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Information Journal Paper

Title

The Effect of Errorless, Errorful and Random Practices on Learning of the Relative Timing of a Selected Motor Task: An Emphasis on Implicit and Explicit Learning Approaches

Pages

  321-342

Abstract

 The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the Errorless, errorful and random practice schedules on the acquisition and learning of relative timing in a motor task. 51 male students (age: 22± 4 years old) were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (control, errorful, Errorless, and random). This study was carried out in five phases: pretest (PRT), acquisition (ACQ), 10-min retention and transfer and 24-hour retention and transfer. In the acquisition phase, a timing task with three different difficulty levels (simple, moderate, and difficult) was practiced in three sessions of 45 trials with feedback by experimental groups. In order to analyze the data, a mixed-design analysis of variance model with repeated measures on each variable was used in the acquisition and retention phases. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in the other phases. The findings of relative timing showed no significant differences among the groups in the pretest (P˃ 0. 05). Additionally, in retention and transfer tests, Errorless group had better performance than errorful, random and control groups (P≤ 0. 05). Errorless group performed better than the random and errorful groups in 24-hour transfer test of the secondary task (P≤ 0. 05). These results showed that practice in Errorless conditions leads to a better learning of the task and its generalization to new conditions that are consistent with the implicit learning and reinvestment theories.

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    APA: Copy

    Nazari Kakavandi, Saeed, SABERI KAKHKI, ALIREZA, Taheri Torbati, Hamidreza, & Rohbanfard, Hassan. (2019). The Effect of Errorless, Errorful and Random Practices on Learning of the Relative Timing of a Selected Motor Task: An Emphasis on Implicit and Explicit Learning Approaches. DEVELOPMENT AND MOTOR LEARNING (HARAKAT), 11(3 ), 321-342. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/159390/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    Nazari Kakavandi Saeed, SABERI KAKHKI ALIREZA, Taheri Torbati Hamidreza, Rohbanfard Hassan. The Effect of Errorless, Errorful and Random Practices on Learning of the Relative Timing of a Selected Motor Task: An Emphasis on Implicit and Explicit Learning Approaches. DEVELOPMENT AND MOTOR LEARNING (HARAKAT)[Internet]. 2019;11(3 ):321-342. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/159390/en

    IEEE: Copy

    Saeed Nazari Kakavandi, ALIREZA SABERI KAKHKI, Hamidreza Taheri Torbati, and Hassan Rohbanfard, “The Effect of Errorless, Errorful and Random Practices on Learning of the Relative Timing of a Selected Motor Task: An Emphasis on Implicit and Explicit Learning Approaches,” DEVELOPMENT AND MOTOR LEARNING (HARAKAT), vol. 11, no. 3 , pp. 321–342, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/159390/en

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