Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2016 | Volume:15 | Issue:4|Papers Count:15

Background and Objective: Nowadays, the use of simulation for accurate determination of dosimetric parameters is inevitable. In this study dosimetric parameters 252CF-AT as aneutron brachytherapy sources using Monte Carlo simulation was calculated for treatment planning of some uterus and brain tumors.Materials and Methods: The physical and geometrical characteristic of 252Cf-AT source were estimated by MCNPX (2.6.0) code and the air kerma strength of the source placed inside the vacuum sphere was calculated. Recommended dosimetric parameters by AAPM, TG-43 protocol were determined for source positioned in a homogeneity water phantom.Results: The air kerma strength of 252 Cf source was estimated 0.33 (cGycm2/mg.h). The neutron dose rate constant using *F8 and F6 tallies was calculated 5.7524 (cGy/U.h), 5.650816 (cGy/U.h) respectively. The radial dose function with 5 degree equation was obtained. Numerical amounts of the anisotropy dose functions and the related equations were also calculated.Conclusion: The calculated dosimetric parameters of the model 252Cf-AT source by Monte Carlo code are in good agreement with experimental results and previous calculations. The calculated values can be used by treatment planning systems for the 252Cf-AT source brachytherapy.

Background and Objective: the most common cause of shock in surgical or trauma patients is blood loss due to bleeding. The usual treatment for this type of shock is the replacement of isotonic fluids. The aim of this project is to compare the effect of hypertonic saline (3.5%) and ringer lactate in the resuscitation of trauma patients with hypovolemic shock.Subjects and Methods: In this double blind clinical trial study, using a simplerandom sampling, trauma patients referred to Ahwaz Golestan hospital emergency room, were divided into the case and control groups (85 cases VS.85 control). The group received a hypertonicsaline solution 3.5% and intervention was done in the control group using the routine method of resuscitation, including administration of of ringer lactate.Results: In this study.170 patients (157 males and 13 females) were studied. The required time and the volume of the fluid intake to reach Blood pressure of 90 mmHg in the hypertonic-treated case group was significantly lower than the ringer lactate-treated control group. In a comparison between other variables, except serum sodium, 24 hr after the start of treatment, no significant difference was seen between the two groups.Conclusion: At the start of the treatment for patients with patients with hypovolemic shock following trauma, the use of hypertonic saline with a limited volume caused the reduced amount of fluid intake and the decreased the time of getting out of shock. Therefore, the use of hypertonic saline in patients with hypovolemic shock is recommended.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the specific activity of alkaline- phosphatase (ALP) in GCF during two techniques of canine retraction (sliding and frictionless) to find whether this parameter has the potential as a diagnostic biomarker of tissue response in orthodontic tooth movement.Subjects and Methods: In a clinical trial 5 subjects (aged 12-20 yr) with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion were selected. After the extraction of four first premolars, the sliding and frictionless techniques were used cross-sectionally to retract canines in each subject. GCF samples were collected from mesial aspect of each canine by using strile paper points (#15) at four time intervals (immediately after the appliances were fitted, at the time of initial activation, 15 and 30 days afterwards). ALP and microprotein levels were assayed by means of quantitative colorimetric technique and tooth movement at each sampling interval was measured by using a digital caliper.Results: After the activation of the appliances, average specific activity of ALP in GCF at tension sites was significantly increased using either techniques (P=0.014). In addition, the specific activity of ALP at sampling intervals in both techniques, showed significant differences. Change in specific activity of APL in sampling intervals, in frictionless technique was significantly higher than sliding technique only in 15-day sampling interval, but not in others.Conclusion: This study shows that alveolar bone formation can be measured via ALP activity in GCF samples. Therefore this will be a reliable diagnostic tool for monitoring orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice.

Background and Objective: Hence with regard to the impact of mental health on the students’ performance and the important role that it has in academic status advancement and preventing their academic failure and dropout, Therefore, the present study has been conducted to examine the mental health of students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz and its relationship with their academic achievement.Subjects and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 350 students in three groups of humanities, technical and medical sciences were randomly selected as subjects of the current study. The data collection instrument was the GHQ-28 questionnaire. The last semester GPAs (Grade Point Average) of students were considered as an indicator of their academic achievement. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, ANOVA and correlation test).Results: There was a significant difference between mental health of married and single students as well as between male and female students (P<0.05). Furthermore, statistically significant correlations were observed between mental health dimensions and academic GPA (P<0.05). An inverse significant correlation was also found between the mean of students’ mental health questionnaire scores and their academic achievement This means that with an increase in mental health (a low total score on the test), students’ GPAs (as an indicator of their academic achievement) may increase, too.Conclusion: Therefore, given the important role of mental health in the students' academic success, it is necessary to pave the way for its promotion in universities.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to asses and document the functional outcome and quality of life (QoL) in intertrochanteric fractures, one of three types of hip farctures requiring surgical treatment. These fractures have high mortality rate and can lead to discomfort and disability, and affect quality of life of patients. On this base we planned this comprehensive study to assess the quality of life among hospitalized patients in Imam Khomeini hospital, the main center of Orthopedic in the South West of the Iran.Subjects and Methods: Eighty one intertrochanteric fracture cases were enrolled in this study and their follow-up was conducted to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) based on SF36 questionnaire. In addition, demographic data and clinical information include surgical procedures and the time between fractures and surgical treatments (fracture interval to surgery) were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS V22 software.Results: Average quality of life for patients based on questionnaires was 48.5±17.7. Quality of life in patients with age, economic status of patients and fracture-surgery interval were statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, economic status of patients and fracture-surgery interval were significantly related to quality of life (P<0.001, P<0.0001, P<0.001 respectivel).Conclusion: The QoL of patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture is moderate to low. These results show requiring follow-up and care as well as psychosocial support for patients especially in the older patients.

Background and Objective: In Warburg effect, an aerobic glycolysis, tumor cells tend to absorb glucose and secrete lactate in the presence of oxygen to provide the energy needed for the growth in nutrient-poor conditions. Previous studies have shown that fetal cells behave like cancer cells. Based on those researches, we examined the Warburg effect in cultured fetal astrocytes isolated from the newborn mouse brain of C57BL/6 by creating a condition similar to cancer cells to induce cell starvation.Subjects and Methods: Astrocytes were cultured in DMEM/ FBS 10% and starvation was induced during the subculture for the period of 16, 48 and 72 hr. At the end glucose, lactate secretion and intracellular LDH activity were measured by a colorimetric method.Results: Glucose consumption was increased to 42% after 48 hr of starvation (P<0.05). Starvation-mediated events indicate an increase of lactate release after 16 hr and a significant increase in intracellular LDH activity by 7.63 fold after 72 hr compared to the control (P<0.05).Conclusion: Lactate production and secretion acts as a necessary source of energy and also a chemical component for signaling to other cells similar to what happen in the tumor cells. Since we provided a condition like tumor cells environment for astrocytes, it is concluded that astrocetes, like other cells, can mimic Warburg effect and this lead to a better understanding of tumor cell metabolism concepts to design of novel therapeutic strategies to target these cells in the brain.

Background and Objective: A strong relationship between metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes has been reported. Since it is recently suggested that a possible role of adipsin in metabolic disorders; therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training on circulating levels of adipsin and insulin resistance in obese women with type 2 diabetes.Subjects and Methods: Twenty-four obese women with type 2 diabetes (mean ± SD; age 41.3 ± 1.4 years and BMI 33.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2) participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: Aerobic (n=12; age: 46.52±3.68 yr, BMI: 32.24±2.26) and control (n=12; age: 45.82±6.79 yr, BMI: 32.46 ± 3.28). Aerobic exercises were conducted for 8 weeks/ 3 sessions per week with intensity 12-15 from Borg Index. Blood samples before and after exercise were collected 24 hours before starting the protocol and after the last session of the exercise training. For data analysis paired-samples and independent T-test were used to compare mean differences each group’s pretest and posttest and between groups at the significance level of P£0.05.Results: There were significant decrease in fasting blood glocuse (P=0.02), HOMA-IR (P=0.025), BMI (0.006), and body fat% levels (P=0.005), although there were not significant changes in insulin (P=0.358) and Adipsin (P=0.777) of the experimental group.Conclusion: According to the present results, we can conclude that aerobic exercise such as Pilates trainings is a suitable method to control diabetes in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background and Objective: The choice, acceptance and satisfaction of women with different types of contraceptive methods would affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare women's quality of life on different methods of contraception among clients referred to health centers in Dezful city in 2014.Subjects and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 525 women in 8 health centers of Dezful city in 2014 using cluster random sampling method. Inclusion criteria included women aged 16-50 years, no medical contraindications to use contraception and have no known medical condition or mental illness. Quality of Life was assessed with short scale World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHQOL-BREF) form. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS-PC (v.20).Results: The highest level of quality of life was found among using withdrawal (%29.9) and condom (%26.3); and the least level of quality of life were among using Tubal Ligation (%4.2) and Depot Medroxy progesterone acetate (%4.9). There is a significant correlation between the mean quality of life and the use of contraception method (P=0.034). Those who had more children a higher quality of life was reported (r=0.23, P=0.001). There was a direct correlation between the mean quality of life with socioeconomic status (r=0.41, P=0.001).Conclusion: The findings revealed women using withdrawal and condom methods have highest level of quality of life. Accordingly, executing family planning training programs for counselors regarding the suitable choice of contraceptive method considering women’s quality of Life is recommended.

Background and Objective: Gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases and the main cause of the dehydration and electrolyte abnormality in children. This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of plasma sodium and potassium imbalance in children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in Ahvaz's Golestan Hospital during two- year period (2011 and 2012).Subjects and Methods: This is an epidemiologic and medical record-based study, which included all admitted children with gastroenteritis at Golestan hospital between 2011 and 2012, in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Patients' data such as the type of electrolyte abnormality, age, sex, type and frequency of diarrhea, severity of dehydration, convulsion, and duration of hospitalization were gathered.Results: From 252 hospitalized patients, 204 cases were included in this study, of whom 141 patients (69.1%) were male and 63 patients (30.9%) were female. One hundred and eighteen (57.8%) of these patients had plasma electrolyte imbalances. Hyponatremia was the most common type (66.7%) followed by hypokalemia (22.1%).Age, sex, the frequency of diarrhea, severity of dehydration and occurrence of convulsion had significant correlation with the electrolyte abnormalities.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, electrolyte imbalances are relatively common in children with gastroenteritis.Younger age, female sex, higher frequency of the diarrhea and severity of dehydration, were predisposing factors for electrolyte abnormalities in acute gastroenteritis. Further steps should be taken to educate the society on the use of Standard Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and appropriate fluids in children with diarrhea.

Background and Objective: The neurobehavioral consequences of multiple sclerosis consistently include fatigue, clinical depression and cognitive dysfunction. The prevalence of severe depression in patients with multiple sclerosis is three times of the normal population. The researchers report that the prevalence of depression is approximately 27-54% in people with multiple sclerosis. Depression clearly impairs memory function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between depression and short term memory in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients.Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 54 relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis adult and 14 healthy controls. Beck Depression Inventory, digit span test from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were applied from all participants. Data analysis was carried out using independent-t test by SPSS16 software.Results: There was significant difference between patient and healthy groups on short term memory variable (P=0.05). However, but there was no significant difference between two groups of patients with and without (30 with depression and 24 without depression) depression on short term memory (P=0.82).Conclusion: Cognitive deficits can be an early feature of MS, and can occur without clear correlation with other disease variables, such as duration or degree of physical disability, and general lesion load. According to the results of the study, cognitive deficits in MS patients is completely evident. On the other hand, Based on the findings of this study, depression does not affect on cognitive functioning in relapsing-remmiting multiple sclerosis.

Background and Objective: Inadequate and inappropriate sleeping causes serious problems in physical and mental health and affects the quality of adolescent life. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship some of demographic characteristics of adolescents sleep quality in Ahvaz.Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 310 adolescents 15-20 years old were selected randomly from health centers in Ahvaz. Data gathered by demographic characteristics and Pittsburgh sleep quality standard questionnaires. For data analysis SPSS21 and descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used.Results: The mean age of participants was 17.5±1.5 year.166 (n= 53.5%) of adolescents had good and 144 (46.5%) poor sleep quality. Average bedtime and wake-up time were 0.5±2.3 and 8.3±2 in the morning respectively. The teenagers of Ahvaz need 31±28.1 minutes to sleep and total their sleeping time was 6.3±1.5 hours. Age and residence area had significant relationship (P<0.048). While ethnicity and the level of education had no significant relationship with sleep quality.Conclusion: According to these findings, more than half of adolescents had low sleep quality and quantity, which need serious policies to promote appropriate sleep.

Backgrounds and Objective: Air pollution affects the immune system in ways yet partially understood. One of the important pollutants is diesel engine particles (DEP). In this study, the effects of these particles on the peritoneal macrophages activity in normal and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice was investigated.Subjects and Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, divided into 4 groups. EAE was induced via injection of MOG35-55 suspended in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin. The treatment groups received intra peritoneal 5mg/mice of DEP suspended in PBS for 21 days. PBS was injected to control groups. Body weight, nitric oxide and the activity peritoneal macrophages were evaluated.Results: There was significant increase in level of nitric oxide in DEP-injected normal mice (P<0.000) compared to control. However, there was significant decrease in the levels of nitric oxide and activity of peritoneal macrophages in DEP-injected EAE mice (respectively P<0.01 and P<0.02).Conclusion: These data indicate that although DEP may causes an increase in nitric oxide production of peritoneal macrophages in normal mice but increases macrophage death in EAE mice. So, the effect of pollutants in normal and EAE mice differs considerably and it should be considered for further investigation to clarify the exact mechanisms.