The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Questionnaire of Teacher Interaction (QTI, Lourdusamy & Khine, 2001) among Iranian teachers. In this correlation study, 200 teachers (100 males, 100 female) completed the Questionnaire of Teacher Interaction (QTI). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the QTI's factorial validity and reliability, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis, based AMOS software, indicated that multidimensional structure of the QTI consisted leadership, helpful/friendly behavior, understanding, student responsibility and freedom, uncertain, dissatisfied, admonishing and strict behavior had acceptable fit to data in the Iranian teacher’ s sample. Internal consistencies for the scales of Questionnaire of Teacher Interaction ranged from 0/55 to 0/70. In sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the QTI as an instrument to measure model of interpersonal relation behavior among Iranian teachers.

The purpose of this study was to confirm the confirmatory factor analysis Ambidexterity leadership model of university administrators in higher education. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part consisted of experts in the field of higher education and in the quantitative part consisted of faculty members of public universities in Tehran (N = 4794). In the qualitative part by theoretical sampling method with 11 higher education experts and in the quantitative part 360 people were selected using Morgan sampling method. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview and content analysis method was used to analyze the interviews. / 0-954 / 0). Data were analyzed by Spss and Lisrel software. Using structured equation modeling techniques and confirmatory factor analysis, the designed model was validated and its validity was assessed. The Ambidexterity leadership model was presented in the form of 5 components and 28 measurable variables, which include individual competencies, ethics and service, comprehensive leadership, mass communication leadership, coordination and flexibility, and factors affecting Ambidexterity leadership. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the identified components have a significant factor load and show a good fit.

The study aimed to develop a model for effective school in the junior high school. The research has a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population included faculty members of the Education Department, heads and deputies of education organization, principals and educational assistants of schools, teachers and parents of high school students with a degree in education science in the northwest of Iran, that A sample of 217 people were selected purposefully. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed to collect the data using theoretical foundations and After confirmation of its face and content validity in quantitative, the questionnaire reliability was obtained (α = 0. 970). Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The results showed that the factor analysis model of 16 effective school components based on components and in prioritizing the components based on confirmatory factor analysis, decision making with the estimated standard coefficient of 0. 931 was the most effective and the component of monitoring, evaluation and providing feedback with an estimated standard coefficient of 0. 603 was the least effective. In the second step, the weight of each of the components and Sub-components were calculated by analyzing the hierarchy using Excel, and the incompatibility coefficient was calculated using MATLAB and The linear model of effective schools was obtained based on the impact factor and the significance coefficient. The results showed that the prioritization of components changed by applying their significance and in the final prioritization, the effective teacher (0. 148) had the first rank and the latency (0. 126) the last rank.

Excessive inhibition of emotions is associated with a variety of psychological and health problems. Weinberger developed an inventory to assess socio-emotional adjustment. The present study was carried out in order to validate the Persian version of short form of Weinberger adjustment inventory (WAI) in student population. 230 students of University of Tehran completed Mindful Attention and awareness scale, beliefs about emotions scale, depression and anxiety subscales of DASS-21 and short form of Weinberger adjustment inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient was used for convergent and discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of WAI with distress, Restraint and repressiveness (RMSEA=. 077; CFI=. 85; IFI=. 85). Furthermore, a positive correlation of distress/depression, distress/anxiety, distress/beliefs about emotions, Restraint/mindfulness and Repressiveness/mindfulness and a negative correlation of distress/mindfulness, Repressiveness/depression, Repressiveness/anxiety, Restraint/depression and Restraint/anxiety were found, which indicates a favorable convergent and discriminant validity for this inventory. The results were discussed, based on different nature of WAI subscales and self-deception in repressors.

The efficient management of water resources is one of the serious concerns of today's human societiesis, so climate change has doubled the importance of this issue. Like many specialists in different fields, accountants can also help to achieve this goal. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of accountants in water resources management with an emphasis on its climatic effects using the method of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In terms of the method, this study is descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The population of this study included accountants working in manufacturing companies. Sample size is 225 accountants. The required data was collected through a questionnaire. Research data has been analyzed using structural equation modeling and through SPSS version 26 and Amos version 24 software. According to the research findings accountants can participate in water resources management by providing physical and dollar information in the five areas of water supply, water demand, auditing and monitoring of water resources, water resource accounting and climate change. The findings show that as the accountants' knowledge and experience increases in each of the mentioned areas, it is expected that their participation in water resources management will also increase. In general, accountants can make managers' and policymakers' views more positive towards the water crisis and climate change by relevant, timely and accurate insights, analysis and reporting. Introduction Considering that clean, healthy, high-quality, and sufficient water is vital for protecting the lives of all living things, the role of water in sustainable development is beyond common notions (Momblanch et al., 2018). Today, due to the increasing water consumption, the risk of its shortage is felt more than ever. Therefore, effective and efficient management, providing qualified information, and accountability regarding how it is obtained, to whom it is allocated, and how the allocated water is used is essential (Stefano et al., 2016). Water management is a series of processes that involves effective management of water through policy and management reforms by decision-makers with the support of stakeholders (Pedro-Monzonís et al., 2016).Climate change has emerged as one of the many problems faced by water managers. Therefore, it is necessary to manage water resources in a way that can consider climate change (Pahl-Wostl et al., 2007). In this regard, it can be stated that water resources management aims to utilize water by ensuring there is sufficient water of adequate quality for drinking water and sanitation services, food production, energy generation, inland water transport, and water-based recreation, as well as sustaining healthy water-dependent ecosystems and protecting the aesthetic and spiritual values of lakes, rivers, and estuaries (Momblanch et al., 2018).  Companies are among the users of water resources and therefore they play an important role in environmental sustainability (Özsözgün Çalişkan, 2014). In this regard, customers and other stakeholders see corporations as responsible for the destruction of resources in as much as they use natural resources to satisfy their stakeholder’s needs, to make a profit, and to maximize shareholders’ value (Öztürk et al., 2022). Accounting as an information system can provide necessary information for the processes of monitoring, identification, measurement, planning, and management of these scarce natural resources. In other words, accountants can play an effective role in water resources management through sustainability reporting (Islam et al. 2023).Accountants can support organizational climate change adaptation by performing functions such as: assessing vulnerability and adaptive capacity, valuing adaptation costs and benefits, and disclosure of risk associated with climate change impacts (Water, 2014). In this regard, this study aims to examine the role of accountants in water resources management with an emphasis on its climatic effects using the method of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.  MethodsIn terms of the type of research, the present research is applicable, in terms of the path it is descriptive, in terms of the time it is cross-sectional and in terms of implementation it is of the field type. The population of this study included accountants working in manufacturing companies. In this research, the snowball sampling method was used for the sample size. With many efforts, 225 usable questionnaires were finally collected.In the present study, the required data was collected through a questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part included four demographic questions (gender, age, education, and years of service). The second part included questions related to the study constructs (water supply, water demand, auditing and monitoring of water resources, relevant and valid accounting information, and climate change). Research data has been analyzed using structural equation modeling and through SPSS version 26 and Amos version 24 software. Findings  Since this study is of an exploratory and confirmatory type, the main constructs of the research were first identified through exploratory factor analysis. These constructs include water supply, climate change, water demand, auditing and monitoring of water resources, and water resource accounting.  This finding shows that accountants can participate in the management of water resources by providing information related to each of the constructs.After the exploratory stage, it is time for confirmatory factor analysis, the purpose of which is to confirm the identified factor constructs. AMOS version 24 software was used to perform factor analysis (first and second orders). The results of the first-order analysis show that the factor loadings of all the items related to each of the constructs are more than 0.5 and therefore the variance between the constructs and the related items is greater than the variance of the measurement error, and as a result, the reliability of the measurement model is acceptable. Therefore, it can be stated whether the items introduced for each construct are good indicators for that construct.The results of the second-order analysis show that the identified constructs have a positive and significant effect in explaining the main construct of the study "the role of accountants in optimal water consumption". Also, according to the research findings, the order of influence of each of the construct on the main construct are water resource accounting, auditing and monitoring of water resources, climate change, water demand, and water supply. Conclusion Manufacturing companies are one of the major consumers of water. According to the research findings, accountants can play a great role in establishing an efficient system in the field of water resources management by providing realistic and quantitative information about each of the five identified constructs of water supply, water demand, auditing and monitoring of water resources, water resource accounting, and climate change.The findings show that as the accountants' knowledge and experience increase in each of the mentioned areas, it is expected that their participation in water resources management will also increase. In general, accountants can make managers' and policymakers' views more positive regarding the water crisis and climate change through relevant, timely and accurate insights, analysis, and reporting. * Corresponding author

The Lack of social life and interactions creates many problems, leading to a lack of development of individuals, and consequently a lack of development of society. It is absolutely imperative, therefore, for people to be more and better present in the community. Given the fact that today’, s dimensions of human social life are ignored, whilst in the past, these aspects were taken more seriously, this paper aims to explore and analyse the effective ways to create and strengthen sociability in successful historical cities in order to use them in modern urbanism and architecture. Accordingly, the historical fabric of Bushehr city, which has been one of the successful examples in presence of the people regardless of different cultures and religions, was selected as the study case. The questions are ‘, what is the relationship between the urban body of the historical fabric of Bushehr with the presence and socialability of the people? ’,and, ‘, what factors causes this level of sociability? In response, the study was conducted using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods in a descriptive-analytical way. The research structure was set up in two parts,The theoretical and literature section was done qualitatively and using library resources to extract the factors of the model. The field section was conducted quantitatively using a questionnaire and for testing model, using a binominal test in SPSS software and confirmatory factor analysis of users' opinions in Lisrel statistical software. Based on the research findings, the validity of the conceptual model was confirmed by convergent construct validity technique and its reliability was confirmed by composite reliability technique. The proposed model's fit of confirmatory factor analysis (5 Parts of the historical fabric of Bushehr including square, piazza, street, sidewalks and alleys and 4 factors affecting socialability including environmental comfort, security, welfare, diversity and attractiveness) based on factor loading of t, RMSEA, RMR, P-value, GFI, AGFI, etc., was confirmed at the confidence level, 95%. The results showed that the extracted model and its factors are suitable for measuring the amount of Socialability in the historical fabric of Bushehr, and among the factors, the index of welfare and diversity and attractiveness in the square space has the highest priority for users.

Background & Objective: The early identification of risk factors by screenings methods, as low-cost diagnostic tests with high survival rates, has always been of paramount importance for cancer diagnostics, especially in breast cancer. Since knowledge, attitude, and practice studies offer a desirable way to examine the status and make predictions, this study aims to design a valid and reliable instrument to assess breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and screening methods. Materials & Methods: The Waltz method was used to develop the questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis with a sample size of 390 and the confirmatory factor analysis were carried out using Amos software and SPSS 22, respectively. The reliability of the instrument was also assessed on 30 women over a one-month interval using the Cronbach's alpha and test-retest method. Results: The preliminary 87-item was finally developed into three sections: attitude (14 items and 2 factors with CVI=0. 92, CVR= 0. 72 and α = 0. 76, ) knowledge (16 items and 5 factors with CVI= 0. 99, CVR= 0. 85 and alpha 0. 87) and practice checklist (8 items and CVI = 0. 94 and CVR =1). Conclusion: The results suggested desirable psychometric properties of the questionnaire and its strength and validity in evaluating knowledge, attitude, and practice for identifying factors influencing breast cancer.

Aim: The aim of the study was determining factor structure and psychometric properties of the academic competence evaluation scale in female teenage students. Method: Study design was descriptive and statistical population included female second secondary school students in the city of Tehran in 2016 (N=49421). Using multistage random sampling, 120 students in the first stage and 450 students in the second stage were selected from eight education authorities and from each authority two high schools were selected. The tools of the study were the academic competence evaluation scale by Diperna & Elliott (1999), the achievement emotions questionnaire by Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry (2002). The GPA of students were also used as a dependent variable. After 25 distorted questionnaires and two outlier subjects were excluded, data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Findings related to construct validity of academic competence evaluation scale showed that the correlation coefficient of reading/language skills, mathematics skills, critical thinking skills, interpersonal skills, classroom engagement, motivation and study skills components with negative achievement emotion respectively were-0. 446,-0. 527,-0. 358,-0. 321,-0. 463,-0. 445 &-0. 275 and with positive achievement emotion respectively were 0. 283, 0. 350, 0. 346, 0. 288, 0. 415, 0. 480 & 0. 374 and significant in 0. 001 level. Conclusion: Academic competence evaluation scale has acceptable reliability and validity and that it can be used to assess the academic competence as well as the prevalence of negative emotions in Iranian female teenage students.

Considering the importance and necessity of strategic planning to respond to a competitive environment, the purpose of this research is to formulate and prioritize the strategies of a large manufacturing company in the field of household appliances. To answer the research questions and identify internal and external factors and company strategies, all managers and senior experts related to the field in the company, approximately 70 people, were selected as the research community. To compile the SWOT matrix, some senior managers of the company were selected through purposeful sampling. In the next step, 65 questionnaires were distributed through random sampling, and finally, 57 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis in Smart PLS software. The findings of the research indicate that the company is in an acceptable position in terms of its strengths, but at the same time, the environmental threats are significant. Therefore, the proposed strategy for the company is a competitive strategy, which includes four sub-strategies: designing and developing new products with a focus on strategic and exclusive products, leveraging the experience and technical knowledge of experts to establish companies that produce high-end foreign spare parts with the aim of internalization, defining product quality improvement projects in line with customer needs, and increasing financial investment in the research and development department for product development.

Islamic accounting is an information system that deals with reporting the value aspect of financial and non-financial events occurring in the economic unit with a focus on Islamic criteria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and understanding of accountants of the Islamic accounting using second-order confirmatory factor analysis technique (SOCFA). The study ahead is a quantitative one, and the required data was collected through collecting questionnaires and simple random sampling of 114 academic and professional activists to test the model, and SOCFA was used with Lisrel software. The results showed that all of the factors o the model including perceived value, attitude, attitude, subjective norms, and willingness have a good fit and perceived value, subjective norms, attitude, and willingness have the highest fitness respectively. Moreover, the comparison of factor loadings of all factors showed that "fulfilling the financial needs of Muslims" of "perceived value" variable has the highest factor loadings. As a result, it can be understood that to spread of Islamic accounting, while considering all the factors mentioned above, managers and planners should set fulfilling the financial needs of Muslims as their first priority.