Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:26 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:18

Background & Objectives Cancer treatment is still one of the main challenges in the field of basic science and clinical science in medicine. Surgery is often the first option in the treatment of cancer, providing the tumor in a way that can be removed. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both can be used to reduce the tumor in the pre-or post-surgical stage. Hormone therapy, stem cell and bone marrow cell transplantation, and immunotherapy are among other therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy or the use of the immune system for treatment, after chemotherapy and radiation therapy is one of the most important complementary and effective methods for treating cancer. Immunotherapy such as chemotherapy is systematically done and used to prevent the spread of malignancies, but unlike that only attacks malignant cells and does not effect on normal cells. Cancer, immune therapy with the direct use of immune system components and makes an active immune response such as stimulating the patient's immune system cells and reintroducing these cells to the individual. Indirect stimulation and the use of immune products such as anti-cancer monoclonal antibody to remove tumor antigens is called passive immune therapy. Results The results from clinical trials confirm the design of combined therapies for cancer treatment, which include a combination of various immune therapies along with chemotherapy or the combination of several therapeutic immunotherapy approaches. Conclusion The goal of this review article is to concisely review some of the most important recent developments in cancer immunology and immunotherapy, and explain new insights into the mechanisms that underlie cancer immune evasion by which might lead to pathways for identifying novel treatments.

Background Universities and higher education institutions, as knowledge-based institutions, play a key role in the development of countries and their performance in different fields. Ranking is one of the tools to evaluate the performance, competitiveness and success of universities. Therefore, a desirable ranking is based on the Prophecy, mission and duties of the higher education system. As with running it, we can see the change in the behavior of enterprises on the way to macro goals. The purpose of this study is to identify the ranking indices of medical universities. Materials & Methods The scientific paradigm of this study was based on a mixed method and based on qualitative interviews with faculty members and experts in northeastern universities of medical sciences (Mashhad, Bojnourd, Birjand). A sample of 22 individuals was selected based on the purposeful sampling method. Using content analysis technique, ranking indices of medical universities was identified. 126 indicators of 27 categories were identified and identified in 9 dimensions. In order to generalize the results of the research to other medical universities of the country, a quantitative part was obtained through cluster sampling of the identified indicators in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire, which was subject to the judgment of the faculty members of medical sciences universities (Sanandaj, Kerman, Hormozgan and Mashhad). Results The results show that the existing rating systems are not comprehensive and mainly consider the dimensions of education and research of universities. Therefore, in view of the Prophecy and mission of medical universities that have duties and responsibilities in the field of health care, the need for a ranking system for these universities is felt. The final results of the research show that the most influential dimensions and indicators are respectively: education, resources human, public health, health budget, research, academic funding, and environmental improvement.

Background & Objectives Soil pollution with heavy metals can decrease Fe availability in human food chain in industrial regions. This research was done to investigation the quality of tomato grown in a soil treated with iron slag and its effect on human health. Materials & Methods This research was done in 2016 in a greenhouse experiment in Arak province with 72 pots including: applying 0, 15 and 30 t ha-1 cow manure enriched with 0 and 10% (W/W) iron sludge in a Pb polluted soil (0, 600, 800 and 1000 mg Pb kg-1 soil). At the end of experiment, fruit Fe concentration was measured and Fe daily intake for 4 to 50 years group was calculated. Results Consumption of 80 g tomato which cultivated in soil treated with 30 t ha-1 enriched cow manure with iron slag can supply 18. 4% Fe daily requirement for the children in the range 4 to 8 years. With increasing the Pb soil pollution up to 1000 mg/kg soil, only 12. 1% Fe requirement was supplied in this age group. Conclusion The results of this experiment showed that applying enriched cow manure with iron slag has affect on increasing Fe requirement from tomato consumption. However, tomato cultivation in Pb polluted soil can decrease fruit Fe concentration and thereby, decrease the human Fe intake.

Background The curing of patients with a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is not a realistic goal. Maximizing patients’ function and well-being should be a primary objective of care. However, quality of life in COPD patients is lower than normal. Hence, well examined the effect of educational film on quality of life on patients with COPD was the aim of this research. Materials & Methods The present research is a semi-experimental study that conducted on 40 individuals in inner ward Qaen Shohada Hospital in 1395-1396 academic year. Sampling was done in frequent references to inner ward of the hospital. Life quality questionnaires (Sf-36) and demographic features before and one month after the discharge were completed. Finally, the data obtained from questionnaire was analyzed by means of spss software version 20 at a significant level of 0. 05 based on Wilcoxone, pair T-test. Results 21 (52. 5%) female and 19 (47. 5%) men with an average age of 62. 6 were the sample of this research. The mean score of total quality of life, physical and mental dimensions, and all eight dimensions of quality of life, before and after intervention, were significantly different. (p<0. 001). Conclusion By considering the results, it is found that education improves the daily activities of COPD patients, so it poses the necessity to make plans for all health dimensions (physically, mentally, socially, etc. )

Background & Objectives Memory and learning are one of the most complex brain functions and a mechanism for encoding, storing and recalling learned information. Due to the prevalence of learning disabilities, especially in older adults, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile on avoidance memory levels in rats. Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 48 adult male rats were divided into six groups: control, control 1 (treatment with normal saline) and control 2 (Shuttle Box) and three experimental groups receiving 200, 100, and 400 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile by intraperitoneal injections. All of them were prescribed for 15 days. In this study, the Shuttle Box was used to measure memory and learning. The latency of entering and the time of remaining in a dark chamber of the Shuttle Box were recorded. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests using the SPSS-22 software. The significance level of data was considered as p≤ 0. 05. Results The results showed that doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg chamomile extract significantly increased the latency of entering the dark chamber and also doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg chamomile extract significantly reduced the time of remaining in the dark chamber of the Shuttle Box in the remembering phase at the level of p≤ 0. 001 compared to the control group Conclusion The results of this study showed that chamomile extract strengthens avoidance memory in rats. This effect is probably due to flavonoids, antioxidants and phytoestrogens.

Background &Objectives The purpose of present study was investigated of association between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and physical activity at work, leisure time and during exercise among over 30 years old male students in Sabzevar. Materials & Methods 200 male students over 30 years old of University of Applied Sciences in Sabzevar city randomly were selected. Components associated with the metabolic syndrome were measured. The physical activity levels of the participants in the three domains measured by "the Baecke Physical Activity questionnaire". The mean of each component of the metabolic syndrome in three BMI groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with physical activity levels. Results Weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, lowdensity lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride, prevalence of metabolic syndrome significantly were high in overweight and obese subjects than normal weight people, but total physical activity and domains significantly were low (p˂ 0. 05). The risk of increased abdominal obesity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in active and relative active people than inactive people (p˂ 0. 05). The chance of having a metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in inactive people during exercise than active peoples (p˂ 0. 05). Conclusion it seems that in obese and overweight Sabzevar male students was the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components more than normal weight males. Also, inactive people are more likely to be exposed to metabolic syndrome and some of its components than active people.

Background & Objectives One of the most important environmental pollutants that there is in sewage of different industrials is cyanide to cause pollution of water sources that are dangerous to humans and the environment. Cyanide can be removed in different ways from the aqueous media, but most of these methods are costly. Therefore, the aim of this study is the removal cyanide using iron nanoparticles. Materials & Methods Removal of cyanide from aqueous media using iron nanoparticles in various conditions including the effect of the adsorbent, initial cyanide concentration, contact time and pH were studied in discontinuous phase. In this study, adsorption equilibrium and also the kinetics of the reaction examined. Results In the process of sharing discontinuous, the balance was achieved after 120 minutes of contact time and maximum amount of removal cyanide in the pH =11 for cyanide concentration of 1 mg/L over 97% obtained. Also the results showed that the adsorption process fitted with Langmuir isotherm and chemical kinetic fitted with of secondary grade. Conclusion According to the findings, iron nanoparticles can be used as a suitable option for removal cyanide from aqueous solution in hazardous waste.

Background & Objectives Sexual satisfaction is a key factor in the quality of life of individuals. Better physical state, mental health and general welfare are related on the sexual satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the sexual satisfaction in women referring to comprehensive health centers in Mashhad in 2017. Materials & Methods This study was a descriptive-analytic study. The research population consisted of 300 women who referred to comprehensive health centers of Mashhad in 1396 who were selected by available sampling method. Data gathering tool was a standard Golombbog-rightist sexual satisfaction questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed in previous studies. Data analysis using SPSS 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with a significant level of 0. 05 and a 95% confidence interval. Results According to the results of the study, there was a significant relationship between sexual satisfaction with income variables, type of home and living with whom (p <0. 05). The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and the number of children. By determining the post hoc test, the number of 3 children and above shows a meaningful relationship. (p <0. 05). Also, the results showed that there was no significant relationship between age and marriage duration with sexual satisfaction. (p > 0. 05). Conclusion By studying the components of sexual satisfaction and identifying effective variables on women's sexual satisfaction, community health careers can be effective in educating women in promoting and improving female sexual satisfaction and preventing other marital problems.

Background & Objectives Radiopharmaceuticals have several applications in medicine such as diagnostic and therapeutic. Radiopharmaceuticals with gamma emitter radionuclides are used more in diagnostics. It is due to the low absorption of gamma in the tissue relative to the particles of beta and alpha. The aim of this research is calculation of effective dose distribution in human body due to injection of 99mTc-Octrotide (Somatostatine analogue) in mice body. Materials & Methods Effective dose in human body is estimated using MIRD phantom and MCNPX for different organs. Energy of source and tally are considered 140keV and F6, respectively. Fubdubgs Effective dose after injection of 99mTc-Octreotide is estimated by MCNPX simulation code. The adrenals and pancreas received the most effective dose relative to the other organs 6mSv/185MBq, 1. 5 mSv/185MBq, respectively. Discussion & Conclusion The results showed that the adrenal and pancreas are the organs of at risk in 99mTc-Octreotide radiopharmaceutical imaging.

Background & Objectives The aim of present study was to investigate effects of endurance training on surfactant protein-D in streptozotocin– nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Materials & Methods In this experimental study، 36 adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 200± 48 gr, randomly assigned in to four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic endurance training and healthy endurance training. For induction of diabetes, intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide solution (120 mg/kg) and STZ solution (65 mg/kg) was used. The endurance training protocol was performed for 8-week and 24 hours. After the last training session blood serum samples were examined for evaluating reproductive hormones. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey’ s Post Hoc test at 0. 05%. Results Endurance training caused a significant decrease in blood glucose in the endurance diabetic training group compared to the diabetic control group (p=0. 000). Serum Protein-D Surfactant (SPD) serum levels in the diabetic control group significantly decreased (p=0. 001) and the insulin resistance index (p=0. 000) was significantly lower than healthy controls. Eight weeks of endurance training significantly increased in SPD (p=0. 041) in endurance diabetic training group compared to diabetic control group. Also, exercise significantly decreased insulin resistance index (p=0. 000) and insulin (p=0. 029) in endurance diabetic training group compared to diabetic control group. Conclusion It seems that endurance training by increasing the levels of serum SPD improve insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic mice.

Background & Objectives Reactive oxygen specie (ROS) results in serious damage oxidation of proteins, lipids and genomic structures. Studies have shown that production of ROS increases during intensive exercise training. Materials & Methods The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of two types sprint and endurance exercise trainings on 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the brain and liver of Wistar rats. 24 adult Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into sedentary control, sprint, and endurance exercise training groups. Rats in sprint and endurance exercise training groups ran on treadmill for six weeks, six days per week, at 80% to 100% of maximal oxygen consumption. OGG1 and 8-OHdG levels were measured using sandwich ELISA assay. Data analyzed using one way ANOVA at p≤ 0. 05 level. Results Results showed that both of sprint and endurance exercise trainings result in significant increase in OGG1 levels in brain and liver. Sprint exercise training resulted in greater increase in brain OGG1 than endurance exercise training. However, sprint and endurance exercise trainings had no significant effect on 8-OHdG levels in brain and liver tissues. Conclusion OGG1 content correlated negatively with 8-OHdG levels. Collectively, sprint and endurance exercise trainings prevent from genomic structure through an increase in OGG1 contents.

Background & Objectives Anoxic-oxic (A/O) is a new method of wastewater treatment and is being used in Mahdishahr wastewater plant. Considering the lack of studies in this area, it seemed necessary to study the performance of A/O system in wastewater treatment. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of Mahdishahr wastewater Treatment Plant. Materials & Methods The present cross sectional study was conducted in 2014 during eight months. Sampling was performed two times per week from the incoming wastewater, aeration pond and effluent. Overall, 200 samples were collected. The efficiency of Treatment Plant was measured by TSS, BOD5, COD, MLSS, MLVSS, and SVI indices in aeration ponds based on standard method. Then the data were analyzed by statistical analysis. Results The mean concentrations of BOD5, TSS and COD in influent were 221. 6 mg/ l, 203. 8 mg/l and 321 mg/l, respectively. The mean concentrations of BOD5, TSS and COD in effluent were 23. 65 mg/l, 16. 79 mg/l and 34. 9 mg/l, respectively. According to the results, the average removal efficiency of BOD5, TSS and COD were about 87. 25%, 91. 77% and 87. 29%, respectively. These results are in accordance with standards of Iranian Department of Environment to be used for agricultural purposes. During the study, the monthly mean for SVI was 67. 3 ml/g and the mean for MLSS and MLVSS was 1880 and 1182 mg/l, respectively. Conclusion In present study, the efficiency of A/O process in COD removals is approximately 89%, representing high degradability of wastewater in A/O reactor. In addition, according to the results this method was efficient and the effluent complied with Iranian standards in terms of COD, TSS and BOD5, thus the flow is suitable for reuse or discharge to water courses.

Background & Objectives The new methods of the evaluation teaching skills educate is necessary for finding correctly heart auscultation. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effectiveness of the surface anatomy education heart auscultation. Materials & Methods A descriptive analytical study was conducted on 34 of the medical students in the Sabzevar University of medical science: 10 males and 24 females. They were divided in two groups according to sex then separately instructed to the small groups 17 (n=2) of teaching kills in the surface heart auscultation. Before and after education of surface anatomy in heart auscultation, they exactly found proper exact location for heart. The data were analyzed by software spss by using pair and independent t-tests. Results The mean ± SD time of auscultation mitral sound was found before and after teaching of surface anatomy, respected 45. 70± 29. 01, 16. 32± 11. 26. The mean time of auscultation aorta sound was found before and after teaching surface anatomy, respected 46. 14± 20. 39, 18. 82± 14. 22. These differences were significant (p < 0. 001). Results showed heart auscultation for pulmonary after teaching of surface anatomy was significantly improved better compared before of education heart auscultation. Conclusion The results showed that teaching of the surface anatomy heart auscultation for medical students was recommended because exactly finding of heart auscultation in clinical is importance.

Background & Objective Despite progress in health, human lice are still considered as a health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of Pediculosis in the cities covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Materials & Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study. Information from 7453 pediculosis patients was extracted from the Sina Electronic Health Record (SinaEHR® ) in a 4-month period (November 2016 to March 2017). We used Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, in order to evaluate the spatial distribution of the disease. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software and Graph pad software was used to plot the graphs. Results The study showed that 91. 2% of the total population was women and 64. 1% were adolescents aged between 7 and 18 years old. The highest infestation rates were in elementary students and children under the 6 years old were 42. 6% and 31. 8%, respectively. 64. 6% of pediculosis transmission were in schools and in 46. 3% of cases the method of transmission was direct. The Spatial Distribution of Pediculosis in Mashhad University of medical sciences indicates that highest prevalence was in Khalilabad county and lowest prevalence county was in Kalat. Conclusion The results illustrate that elementary girls are more likely to expose lice infestation. Schools were the most probable places of infestation, and direct contact were the most common way of infestation. People with higher levels of education were less likely to be infected.

Background & Objectives The period of pregnancy and childbirth influences the quality of psychological life and marital satisfaction in addition to physiological changes. According to the importance of effective variables on marital satisfaction, the present study was aimed to investigate the moderating role of psychological well-being in relation between adaptability and family correlation with marital satisfaction among women with first parturition. Materials & Methods This research is an exploratory research of correlation plans. The population of the present research included all women (402 people) with first parturition in June and August of 2017 in Mobini Shahidan hospital of Sabzevar. 198 women were selected as voluntary and voluntary as a research sample. To collect the data, Reif's psychological well-being questionnaire (1989), adaptability and family correlation (Olson, 1999) and Inrich's marital satisfaction (1989) were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and moderated multivariate regression analyses by means of SPSS-22 software (p<0. 05). Results Findings of the present research showed that there are significant relationship between family correlation and marital satisfaction (p<0. 05). Also, research showed that there are not significant relationship between adaptability with marital satisfaction. Pychological well-being has moderating effect on family correlation and marital satisfaction among women with first parturition but is has no moderating effect on family adaptability and marital satisfaction. Conclusion According to the findings of the research, the relation between family correlation and marital satisfaction is not considered as a simple linear relationship and it can be moderated by psychological well-being.

Background & Objectives In the last few decades, researches hane been focused on the use of natural products for cancer therapy, such as crude plant extracts or some of different plant secondary metabolits. The objective of this study was to examine the invitro cytotoxic activities of crude ethanolic extract of leaf and flower buds of Crataegus melanocarpa, on human MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines, with different concentrations, by Dye exclusion and Micro culture tetrazolium test (MTT) assay. Materials & Methods The optical density (OD) colored solution was quantified at 570 nm wavelengths by an ELISA Reader, after 24, 48 and 72 h incubation. The results showed that ethanolic extracts. Results After 48h incubation, at in 5 and 10 mg/ml suppressed the proliferation of cancerous MCF-7 cells by significant difference with control group (p<0. 05). Also, after 72h incubation, concentrations of 0. 156 mg/ml and upper doses had significant different with control group; and maximum inhibitory effects were showed at 10 mg/ml (86. 14%). Results showed that the C. melanocarpa extracts suppressed dose dependently the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Also, results showed that cytotoxic effects of C. melanocarpa extracts on Hela cell line is very low, and in 10 mg/ml concentrating, after 72h incubation, suppressed the proliferation of cancerous MCF-7 cells by significant diffrence with control group (p<0. 05). Maximum inhibitory effects were found at 10 mg/ml (23. 14%). Conclusion Finally, this study emphasizes C. melanocarpa to be employed in new cancer therapeutic drugs and provide the basis for future research on the various species of this genus.

Background & Objectives Pistachio hull, a by-product of pistachio processing, is a source of environmental pollution and can cause the health problems. Therefore, it must be treated by proper, sanitary and economical manners. One of the basic parameters for compost valuation is determine the amount of heavy metals. The objective of the present study was to determiner the concentration of heavy metals (pb, Cd, cr, Zn, Ni, Cu ) in the compost produced from mixed pistachio hull and livestock and compare levels of heavy metals with the limits of international and internal standards. Materials & Methods This study is a descriptive cross-sectional that in sampling was two-stage in September 2014 and October 2015. Among total from 2 composting pile, compound sampling based, 26 sample were selected. After digestion of the samples, the concentrations of metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni) by means of atomic absorption analysis and the concentration of a component in the sample based on mg/kg dw were reported. The results were analyzed by using Excel and SPSS software. Results The heavy metals examined in the composted pistachio hull mixed with livestock waste were as follows: pb as 67. 09, Cr as 49. 58 Cd as 2. 84, Cu as 107. 95, Zn as 188. 24, Ni as 79. 75 (mg/kg dw), respectively. Compare the average concentration of heavy metals in samples with Iran and EPA Astandrads showing concentrations of heavy metals in all samples (except metal cu) are less than the standard limit. Conclusion Based on the results, compost produced from pistachio skin and livestock waste the of heavy metals hygienic standards adhered to and usability of its environmental objectives.