JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2005 | Volume:13 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Nutritionists consider various factors such as poverty, inadeuate nutritional resources, lack of knowledge and wrong dietary babits major causes of malnutrition as a multi- faced global problem. Therefore, training the health staff with better communicative skills can improve the mother's role in fight against their children's loss of weight.Material & Methods: In this semi- experimental study, the samples included the staff of Gachsaran's family health centers, Boyer Ahmad's, and mothers of 4-12 months – old children affected with weight - loss. The needed data were collected using questionnaires investigating the staff's attitude and knowledge on inter - individual communicative skills, observing check - lists of the mother's behaviours as well as check - lists of the staffs procedures in weighing the children. Conclusion: As a significant relation was obtained between the studied factors before and after the search, it can be conluded that holding appropriate workshops of communicative skills for the health practitioners can improve the social health a great deal.  

Introduction: Aproximately 90% of hospitalized clients receive some types of infusion therapy. Health care providers prescribe infusion therapy for their clients for various reasons .Nowadays, infusion therapy plays a significant role in treatment processes. It is a usual procedure of curing patients, but in spite of its benefits like other procedures, it may cause some complications of which phlebitis and local infection are the most common and dangerous ones respectively.Materials & Methods: This is a clinical trial study to investigate the effects of Betadine and Alcohol on complications of intravenous catheters among the hospitalized patients. In this research,the samples consisted of 110 patients whom were prescribed I V catheter and divided into two equal groups: Betadine (55patients) & Alcohol (55patients). After scrubbing the infusion site with Betadine or Alcohol, every 12 hours the site would be examined for any signs of ph lebitis. If phlebitis was present, the tip of catheter would be cut and sent to the lab for diagnosis of microorganisms. The collected data was analyzed by T-test and chi-square.Finds: The finds showed that the incidence of phlebitis among Betadine - takers was lower than that of Alcohol - takers, but this difference did not prove significant statistically (p>0.05 ).Discussion: According to the finds, it can be recommend to apply Betadine instead of Alcohol as to sterilize the infusion site for the patients receiving intravenous catheters.

Introduction: Cesarean section is considered a surgical procedure in medical science. It sometimes saves both the infant and the mother's life. Recently, an increase in elective cesarean rate has been reported. So, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of training such mothers on their attitudes and knowledge about elective cesareans.Materials & Methods: This study was a quasi_experimental research. Subjects consisted of 54first -pregnant women of 28-32 weeks. They were categorized into two groups, 27 women for the control group and 27 women in the case group. The case group were educated about cesarean section and vaginal delivery with focus group discussion. The data was collected by questionnaire before and after the intervention. Finds: The finds showed that the majority of pregnancies (77/8%)were wanted. Most the women (67%) preferred cesarean section. The knowledge and attitude about cesarean section and vaginal delivery before training T- test in two groups did not show any significant difference. But after the training, the T-test knowledge and attitude showed a significant difference in the case group. Elective cesarean section in case group was lower than that of the control group.Conclusion: According to the finding of the study; education about cesarean section and vaginal delivery with focus group discussion can promote level of knowledge among the pregnant women and improve their attitudes towards cesarean section and vaginal delivery. The trained and educated women accept the cesarean section only as a medical emergency.  

Introduction: The adrenal glands have an important role in the mamal's embryo. The hormonal secretion of the cortical embryonic adrenal glands affects the developmental induction of lungs and digestive system in embryo. The aim of this project was to achieve an easy access to mouse embryo's adrenal glands for medical and biological studies. Materials & Methods: In this study, 2 male and 6female mice of the strain of Balb/c were mated. 35 normal embryos 12-16 of days were obtained. Then, bilateral kidneys and suprarenal glands were dissected and fixed in %10 formalin, after which processed with alcohol and xylene solutions. After that, for microscopic study, they were embedded in paraffin. 5 micrometer paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining method.Finds: The adrenal glands were found at the top of kidneys from 13th embryonic day. Then, their cortical and medullary regions were studied up to 16th embryonic day. In relation to human adrenal glands, there was a fibrous tissue among the adrenal gland and renal parenchymal cells.Conclusion: As the mouse adrenal glands are so small, they are not detected in the serial sections method easily. Indeed, they are lost in the sections. Regarding our procedure, all the micronic sections will be visible. That procedure is suggested in medical and biological studies.  

Introduction: The aged population is growing in Iran where inadequate health conditions can result in heavy costs. Therefore, factors affecting anthropometric variables, which play a significant role in the elderly's nutrition as an important factor of their health, have been investigated in this research.Materials & Methods: The case population covered all the over 65- year- old residents of Esfahan in 2004. Using a clustral sampling, 1705 people were investigated for samples. An analytic descriptive cross- sectional method was applied in this study. The Varience Analysis and Hoc- Post methods were used to test any possible relations between anthropometric variables and those of occupation, marriage, aerobics, having breakfast or out-door meals.Finds: A significant relation was obtained between the following factors: -body weight and occupation, breakfast, aerobics, and marriage-BMI and occupation, and breakfast.- WHR and occupation- the knee height and occupation, breakfast, aerobics, and marriage-round the waist and breakfast-round the arm and occupation, breakfast, aerobics, and marriage-rond the hip and occupation-WHTR and occupation, breakfast, aerobics and marriageConclusion: The finds prove that variables of occupation, breakfast marriage, aerobics ,and using out-door meals are of the most to the least significant relations with variables of anthropometry respectively.

Introduction: Today fertility plays a major role in population growth. As fertility is a part of social, economic, and cultural elements, we will be able to manage and control these elements if only we would find a significant relation between if and the elements, directly or indirectly.Materials & Methods: The needed data were collected in Mazandaran province in 2000 by a questionaires of three parts; demographic information generation information, and family planning. The research is a descriptive_analytic one in which sampling was performed by random two-stage method. A sample of 1343families were investigated to 95 percent reliance. However, 1137 women were studied. Among effective elements on fertility, the mother's age, and educatedness, the length of marriage, the age of marriage the age of the first fertility, gender preference, number of favorite children and using preventive methods were evaluated and different effects were calculated using path analysis.Finds: The finds showed that the length of marriage (0.428) and mother's age (0.198) had the most positive direct effect on fertility. Number of favorite children had the least passive direct effect on fertility (0.076). Mother's knowledge had the most negative direct effect (-0.178). Mother's age had also the most positive indirect effect (0.393) and her education had the most negative in direct effect (-0.264).The age of marriage had the greatest unknown effect out of model (0.99) and the least was the length of marriage (0.293). All the calculated effects illustrated considerable difference with zero (P-value<0.001).Conclusion: Since fertility can be managed by the mentioned elements, as it is not possible to control all the elements, it would be recommended to concentrate on the length of marriage and the mothers' education. That is because these two factors have the most role in controlling fertility.

Introduction: Patients to undergo surgeries should follow a fasting period to avoid any probabilities of aspirations during surgical operations. This period lasts at least 2-3 hours after refined liquids, 4 hours after breast- milk, 6 hours after powdered milk or light breakfasts and 8 hours after ordinary meals. This study investigates the related staff's knowledge on the procedure.Materials & Methods: In this cross- sectional descriptive study, 107 of the morning, evening, and night people on shift at Kermanshah Educational & Medical Centers were investigated. The data were collected using questioners of individual specifications, knowledge, attitude and check-lists for supervisors based on the research secondary goals. The finds were eventually analysed using descriptive statistics and uni & bi-dimentional tables.Finds: Most the samples were females holding BSc in nursing. The staff's knowledge proved satisfactory for all but for the fast- period after light breakfast, 51%of the studied showed a better attitude on fast- period after ordinary meals. Conclusion: It is concluded that the staff of Kermanshah educational & medical centers have a poor knowledge and record on fasting -period before surgical operations. They proved to be in need of update training courses. It is recommended to practice more similar investigations among physicians and nurses to come to a more appropriate decision in this field.

Introduction: Nosocomial pneumonia increases patients' morbidity, mortality, length of hospitalization and treatment, and remedial costs, paticularly for ICU patients. Therefore, knowledge about the frequency and distribution of nosocomial pneumonia is important to improve infection control measures. This study aims at investigating such status in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad. Materials & Methods: The data were collected during a twelve months period in 2004 and 2005 from ICUs of Ghaem Hospital using the standard surveillance protocols and nosocomial pneumonia definitions. Statistical analysis was performed using x2 test.Finds: Among 259 admitted patients, 33 cases of nosocomial pneumonia were discovered. Lower respiratory infections were almost always associated with use of an invasive device. Klebsiella pneumonia (57.5%) was the most common species reported from all nosocomial pneumonias. Other isolated bacteria were Acinetobacter spp. Pseudomonas aeroginosa and other species of Enterobacteriacae.Conclusion: These findings prove the ICUs to be an area of great concern in terms of nosocomial infection control, Therfore, preventive measures to nosocomial pneumonia should be reviewed and intensified at the ICU of Ghaem Hospital, particularly as related to mechanical ventilation.