Armaghane Danesh
Year:2015 | Volume:20 | Issue:7 (102)|Papers Count:11

Background & aim: Among the different and new methods for treating urolithisis, ureteroscopy is the most popular modality for distal ureteral stones. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of intravenous aminophylline on the ureteral muscle spasm caused by acute phase of renal colic and finally its effect on the success rate of the transurethral ltihotripsy (TUL).Methods: In a double blind clinical trial, 88 patients with ureteral stones were randomized in 2 groups: aminophylline (group A) and normal saline (group B). One hour before operation during a period of 30 minutes, 250 mg aminophylline in 100 ml normal saline was infused in group A intravenously and 100 ml normal saline in group B at the same speed. The duration of operation, the success rate of TUL, and the need for accessory procedures such as ureteral stenting and Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL) were recorded. The complications and success rates of operations were evaluated 2 weeks and again 3 months after operations. Analysis of the results was done by SPSS software version 18 and T-test.Results: The durations of operation for TUL in group A and B were 5.12±1.77 and 6.59±3.47 minutes, consecutively, that is statistically significant (p<0.05). The TUL success rate in group A and B were in 42 patients (97.6%) and 37 patients (84%), consecutively, that is statistically insignificant. There was also no statistical significant difference between necessity of accessory procedures such as DJ insertion and SWL, Vital signs including blood pressure and heart rate, before receiving medication and after anesthesia were identical in both groups.Conclusion: This study shows that although the duration of operation was statistically shorter in group A, there were not statistically significant differences in success rates and complications of TUL in both groups, but generally we can suggest that aminophylline may facilitate ureteroscopy. More studies with more sample sizes may be needed for documenting the effect of aminophylline on TUL.

Background & aim: Stroke is the third death agent (factor) in industrial countries after cardiovascular disease and cancer. With regard to high content of antioxidant materials in flax seed oil like α-linolenic acid, lignan as well as phenolic combinations like secoisolarisirsinol (SDG), this study performed for studding relationship between of cerebral ischemic lesion and motor-nerve disorders in model of stroke in rat.Methods: In the study, 35 male mice from strain Wistar divided to 5 groups. The groups included control, sham and 3 experimental groups. They received doses 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 ml/kg from flax seed oil orally. By gavage for 30 days two control and sham groups received aqua distillate (distil water). Two hours after the last gavaged dose, overly group with 7 pieces operated for measurement of the amount of cerebral lesion and motor-nerve disorders. (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model). Middle cerebral Artery Occlusion by the model resulted in local ischemic stroke in animal. Data analyzed by software SPSS, test ANOVA and disorders by test mann-Whitney.Results: Average of records of motor-nerve disorders decreased significantly in group with dose 0.5 and 0.75 using flax seed oil (P<0.05). The amount of cerebral ischemic lesion in doses 0.5 and 0.75 than to control group is indicated meaning full different, but percent of the total cerebral lesion in control group in compared group with dose 0.25 is not indicated meaningful different. Percent of the amount of ischemic lesion in region penumbra in group 0.75 and 0.5 than to control group is indicated meaningful different, but percent of the amount of lesion in region penumbra in control group in compared region penumbra in group with dose 0.25 is not indicated meaning full different.Conclusion: Findings of the study indicated that flax seed oil, particular in doses 0.5 and 0.75 resulted to decrease of the amount of cerebral ischemic lesion and decrease of motor-nerve disorders in animal model of stroke.

Background and aim: Exercise activities increase bone mass, however, the effect of detraining and inactivity on osteoporosis in active people who take part in regular physical activity, are still not well understood .The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill running exercise together with detraining on osteoporosis in Oophorectomized rats.Methods: Fifty female rats divided randomly into control; experimental 1 (oophorectomized rats for 12 weeks); experimental 2 (oophorectomized rats for 22 weeks); experimental 3 (oophorectomized rats undergoing treadmill running exercise); and experimental 4 (oophorectomized rats undergoing treadmill running exercise together with a period of detraining) groups. Control group sacrificed in the beginning of the study. The experimental groups of 3 and 4 exercised for 10 weeks. After the training period, The experimental groups of 1 and 3 were sacrificed, while, experimental groups 4 and 2 remained detraining. The exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill (3 days/week for 10 weeks). The speed of treadmill was adjusted constant at 12 m/min and the duration of exercise began from 10 min in the first week and reached up to 64 min in the 10th week of exercise. At the end of study, all rats were sacrificed and their femurs were removed for bone micro structures (cortical and trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation) and bone strength analysis. We used One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe test to compare the groups after evaluation of Homology of variances by Shapiro wilk test. P£0.05 considered significant.Results: Trabecular thickness decreased significantly in experimental groups of 1 and 2 compared with control group (P<0.05). Bone strength and cortical thicknesses decreased significantly in experimental groups of 2 compared with control group (P<0.01). Bone strength and femoral micro structures improved in experimental group of 3 compared with experimental group of 1 and in experimental group of 4 compared with experimental group of 2 (P<0.001). cortical thickness decreased significantly in experimental group of 4 compared with experimental group of 3 (P<0.025).Conclusion: Moderate intensity treadmill running exercise has a prophylactic effects on osteoporosis which remain after detraining. Prevention of osteoporosis leads to reduce of pathological fractures.

Background & aim: The wide-spread use of cell phones is the most significant risk factor of human health in the age of technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cell phone radiation with a freguency of 940 MHz on serum level of cortisol and changes in anxiety level in male rats.Methods: In the present laboratory-experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats with the average weight 190±10 gr were divided into control (group that did not receive treatment) and experimental group 1 (group exposure to cell phone radiation for 1 h/day), experimental group 2 (group exposure to cell phone radiation for 3 h/day) and experimental group 3 (group exposed to cell phone radiation for 6 h/day), After 8 weeks, Elevated Plus Maze was used for anxiety evaluation. This means that the percentage of elapsed time and number of entry into the open arm were calculated. Blood samples were also obtained using cardiac puncture method and after serum preparation, levels of cortisol were measured using the ELFA method. The data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test (one-way analysis of variance between groups) and SPSS software version 19.Results: The results indicated that the serum level of cortisol significantly increased in rats of experimental group 3 (the cell phone radiation for 6 h/day) compared to control animals (P<0.05). No significant difference was obsereved comparing the experimental groups 1 and 2 with the control group. Furthermore, the results of the elevated plus maze test showed that the percentage of time spent in open arms significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared to the control rats (P<0.001). There was also significant decrease in the percentage of entries into open arms in all experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). The reduction in elapsed time and number of entry into the open arm was indicative of increased anxiety in all experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 as compared to the control group.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the exposure to cell phone radiation as a major environmental stressor resulted in enhanced anxiety level accompanied by increased serum level of cortisol. Accordingly, the controls on the face of the stimulus and its negative effects seem to be necessary.

Background & aim: Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent used in the treatment of cancer that has many side effects on different organs, including the gonads .The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an antioxidant Ellagic acid on cyclophosphamide -induced toxicity in rat fetal ovarian tissue.Methods: Forty two pregnant female Wistar rats weighing 250-200 gr were randomly divided into seven groups. The first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth 5 mg/ kg cyclophosphamide on days 1, 13 and 18 were given intraperitoneal remote pregnancy .The fourth, fifth and sixth groups hour after receiving cyclophosphamide, Ellagic acid (10 mg/kg) has received in the course of pregnancy. Control groups and seven groups (normal) during pregnancy daily orally received 0.5 mL of saline. After postpartum, Neonatal rats were anesthetized with ether. Animals were dissects, then Ovaries were removed and transferred to 10% formalin solution. After tissue processing, tissue sections were prepared and H&E stained. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Oneway ANOVA test.Results: The groups that were exposed to cyclophosphamide ovarian mean of diameter, primordial follicle diameter and number of follicular cell of primordialin control group compared to ellagic acid treatments showed a significant decrease.Conclusion: The results showed that Ellagic acid due to its antioxidant properties could reduce the harmful effects caused by cyclophosphamide in the fetal ovary.

Background & aim: Phenylhydrazine (PHZ), a recognized oxidant agent, can cause a variety of side effects including hepatic disorders. The present study aimed to explore the possible hepatoprotective effects of royal jelly (RJ) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on PHZinduced hepatotoxicity in mice.Methods: In the present randomized controlled experimental study, thirty-two adult male mice were categorized into four groups of eight mice each. Two groups of mice received PHZ at a dose of 60 mg/kg per 48 hours intraperitoneally for 35 days. RJ was administered to one of these groups at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day orally four hours before PHZ injection. A vehicle-treated control group and a RJ-only treated group were also included. Serum and hepatic samples were collected 24 hours after the last treatment and subjected to biochemical and histomorphometric examinations, respectively. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan test for post-hoc comparisons.Results: PHZ treatment caused a significant elevation (P<0.05) in serum concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and malondealdehyde and decreased serum level of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and albumin. Moreover, PHZ significantly increased diameters of hepatocytes and their nuclei as well as number of Kupffer cells. Notably, RJ pretreatment improved all changes in the above-mentioned parameters.Conclusion: RJ by virtue of its antioxidant properties may reduce PHZ-induced hepatic damages in mice. However, the exact mechanism by which RJ cause these effects merits further studies.

Background & aim: Arginine by regulating the biological activity of the brain plays an important role in reducing stress. Today's, stress is one of the century disease that created many problem. This study conducted to determine the protective effect of arginine on nitric oxide levels in maternal fetal brain tissue under stress.Methods: Twenty pregnant Wistar rats (200-250 gr) were randomly divided into four groups. With and without stress groups received arginine (200 mg/kg) intraperitoneal from 5-20 days of pregnancies. Control with and sham without stress received 2 ml of normal saline. The pregnant rats were anesthetized by ketamine (100 mg/kg) on the day 20 then the fetuses removed and weighed. Twenty five brain of fetal brain rat from each group were chosen for measuring of forebrain thickness and brain volume. Another 25 brain were chosen for measuring of nitric oxide. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA.Results: Nitric oxide Levels reduced in stress rats treated with arginine compared to control group (P<0.05). The mean thickness of forebrain and hippicampal formation decreased in stress rats versus unstressed, but was not significant. The mean weight decreased significantly in stress group compared to the unstressed group (P<0.05).Conclusions: Arginine could protect the brain tissue and fetal weight by reducing the level of oxidative stress in the pregnant rats.

Backgrounds and aim: one of the most important aspects of every marital system is the satisfaction experienced by both sides. With respect to the importance of applying integrative approaches in such an issue, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of mental-educational method of interactive-cognitive analysis on marital satisfaction.Methods: The present interventional study was conducted based on the method of in access sampling with random replacement (2007-2008) with ten couples in experimental group and 10 couples in control group. Examinees were randomly picked out of couples referred to consulting centers of Yazd Wellbeing Organization. Experimental group underwent education based on the integration of Transactional-cognitive analysis, while control group did not receive any treatment. Marital satisfaction was evaluated by means of Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, before and after intervention.Results: Mental-educational method of interactive-cognitive analysis, significantly (P<0.05) increased marital satisfaction in terms of sub-scales of personal traits, leisure activities, and roles related to man-woman equality.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Transactional-cognitive analysis with an education on relation setting, as well as verifying malfunctioning cognitions resulted from or escalated due to destructive marital relations, leads to an increase in marital satisfaction, with altering inter and intra-personal factors.