JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2017 | Volume:16 | Issue:61 |Papers Count:10

In recent decades the impact of personality traits on marital relationships has attracted a lot of attention because the character is the most important and the most fundamental issue in marital dissatisfaction. Given the importance of the character, present research studies the mediating role of defense styles in the relationship between marital satisfaction and level of ego developments. Research has shown that correlation can be predicted. For this purpose 200 people were selected by available sampling of Ss, from teachers of Savogbolag township. Data from the defense styles (DSQ), sentence completion test (SCT) and marital satisfaction (ENRICH) questionnaires were collected and the hypothesized model using path analysis methods were used. Results obtained from the correlation and regression analysis showed that ego development indirectly with the mediatory style defense(impact factor: 0/21) had significant impact on marital satisfaction. we can Therefore prove that the role of the personality and its components, in defense style and ego development can determine level of marital satisfaction and key factors in developing a prevention program are education and health with emphasis on personality.

Attachment is a behavioral system formed to regulate proximity of the child to the parent or the primary care-giver when danger or anxiety to increase his/her chance of survival. It is supposed that different attachment styles are related to marital conflicts in different ways, and there are many factors that can influence the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflicts. The present study aims to examine the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation on the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflicts. A total of 270 married adults (145 men, 125 women) participated in the present study. Participants were asked to complete Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State Questionnaire (GRIMS), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Method of the present descriptive study was correlational. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, correlation, and path analysis. The results reveal that avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles and difficulty in emotion regulation had significant positive association with marital conflicts (p< 0. 001), but there was no significant association between secure attachment style and marital conflicts. The results of the path analysis demonstrated that difficulty in emotion regulation plays a mediating role on the relation between avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles with marital conflicts (p <0. 001). Based on the findings of the present study it can be concluded that people with insecure attachment styles have problem in establishing interpersonal relationships, especially with their spouse’ s; problems which are partly influenced by difficulty in emotion regulation and management.

Journalism has always been known as a profession associated with a high level of stress. High involvement and preoccupation with work can be a cause of stress that poses negative results for both individuals and organizations. In this regard, LEARN stress management program as a complete intervention can prevent journalists from workaholism. So, the current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of multifaceted stress management training on workaholism in journalists with job stress. Research design was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest design with control group). The sample consisted of 30 volunteer stressful journalists in Fars news agency of Tehran city who randomly were assigned into two groups of experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The sessions were conducted for 18 weekly sessions of 90 minutes and the subjects responded to Work Addiction Risk Test questionnaire (WART). The results showed that Loren's multifaceted stress management training program significantly affects the workaholism (p<0. 01). Also, there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the scores of self-efficacy, compulsive tendencies, weak inhinbition and communication/self-absorption (p<0. 01). Therefore, multifaceted stress management training program increasing assertiveness to reject out-of-power job demand, the correction of false beliefs, cognitions and feedback, more sense of mastery on the environment, and finding social support can improve above characteristics.

The results of the studies indicate that family empowerment is such a way that the role of the family as group can differently change its members in different circumstances to get to a level of satisfaction. Therefore, modeling based on family psychological mechanisms can improve mental health and marital satisfaction through family-oriented psychological interventions. As a result, ignoring such an issue puts a lot of burden on individuals and society. Consequently, investigating the psychological variables can help better understanding the effectiveness of family-oriented psychological interventions and promote mental health of family members and marital satisfaction. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of family-oriented psychological interventions on pregnant mothers’ mental health and marital satisfaction in Tehran city. The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population comprised of all pregnant women who were in their first quarter of gestation and referred to Madaen Hospital for gestation cares. From them, 30 pregnant mothers were chosen by available sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Mothers filled in GHQ-28 and AMSS in pre-and post-test and experimental group received family-oriented psychological interventions for 16 sessions and each session took 2 hours. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA. The findings revealed the effect of using psychological intervention on improving mental health and marital satisfaction of pregnant women in experimental group, compared with control group (P<0. 05). According to the results, it could be concluded that psychological interventions for pregnant women can positively improve various indices of fertility and gestation, as well as fetal and infantile health.

Quality of life is a degree of success that is felt by individuals or groups of people. Personality is a fundamental components in predicting quality of life and there is a mutual relationships between quality of life and academic motivation in professional and academic situations. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between core self evaluation and quality of life. Five hundred and twenty students (278 females, 242 males) from Islamic Azad University completed the Core Self Evaluations Scale (CSES; Judge, Erez, Bono & Thresen, 2003), the World Health Organization Quality Of Life-Brief (WHOQOL, 1996), and the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS; Vallerand, Blais, Briere, & Pelletier, 1989). The results indicated core self evaluation had a significant positive correlation with intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and quality of life (P<0. 001), and had a significant negative correlation with amotivation (P<0. 001). Quality of life had also a significant negative correlation with extrinsic motivation and amotivation (P<0. 001). Academic motivation mediated the relationship between core self evaluation and quality of life. The findings suggested that core self evaluation had a determinant role in quality of life and mental health.

In the scope of behavioral research, examining the role of developmental and cognitive factors on bullying behaviors has been emphasized. However, there is no comparative study to investigate self-understanding among adolescent bullies and normal peers. The present study aimed to compare the developmental levels of self-understanding (self-as-subject and self-as-object) in adolescent bullies and normal peers. In a causal-comparative design, 120 adolescents were chosen by multi-stage cluster random sampling and screening method. Olweus Bullying Scale (1996), self-understanding interview and teachers' nominations were used to gather the data. The results of Chi squares test showed that in self-as-object domain, referring to physical and active schemas were more in adolescent bullies (χ 2 = 60. 94, p<0. 01). In self-as-subject domain, developmental levels of continuity (χ 2 = 35. 43, P>0. 01), distinctness (χ 2 = 43. 42, P>0. 01) and volition(χ 2 = 9. 08, P>0. 01) were higher in normal adolescents than bullies. Implications of this study regarding the developmental role of self-understanding in bullying behaviors on one hand and planning intervention programs based on adolescents’ developmental aspects on the other hand are considered.

The results of several studies indicate that children with mental retardation and autism spectrum in facing with different social situations experience severe problems. However, the subtle differences between these children and normal peers in the response to different social conditions have been less studied. So the purpose of the present study was to comparing the problematic social situations in students with autism and mental retardation with normal students. This research is a causal-comparative study. 149 students with autism and mentally retardation were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from Rasht city. Also 100 students with average intelligence were selected as the comparison group. To collect data, the Scale of Taxonomy of Problematic Social Situations for Children (Dodge, 1990) was used. The results of the analysis showed that there are significant difference between the groups of students in problematic social situations (p<0. 001); this means that students with autism and mental retardation have more problems than normal students in components such as peer group entry, response to provocation, response to failure, response to success, social expectations, and teacher expectations. Based on the results of this study, students with autism, mental retardation and normal students, have different responses in different social situations that can be addressed in a comprehensive and regular planning for these children.

Spiritual intelligence represents a set of abilities, capacities and sources of spirituality that their work in the affairs of life such as education can increase the adaptability of individuals and their ability to work in different activities. According to the research, those who have a higher spiritual intelligence in their activities have hard work, diligence, and desire for more progress, so the purpose of this study was to Predicting academic achievement of virtual students by their hardiness, spiritual intelligence and gender. The research method was correlation. The sample was150 students of distance education, which selected randomly. The instruments was Spiritual Intelligence Scale (King 2007), and hardiness assessment questionnaire (besharat 2010). Data in both descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed with SPSS software. The results showed significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and hardiness with a moderate correlation coefficient and a significant level of 97%. )P≤ 0. 03, r = 0. 224( also two components of the hardiness such as, commitment and control with spiritual intelligence with a moderate correlation coefficient and a confidence level of 99 %. (r= 0. 30, P≤ 0. 01(and confronting with problems, moral factors and Self-awareness, was significant with a moderate correlation coefficient and a confidence level of 98%. )r = 0. 251, P≤ 0. 0) The study of gender differences were also showed significant differences between boys and girls and Females to spiritual intelligence and boy to hardiness were higher. The was a significant relationship between gender and hardiness with academic achievement.