both MICT and HIIT protocol had significant effects on reducing visceral and subcutaneous fat in obese women, although there does not seem to be much difference between these two training programs.

Background and Objectives: Thriving is defined as a set of positive human performances in the psychological, physical, and social context, and is associated with psychological well-being. Therefore, due to the role of psychological well-being in academic performance, academic success, achievement of personal goals, and the reduction of absenteeism in college students, measuring this variable is considered important. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the thriving scale among the students of the University of Isfahan in 2017.Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive research. The population of the study included all the students who attended University of Isfahan in the 2017-2018 academic year. Of these individuals, 120 students were selected by convenience sampling. In order to analyze the material of the scale, the correlation between the scores of each question and the total score was used. In order to examine the convergence validity, Pearson's correlation coefficient between the scores of Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used, and in order to investigate the divergence validity, the correlation coefficient between the scores of BIT and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) was utilized.Results: The correlation coefficients between the items and the total score were significant in all cases and were at the range of 0.36 to 0.70. Moreover, factor analysis indicated the existence of one factor (P<0.001). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.84 while the half-split reliability coefficient was equal to 0.74. No difference was observed between the mean scores of male and female students in the study (p=0.846).Conclusion: The results express sufficient reliability and validity for the thriving scale in the community of college students.

Background and Objectives: Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. Individuals with insomnia often report more functioning problems. Numerous studies have shown that cognitive and emotional factors have an important role in the onset and maintenance of insomnia. The purpose of this study was to predict the severity of insomnia based on the cognitive and emotional variables and personality traits presented by DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in students of Kurdistan University in 2016.Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive study. The study population consisted of all students who were educating at the University of Kurdistan in the academic year 2016-17. 190 students were selected by means of available sampling and then subjected to the study. 6 questionnaires were used as means of data collection, including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-10), the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS), and the Personality Inventory DSM-5 (PID-5) The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariable regressions analysis.Results: The results of the study revealed that there are significant positive relationships between all cognitive, emotional variables, and conflict personality areas and insomnia severity (P<0.01). The highest correlation coefficient was pre-sleep arousal, which was the most important variable in this study (r=0.56). These factors could account for 41% of the variation in the insomnia severity. Regression coefficients in stepwise method for linear combination of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, rumination, pre-sleep arousal, worry and personality areas with insomnia severity were significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Based on the research findings, these cognitive, emotional, and personality variables can be important components of insomnia, therefore, treatment with the focus on these variables may lead to better outcomes.

Background and Objectives: Petrochemical wastewater contains some kinds of toxic substances but if the effluent is treated properly, its reuse will be possible. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of wastewater treatment of Shazand Petrochemical Corporation and feasibility of its effluent reuse in green space irrigation and cooling towers.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the results of tests conducted by the laboratory of Shazand Petrochemical Corporation in 2016 were evaluated and analyzed, and then the feasibility of its effluent reuse in irrigation of green spaces and cooling towers was investigated. So the amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), Fecal Coliform, Total Coliform, turbidity and free chlorine in effluent of pond chlorination and also the amount of silica, alkalinity, calcium hardness, sulphate, COD, electrical conductivity and iron in the effluent of reverse electrodialysis unit were measured. Results: The results showed the maximum efficiency of wastewater treatment in the removal of COD was 98 percent. The amount of parameters in the effluent of chlorination pond was in accordance with the environmental standards for irrigation of green spaces and treated wastewater in the electrodialysis unit that with having maximum 0.12 mg/L iron, 126 mg/L sulfate ,and electrical conductivity 695 ϻs/cm was suitable for use in cooling towers.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the effluent of chlorination pond can be used for irrigation of green space and also the treated wastewater in reverse electrodialysis unit can be used in cooling towers.

Background and Objectives: Adolescence is one of the most critical periods of human growth. Considering the importance of body shape and weight especially in girls and the effects of malnutrition in this period on future health, this study was conducted to investigate the malnutrition status, and its relationship with some socioeconomic factors in adolescent girls in Tabriz.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 725 high school girl students with the mean age of 15.83 years were selected by random cluster sampling method and the demographic questionnaire was completed, then their height and weight were measured. Body mass index for age, underweight, overweight, obesity, and stunting after-definition were calculated and compared with those of CDC 2000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) standards. Data were analyzed by using chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and t-test.Results: Stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity prevalence were 5.2%, 5%, 9.9%, and 5%, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between education in private school and height (p=0.009) and weight (p=0.015), and mother’s occupation and height (p=0.050).Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, the prevalence of malnutrition in adolescent girls in Tabriz was acceptable and expected. However, due to the observed relationship between some of factors and malnutrition including underweight, overweight, and stunting, monitoring and controling these indices in certain time periods can be useful and recommended.

Background and Objectives: Suicide is a phenomenon that is common among young people and is divided into different types. Self-mutilation is a part of suicide behavior and is a major problem among the military forces, especially the soldiers. This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidal behavior in Iranian military forces.Materials and Methods: The present review article has been conducted in spring 2017 with the help of search engines: SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, and PubMed. In the search strategy the “Soldier”, “Suicide”, “Army” “Military”, and “Self-mutilation” key words and their Persian equivalents were used.Results: During the screening process, of a total of 321 papers, 305 articles were excluded from the study for various reasons and only 16 articles were included. Of these, 4 articles had directly reported the statistics of suicidal thoughts of the soldiers. In most studies, several aspects of suicidal behavior had been investigated. The prevalence of suicidal ideation in the country's soldiers was estimated to be from 5.8 up to 28.4 percentConclusion: Suicidal thoughts in soldiers were estimated to be relatively high. Therefore, serious and appropriate measures should be taken by the relevant authorities to minimize it.

Background and Objectives: Entrepreneurship is the process of creating a new thing by assigning time and effort along with accepting financial, physical and social risks with receiving the results of monetary rewards, personal satisfaction, and independence. In developing countries such as Iran, gaining competitive advantage and solving public problems like unemployment are bound to develop entrepreneurship. This study aimed to determine the entrepreneurship abilities in environmental health graduates of Mazandaran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in 2017 using a valid and reliable questionnaire including 74 items on a 4-point Likert scale. Sampling was done among 85 graduates of environmental health in Mazandaran province in convenience method. Data were analyzed by Pearson and t-test.Results: Among the subjects, there were 49 (57.6%) women and 72 (84.7%) BSc graduates, and 32 (37.6%) persons had temporary occupations. Ten persons (11.7%) had experienced the launch of an independent business, but only two people were able to continue business. In the components of entrepreneurship 70 persons (82.3%), independence 81 persons (95.2%), and creativity 79 persons (92.9%) were weak. There was a significant relationship between entrepreneurial ability in the two sexes, it was high in men (p=0.012).Conclusion: Graduates were weak in entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and pay attention to enhancing the entrepreneurship capability in educational programs and educational assistance.

Background and Objectives: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare, usually benign neoplasm of neural crest origin. MNTI usually arises in infants within the first year of life. The tumor is usually observed in head and neck areas especially in maxilla; however it has been reported in other areas such as hip, bone marrow, and ovary as well. It usually appears as a soft tissue swelling, frequently affecting bone. The tumor is aggressive and grows rapidly, and results in tooth displacement. In plain radiographs, MNTI appears as intrabony expansive areas of radiolucency, usually with poorly demarcated margins.Computed tomography (CT) scans provide important information regarding the extent of the lesion, thereby assisting in the development of a surgical plan.Case Report: The patient was a 7-month -old infant. According to his family, they found out about the existence of a small tumor in anterior maxilla 4 months before referring to the medical center, which in this period of time had grown very quickly. The patient did not have any other problem except eating difficulty. He went under surgery and a sample was taken and sent for pathological examination. The result reported a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor. The infant was under observation for 2 years and no recurrence was observed. Conclusion: Neuroectodermal tumor is a rare and locally aggressive tumor, thus early diagnosis and treatment is very important to prevent its vast invasion.