KNOWLEDGE & RESEARCH IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2019 | Volume:19 | Issue:4 (74) |Papers Count:18

This study aimed at investigating the effect of authentic leadership on mental health through mediating roles of areas of worklife and occupational coping self-efficacy. The statistical population of this study were all employees of a public company affiliated to the Ministry of Power, from whom 325 were selected through stratified random sampling. The instruments used in the study consisted of Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALI) (Walmba et al, 20008), Areas of Worklife (Leiter and Maslach, 2004), Occupational Coping Self-Efficacy (Peasanti et al, 2008), and General Health (Goldberg and Williams, 1998). The proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) using path analysis. The bootstrapping method was used to test the mediation Effects. The hypothesized model of the study fitted the data reasonably well. The results indicated that authentic leadership had a significant direct effect on areas of worklife (p < 0. 001), areas of worklife had a significant direct effect on occupational coping self-efficacy and mental health (p < 0. 001) and occupational coping self-efficacy had a significant direct effect on mental health (p < 0. 001). The results also supported the mediating roles of areas of work life and occupational coping self-efficacy between authentic leadership and mental health.

The purpose of this study was to identify the indexes affecting the employees quality of work life in order to achieve a native pattern in this field. The statistical population of the research included all employees of the manufacturing sector of the NahanGol production and industrial company at Borujen, including 15 subjects, based on the purposeful sampling principle in qualitative research. Data collection tools in this research were based on qualitative research principles including interview and observation. The data were analyzed based on Colaizzi 's method in phenomenological research. The results showed that quality of work life has a total of 16 themes including incentives, salaries and benefits, effective training climate, organizational reputation, independence of practice, participation, empathic relationships, occupational factors, accident prevention, job security, extra-organizational factors, perceived justice, meaningfulness, spirituality, and corporate social responsibility along with 30 related sub-themes. Discovering new themes and sub-themes and their fit with cultural region is one of the innovations in this research.

This study wasaimed at designing and validation of a software for treating flying phobia, based on real recorded VR 360-degree films of an entire flying. At the content validity stage of the software, the population consisted of all phobia therapists and computer and media specialists, and 9 of them were selected on purpose as the samples. At the introductory intervention stage, the population comprised all subjects with flying phobia, and 10 of them were, then, randomly assigned to test and control groups. The research tools were a 360-degree camera, a VR display, and Bornas’ Fear of Flight Scale. For content validation, the software was presented to the specialists and their ratings were analyzed, which led to Cohen's Kappa Coefficient of 0. 78. This seems to fit well in terms of content validity. Also, covariance analysis at the introductory intervention stage indicated that this software significantly was effective in diminishing fear of flying (P < 0. 05).

Analyzing the effect between conceptualization of ethical leadership and organizational deviational behaviors has been the objective of this research. This study has been done based on the descriptive method of correlational kind. The statistical population of this study has been included all of the employees of Isfahan (IAU) who were 320 employes. Employees were selected randomly as sample. The standard questionnaire of Ethical Leadership (Kalshonand et al., 2011) and the standard questionnaire of Deviational Behaviors (Bent and Robinson and et al., 2008) were included in the research`s tools. The multiple regression`s tests was used. Results showed that the conceptualization of ethical leadership has a significant effect on deviational behaviors is negative and significant which is as (p≥ 0. 01, r=-0. 290). Therefore, the hypothesis of the effect of conscientiousness on deviant behavior is not confirmed and the hypotheses of the effect of dimensions of popular orientation, knowledge sharing, stability, role resolution, moral guidance, fairness of moral leadership on deviant behaviors are not confirmed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on impulsivity, interpersonal sensitivity and self-harm in people with borderline personality disorder with self-reported history. This research was conducted within the framework of a single subject design with a baseline, with a simultaneous start, in 9 sessions for one hour on five patient follow-up trials. The statistical population in this study was patients with borderline personality disorder, of whom five were identified with the borderline personality disorder and according to volunteering and adapted to the criteria of the study, they were selected through targeted sampling, which was determined according to the diagnosis of a psychiatrist with this disorder. Data were collected through Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Bar-On, 1980) and Interpersonal Impulsiveness and Interpersonal Sensitivity subscales. Data analysis by diagram and change coefficient showed that the intervention had significant and significant changes in signs and symptoms of self-mutilation of border patients. Contra-based treatment interventions have been effective on impulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, and self-confidence in people with borderline personality disorder.

The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. This was a semi-experimental research, having a pretest-posttest design, a control group and one-month follow up period. The statistical population of this research was including all of primiparous pregnant women in spring 2017 in Isfahan city (Amin hospital). Of this statistical population, 40 individuals were selected using convenience sampling method and placed in two control (20 individuals) and test (20 individuals) groups. The tool used in this research was an Attitude Towards Childbirth Questionnaire (Harmen, 1998. Before performing the interventions, pre-tests were done for both of the groups. After ending the sessions, post-test and one-month follow-up period were done. Results analysis using covariance analysis test showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on fear of childbirth in primiparous women (P<0. 05). Moreover, the results of follow-up period showed that the training of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a lifetime effect.

The purpose of this research was to study the coping styles of betrayed women in a qualitative way. This study employed a qualitative approach along with the phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old who confered on Isfahan counseling centers in late third quarter of 1396 and early four months of 1397 and selected through purposive sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. analysis resulted in 3 main themes of coping styles: inflexible, inactive, active. For each of themes, three subthemes were created including inflexible(anxiety, ruminative and comparative), inactive(avoiding, submitting and distracting) and active(supporting, participatory and agreementory). The results showed that the coping styles do not experience similarly by all betrayed women. Some factors such as how revealing infidelity, the quality of marital relationships, religious beliefs, social and family supports and existence of children had an important effect on coping styles. Given the fact that the findings have been elicited out of a native study, they may play a vital role in developing the intervention packages.

The present study aimed at developing and validating the Leiter International Performance Scale Software. The research method was psychometrics. Therefore, after developing the software, to validate the test, from among all 3-6 year old children in the City of Isfahan 240 children were selected using the stratified random sampling and participated in the study. To investigate the construct validity of the scale, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale and to investigate the concurrent validity, the Stanford– Binet Intelligence Scale were used. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the total score of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 2 year and 1 month to 4 year and 5 month children was 0. 71 (p≤ 0. 001). In addition, the reliability coefficient of the total score of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 4 year and 6 month to 6 year and 9 month old children was 0. 82 ((p≤ 0. 001). The Chronbach’ s alpha coefficient for 2 year and 1 month to 4 year and 5 month old children was 0. 75 and for 4 year and 6 month to 6 year and 9 month old children, it was 0. 83. The correlation coefficient of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software with the Vineland Social Maturity Scale was positive and significant (r = 0. 61). The correlation coefficient between the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Leiter International Performance Scale Software, as an evidence for the concurrent validity, was r = 0. 34 in the verbal subscale and r = 0. 75 in the non-verbal subscale. The results of the present study indicated that the Leiter International Performance Scale Software can be considered as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring children’ s intelligence.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of “ career anchors” group counseling on career decision-making, and self-appraisal, ability to gather occupational information, goal selection, making plans for the future and problem-solving in high school students (female and male). The research method was experimental research pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all high school students in 2016-2017 academic year in Sanandaj City. By using a multisampling method, 60 participants were randomly selected. The measurements included the Decision-Making Scale (Betz, Klein & Taylor, 1996). The experimental groups (a female group, a male group) participated in 8-sessions in 2 hours, “ career anchors" counseling group program. Data was analyzed using the multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated that career anchors group counseling enhanced the career decision-making and all its components in participants and this effect was stable after a month. (p< 0. 001). Thus career anchors group counseling can help students in career decision-making.

This study examined the mediating role of study skills in the effect ofacademic self-efficacy, epistemological beliefs and academic anxiety on academic performance of first middle school students Orumieh city in the academic year 2015-2016. This study was descriptive (non-experimental) and studydesign was correlational plans type of the structural equations. Statistical population of the study formed all of first middle school students of Orumieh in 2015-2016 years of academic. Sampling was cluster random and determination the sample size for each of the sub-variable were considered 20 samples and 350 persons were selected as the study sample. The instruments were: Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (Patrick, Hicks & Ryan, 1997), Epistemological Beliefs Scale (Schommer, 1991), Academic Anxiety Scale (Alpert & Haber, 1960), Study Skills Scale (Congos, 2009) and to measure academic performance of students the grade point average in the first academic semester 2015-2016 was used. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the structural effects of academic self-efficacy, epistemological beliefs, academic anxiety and study skills onacademic performance. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that study skills and academic self-efficacy directly affect the academic performance of students (p<0/01). Also the results revealed that academic self-efficacy and epistemological beliefs indirectly and through study skills affect the academic performance of students (p<0/01).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of communication skills training on perceived competence and happiness of sixth grade male elementary students. This research was a quasi-experimental in which pretest-posttest with control groups was used. Statistical population consisted of all male students of the sixth grade of elementary schools in Shiraz in academic year 94-95. By using available sampling, 30 students who gained lower scores on Perceived Competence Scale (Harter, 1982) and Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002) were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental (15 students) and a control (15 students) group. The experimental group received communication skills training in 10 sessions (90 minutes each). Then, the posttest was administered for both groups. Covariance analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in perceived competence, its dimensions and happiness and the mean scores of the experimental group were higher than the control group (P≤ 0/01). Therefore, communication skills training is effective in increasing perceived competence and happiness of students.

The goal of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of working memory strategies training on motivation achievement and reading performance of dyslexic students in elementary schools. In this quasi-experimental study, a pre-test, post-test, with control group design was applied. The statistical population included all the elementary students with dyslexia who referred to Kerman learning disability centers in 2015-2016 academic year. Among these students, 30 students were selected through multistage random method and were randomly allocated in one experimental and one control group (each 15 students). The assessment tools included Reading & dyslexia test of Kormi Noori & Moradi (2005), Herman’ s motivation achievement (1970) & Wechsler intelligence scale for children (Shahim, 2008). Working memory strategies training was performed during14 sessions on the experimental group. The obtained data was analyzed statistically by using of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that working memory strategies training increased motivation achievement and reading performance of dyslexic students (P=0. 001). In result attending working memory in order to promote motivation achievement and reading performance is essential.