Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Year:2005 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 (45)|Papers Count:14

Background: P53 has a critical role in more than half of the human cancers and is considered as a predictive factor in gastric cancer and affects patients response to radio and chemo-therapy treatments. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of helicobacter pylori infection and p53 gene mutation as primary cause of adenocarcinoma of stomach and its clinicopathalogical implications.Materials and methods: In a historical - cohort study, 60 patients who had adenocarcinoma of stomach were studied. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed by measuring the IgG in serum of patients within 2 months of surgery for adenocarcinoma of stomach (Elisa method). The P53 mutation was measured by Imuno-histochemistry method (IHC).Result: Based on IgG titration, 60% of patients were infected with helicobacter pylori infection, and 40% had no infection. The mean age for the patients infected with Hb was 66±12.9 years and 59±11.2 years for the none infected group (P<0.05). In the 24 patient who were Helicobacter pylori negative, 21 patients did not show P53 mutation either, whereas from 36 patients who were helicobacter pylori positive only 11 patients failed to show P53 mutation (P <0.0001).Conclusion: It appears that helicobacter pylori infection has an important role in P53 gene mutation and adenocarcinoma of stomach. This study also indicates that those patients without infection may succumb to cancer at an earlier age.

Background: The application of immunohistochemistry methods has resulted in marked improvement of the microscopic diagnosis of neoplasms in combined with H&E staining. Although unique cellular antigen have not been found in salivary gland neoplasms, multiple less specific immuno markers have been used and may be helpful in elucidating the role of myoepithelial differentiation in those neoplasms. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical myoepithelial markers (GFAP, actin, vimentin and S100) in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands.Materials and methods: In a descriptive study, formalin-fixed and parafin embeded tissue sections of 25 pleomorphic adenoma and 25 mucoepidermoid carcinoma were immunohistochemically analyzed for the presence of actin, vimentin, GFAP and S100 protein. A standard biotin-streptavidin procedure after antigen retrieval was used. Immunoreactivity of myoepithlial cells and chondromyxoid areas in pleomorphic adenoma and mucus cell, epidermoid cells and intermediate cells in mucoepidermoid carcinoma were evaluated and immunoreactivity was scored on a scale of 0 to +4 (Regezi method). Data were analyzed with chi-square test.Results: In 25 cases of pleomorphic adenomas, all nonluminal cells and chondromyxoid areas were positive (+4) for GFAP and vimentin and (O ® +3) for muscle-specific actin (12:0, 12:+1, 1:+3) and (+1®+4) for S100 protein (3:+1, 3:+2, 18:+3, 1:+4). But all mucoepidermoid carcinomas regardless of their grade were negative for all mentioned markers (P<0.0001). There was no Immunohistochemical difference in major and minor salivary glands neoplasms.Conclusion: Expression of myoepithelial cell-associated markers in pleomorphic adenoma have confirmed role of myoepithelial cells in histogenesis of this tumor and lack or limited expression of these antigen in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, indicates the minimal myoepithelial differentiation in this tumor. Evaluation of myoepithelial cell markers can be helpful in differential diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms with myoepithelial cell differentiation.

Background: The hippocampus is among the most sensitive brain regions in producing epileptic activity and there are many researches about the role of different agents on the seizures induced from hippocampal neuronal activity. In this research, the role of intraperitoneal injection of N6- cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), a selective adenosine A1 receptors agonist, and 1, 3-dimethyl-8- cyclopenthylxanthine (CPT), a selective A1 receptors antagonist, on hippocampal kindled seizures was investigated.Materials and methods: Intraperitoneal CHA (0.25, 0.5 and 1mg/kg) reduced hippocampal and amygdala after discharge duration (ADD) significantly. The stage 4 seizure latency was also increased significantly by CHA at the dose of 1mg/kg. Intraperitoneal CPT (0.25, 0.5 and 1mg/kg) increased stage 5 seizure duration, hippocampal secondary ADD and amygdala ADD significantly. Pretreatment of CPT (0.5 mg/kg) 5 min before CHA, reduced the effects of CHA on seizure parameters.Results: All hippocampal kindled animals showd stage 5 seizures before and after salin injection. CHA and CPT in administered doses, had no significant effects on behavior or motor activity of rats. Althogh, CHA did not change hippocampal ADD and S5D, but significantly increased S4D.This effect was dose dependent.Conclusion: The results showed that in hippocampal kindled seizures, adenosine receptors have anticonvulsant effects and injection of A1 receptor agonists enhanced this effect. In addition it may be suggested this anticonvulsant effect may be exerted in part through activity of adenosine A1 receptors.

Background: Primary and secondary infections and malignancies are inflammatory causes of fluid accumulation in pleural space. Tuberculosis (TB) induces pleural effusion similar to malignancies because of its sub acute and chronic process, although the management of two diseases is extremely different. CA-125, a glycoprotein tumor marker with molecular weight of 200 kilo Dalton, is found on the surface of ovarian and some normal and inflammatory cells in tuberculosis. This marker increases in serum, as well as in pleural fluid in the presence of malignancy or TB. This study was performed to evaluate and compare CA-125 marker in pleural effusion induced by malignancies and tuberculosis.Materials and methods: In this descriptive - diagnostic study, we evaluated patients with pleural effusion in Shaheed Beheshti University hospitals from 2004 to 2005. Patients with benign causes of pleural effusion were excluded, and patients with diagnosis of malignancies (regarding histology, biopsy and pleural fluid cytology) or tuberculosis (using sputum culture and smear, BAL, pleural fluid PCR, or pleural biopsy), entered the study. CA-125 was evaluated in pleural fluid using chemiluminesca immune assay. Comparing the results was performed using Mann Whitney method. P<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Twenty-seven patients with tuberculosis and 23 patients with malignancy were evaluated. Mean CA-125 level was 159.1214, and 2149.24513.6 U/ml in tuberculosis and malignancies, respectively; with statistically significant difference between these groups (P<0.01). Also, using ROC curve, appropriate cut off point to determine tuberculosis pleural effusion from malignancy pleural effusion was measured to be 221.5-253.5 U/ml.Amounts below this figure is favor of TB pleural effusion, while amounts over it is in favor of a malignancy induced pleural effusion.Conclusion: It seems that serom concentration of CA-125 can be used as a diagnostic index for differentiation of TB and malignancy induced pleural effusions.

Background: Circumcision is the most common surgical procedure around the world. Incorrect procedure may lead to harmful complications. The purpose of this study was determination of late complication of circumcision among primary-school boys in khoramabad, 2001-2002.Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 3205 primary school boys have Been examined for the presence of late complication of circumcision. The gathered data have been analyzed with SPSS (Ver-9) software.Results: From 3205 examined boys 3125 were circumcised. From circumcised boys, 273(7.6%) had late complication of circumcision. Redundant foreskin was the most common complication (47.7%).Circumcision in hypospadiasis was rare (2.5%).Conclusion: According to the high incidence of late complication of circumcision, we suggest to perform educational workshops for physicians and nurses. In addition parents should be warned about the complications of circumcision. Moreover, circumcision should be done by experienced physicians to prevent these harmful outcomes.

Background: Those bearing congenital nevi are at risk of malignancy. This research was made to determining the prevalence of melanocytic nevus and pigmentory disorders among children under seven years old and also to consider association between them.Materials and methods: we examined 400 children under seven years old in 13 kindergartens of Tehran and registered all kinds of observed pigmentary disorders or melanocylic nevus and their prevalence and association were compared.Results: Eight disorders were observed among children. The prevalence included: Junctional melanocytic nevus (JMN, 50.5%), mongolian spot (25/75%), cafe au lait (14.5%), Compound nevus (9.75%), Lentiginous nevus (0.75%), blue nevus (0.25%), Freckle (0.25%). There was a significant association between presence of junctional melanocytic nevus and mongolian spot; increase of JMN number and presence of mongolian spot; presence of JMN and presence of Cafe au lait and increase of JMN number and presence of Cafe au lait.Conclusion: Although Iran hasn't negro race, melanocytic nevus and pigmentary disorders under 7 years old has a high prevalence. There are also numerous significant associations between these disorders.Further investigations with more specimens are suggested.

Background: There are few studies and variable data about renal dysfunction in thalassemic syndromes. Determination of urinary NAG as the most important indicator for tubular involvement. can be considered. Due to lack of data in Iran, the aim of this study is detection of renal dysfunction and urinary NAG concentration in major beta thalassemic patients.Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between Feb. 2004 Feb. 2005 on all beta thalassemic patients admited in out patient clinic of Mofid hospital for transfusion.Diagnosis was carried out by standard criteria. 103 beta-thalassemic patients with various disease severity were studied. The first fresh morning urine sample was collected and analyzed for sodium, potassium, calcium, creatinine, phosphate, uric acid, protein, NAG (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) and amino acids. A blood sample from each patient was collected for evaluation of complete blood count, fasting blood sugar and serum ferritin, sodium, potassium, creatinine, uric acid and amino acids. T-test, Chi2 and regression analysis (pearson correlation) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean age of patients was 12.5±5.53 year. 53.4% were female and remaining were male. The patients had significantly high levels of urine NAG (13.5±13 U/gr) in 35.3% (Cl: 26-45%) and abnormal FE-Na in 29.4%, abnormal FE-K in7.8% and abnormal U Ca/Cr in 22.5%. Mean age in patients with abnormal urinary NAG was significantly different with mean age in patients normal urinary NAG (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between mean desferal usage duration in patients with abnormal urinary NAG and normal urinary NAG (p<0.002). We also found a significant correlation between mean transfusion duration in patients with abnormal urinary NAG and whom with normal urinary NAG (p<0.001).Conclusion: Renal disorders is not rare in beta thalassemia and increase with age growth, increased duration of transfusion and desferal usage and also increased with high levels of blood sugar.

Background: Adolescence is one of the most challenging periods in human development specially, in girls. There are some reports about undesirble nutritional status in adolescence in developing countries, including Iran. The present study was conducted on the adolescent girls in Tehran to assess their demographic data, anthropometric and nutritional status.Materials and methods: This study was of descriptive and cross-sectional study, 235 girls (11-14 years old) in the region (2, 7) public and private schools of Tehran were selected randomly. A questionnaire was filled for each individual based on their demographic data, BMI, nutritional knowledge and behavior. Data were analyzed using SPSS.Result: The mean age of the girls was 131.1 years and 76.3 of the cases belonged they had families with 2-5 person. Their food habit assessment showed that 25.36% and 19.58% of the girls skip breakfast, respectively in public and private schools. Lunch and morning snack were the most desirable meals.Assessment of students nutritonal knowladge showed 27.5% in public scools and 52.6% in private schools gained desirable level about girl age nutritional needs.Conclusion: The result showed that the adolescent girls di habit and nutritional knowledge. Therefore, more nutritional training program is highly recommended for both adolescent girls and their parents.

Background: Spasticity is a common and disabling complication that occurs as a result of upper motor neuron lesion and can induce movement disability unless treated. Most of the previous treatment evaluations have been based on qualitative assessments, but quantitative evaluation of spasticity is also important and necessary. In this study, we tried to assess and compare the effect of BTX-A in severity of spasticity based on clinical and electrophysiological assessments Materials and methods: This study was designed clinical trial before and after 15 hemiplegic patients (age ranged 44- 70 yr) with spasticity of ankle plantar flexors participated in this study. Before and after intervention, spasticity of the given muscles was assessed according to Original Ashworth Scale (OAS).Electrophysiologic measurements consisted of amplitude of maximum H- reflex, M response and H/M ratio of soleus muscle, that were recorded and compared before and after injection.Toxin injection was performed in gastrocnemos muscle (200 unit), soleus muscle (75 unit) and posterior tibialis muscles (50 unit).Results: Four weeks after injection significant decrease in H- reflex amplitude M response and H/M ratio was observed. Severity of spasticity according to OAS also showed a significant decrease. There was a significant relationship between decrease of H- reflex amplitude and spasticity decrement via OAS. There was a direct and meaningful correlation between H-reflex slope reduction and the decrease in spasticity OAS.Conclusion: BTX-A can reduce the severity of spasticity by pre- synaptic inhibition in neuro- muscular junction. It can also affect on muscle spindles and reduce the afferent vallies of la, thereby reduce the amplitude of H reflex and HIM ratio. These changes clinically define the decrease spasticity severity quantitative and qualitative.

Background: Ventromedial (VMH) and Lateral (LH) hypothalamus are involved in central, but not peripheral. stimulation of gastric acid secretion (GAS). There are some evidences that glucose, an inhibitor of central- stimulated GAS, acts on glucosensitive neurons in VMH and LH. Evidences suggest that decreasing central stimulation of GAS is mediated by reciprocal connection between VMH and LH. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of lateral hypothalamic lesion on the effect of D-glucose microinjection into VMH on pentagastrin induced GAS.Materials and methods: The animals were anesthetized and placed in a stereotaxic instrument and guide cannulas were bilaterally implanted above (1 mm) VMH after bilateral electrolytic lesions of the lateral hypothalamus. Seven days after implantation, two polyethylene tubes were inserted into the stomach through esophagus and duoedonopyloric junction in anesthetised rat. After washing of the stomach with saline prewarmed to 370C for 15 min., the gastric secretory volume were collected at 5 minutes intervals. Fourty minutes after starting the intravenous injection of pentagastrin (2µg/100g/hr), D-glucose (30mM) was injected into the VMH.Results: Intravenous infusion of pentagastrin induced marked increase in GAS with a peak starting from 30 min up to the end of the experiments. In LH-lesioned rats, pentagastrin stimulated GAS was lower than that in sham-groups. Microinjection of D-glucose, but not L-glucose or saline, decreased gastric acid output in sham groups. No significant change in the acid output was noted after D-glucose injection into the VMH in LH-lesioned rats.Conclusion: Our findings show that 1) There are GAS-type glucosensitive neurons in VMH which affect the pentagastrin stimulated GAS. 2) GAS-type glucosensitive neurons arent sensitive to osmolarity, 3) The part of peripheral stimulation of GAS by pentagastrin is mediated by reciprocal connection between LH and VMH. 4) LH neurons appear to play a significant role in pentagastrin stimulated GAS.