ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE
Year:2017 | Volume:19 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:10

Introduction: In this paper, a computationally improved model of brain activity is developed in visual attention state.Method: This model, based on Hodgkin- Huxley neurons, is a two- layer architecture of excitatory and inhibitory connections in a network of spiking neurons, with star- like connections between the central units and peripheral neurons. This model is composed of three modules and the focused attention is represented by those peripheral neurons that generate spikes synchronously with the central neuron while the activities of other peripheral neurons are suppressed. We propose rising and falling dynamic connections based on a Hebbian- rule of the spiking neurons, while also considering noise and random effects.Results: To validate the model, we consider five types of dynamics by setting different parameters: asynchronous state, global synchronization, partial synchronization, transitional state, and quiescence state. Simulation results show that the improved model can sequentially select objects with different frequencies and has a reliable shift of attention from one object to another.Conclusion: Results are consistent with the previous experimental works while exhibiting higher robustness.

Introduction: Critical thinking can be attributed to high levels of Bloom’s cognitive (analysis and evaluation) and due to the rapid changes taking place in communities, our students need to competencies that they can move beyond the content of books and evaluate and analyze information available. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effect of computer games on improving Critical Thinking of high school students. In this research, the sample group was available.Method: This was done as a quasi- experimental method with pre- test- post- test design and control group. In this study, students were divided into control and experimental group (15 persons in two groups). They played "Civilization 5" game, for 12 weeks (2 sessions per week for an hour). Data were analyzed using ANCOVA test, and Charts.Results: The result showed that the improvement critical thinking of the students in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the students in the control group.Conclusion: computer games can improve critical thinking in experimental group.

Introduction: adaptation is an important component in the current individual, familial, and social life. If this factor don’t be normal, it makes many disorders, deviances, and individual and social abnormalities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching emotion regulating based on Gross model on the amount of social and emotional adaptation.Method: this study done with post- past design with control group.30 young men that lived in Tehran and had an entrance criteria in this study, were selected by cluster sampling and assigned in control and experimental groups accidently.15 people in each group. Emotion regulation instruction done on experimental group for 8 session that were about 75minutes. But control group didn’t receive any program. Both of groups answered to BELL questionnaire (emotional and social subscales) before and after and 3 months later of intervention. for data analyzing, we used of mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance with repeated measurement and 21 version of SPSS software.Results: experimental group after training in contrast with control group, had a significant change in BELL emotional adaptation scores (p<0.001, F=75.62) and social (p<0.001, F=50.68). The findings showed that the effect of intervention on variables in follow up were stable.Conclusion: emotions have an important role in creating person’s adaptation in different fields include individual, familial and social. A program that modify emotions and regulation and strategies, and reinforce conformity strategies, can improve person’s adaptation in different fields.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine the memory types’ disorders in multiple sclerosis.Method: The research design is causal- comparative method in which two groups (females with multiple sclerosis and healthy females) are compared. For this purpose, 25 MS patients from MS Society of Tabriz and Tehran were selected by convenient sampling in autumn and winter 2014 as the case group, and 25 females with no history of chronic mental and neurological, psychiatric or psychological diseases or disorders, by matching with the case group, among the general population, and they completed the prospective/ retrospective memory questionnaire (PRMQ). Collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results: The results indicated that reported memory errors in MS patients were more in comparing with healthy subjects.Conclusion: The findings have many practical implications for MS patients, their families, and especially the therapists of the patients.

Introduction: The aim of this study is investigation of the neuropsychological index associated with executive function in people with antisocial and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in comparison of normal pepole.Method: This is a causal- comparative study. By accessible sampling method, 30 prisoners with ASPD, 30 patients with OCPD, and 30 normal people from Semnan city were selected by MCMI and Matchg test. The Stroop, Tower of London and TMT tests were used for collection of data. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (MANOVA) and Univariate Analysis of Variance Test (ANOVA) was used.Results: Results indicated that people with antisocial and obsessive- compulsive personality disorder have lower performance in the most of executive functions parameters than normal people. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in the Stroop effect and number of errors between groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: According to the findings, people with antisocial and obsessive- compulsive personality disorder have lower performance in executive function than normal indivithose people.

Introduction: The run away from home in girls has a various causes. The purpose of this study is comparison brain-behavioral systems, resiliency and problem solving in run away and normal girls. Method: The method of study was causal- comparison. The population was all run away’s girls who were kept in Gilan Welfare Centers. From among these girls, 40 were selected by accessible sampling.40 normal subjects were among girls in public high schools city Talesh was randomly selected. Both groups completed the Inventory of Carver- White brain-behavioral systems, Connor- Davidson, Resiliency scale and Social Problem-Solving Inventory- Revised. Data analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results: The results showed, behavioral activation system in run away girls more active than normal girls and behavioral inhibition system in run away girls are weaker than run away girls. The run away compared to normal girls use most of the style of negative problem orientation impulsivity carelessness and avoidance and, positive problem orientation style and rational problem solving style less benefit. Also run away girls compared to normal girls have lower scores in resiliency.Conclusion: identification the effective factors in run away in girls could identify girls at risk for running away and individual and family- level training offered to them thereby prevent personal and social consequences of run away.

Introduction: One of the most important components of social interaction and interpersonal relationship is multifaceted construct of empathy which makes people able to understand others feeling, predict their behavior and respond emotionally in a proper way.Method: As empathy is cultural- related construct, structural equation of empathy among normal Iranian adults, was one of the purposes of this study. Empathy quotation (EQ), Reading mind in eyes (RMET) and Face emotion recognition (TFR) were instruments of study that 304 participates had answered them.Results: Results showed that 4-factor model of empathy have best fitness contained cognitive empathy, affective empathy, social skills and based-performance test (CFI=.91, TLI=.90). Additionally, women reported higher score in affective empathy (t=2.67) and emotion recognition (t=2.95). Also, Explored finding showed age had negative relation with mindreading (p<.01).Conclusion: To conclude, this study confirms 4-factor empathy model among Iranian population and shows that performance-based task is independent factor related with cognitive empathy.

Introduction: This study intended to improve students’ academic delay of gratification, with an emphasis on the role of self-regulation learning strategies.Method: This experimental study consisted of 60 female high school freshmen in Yazd city, who were randomly selected and then divided into two groups of experimental and control. First, both the groups responded to an delay of gratification questionnaire and then, the experimental group were trained the self-regulated learning strategies within 12 sessions. At last, the questionnaire was once more completed by both the groups.Results: Data analysis was carried out by analysis of covariance, which revealed that training self- regulatory learning strategies can lead to promote academic delay of gratification.Conclusion: The results of this study could provide the ground for a dynamic teaching and learning process as well as for improvement of academic delay of gratification.