Year:2006 | Volume:19 | Issue:3 (72 IN ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES)|Papers Count:17

Light is one the important and effective environment factor in fish life. In this research, effects of photoperiod were studied on growth, survival, condition factor, specific growth rate and food conversion rate in 4 photoperiod treatments (24L/OD, 16L/8D, 16D/8L, 24D/8L) for 35 days. In this study larvae immediately after yolk sac absorption are used. The average weight of larvae was 112.28 mg at the beginning of experiment. Larvae were reared at the density 200 larvae in 40-liter tanks. The result showed that photoperiod treatments have significant effects on the weight, total length, condition factor and food conversion rate (p<0.05). Whereas survival and specific growth rate in different treatments did not show significant difference. The growth rate, total length and condition factor in the 24D/OL and 16L/8D treatments were significantly lower (p<0.05) than in the 24L/OD and 16D/8L treatments. Comparison of the 16L/8D and 16D/8L treatment showed that visual feeding period in trout larvae is very important. The highest growth was observed in 24L and 16D treatment. The growth rate in 24L treatment was 30% higher in compare to other treatment.

At slaughterhouse a 5-year-old female local mixed breed cow (Sistani breed) showed numerous small cysts with clear contents that affected extensive areas of the liver, without showing any clinical signs. Histopathologic examination (H&E and PAS staining) revealed that most cysts were in portal area and the contents were of mucin like materials.In portal areas there were slightly increased connective tissue and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. Pathological and parasitological examinations of the cysts revealed no parasitic origin. On the basis of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics the cysts were diagnosed as intrahepatic congenital cysts. This is the first report of such lesion from Iran.

In this project, We studied the effects of magnesium macroelement on growth of Chlorella vulgaris for annual period of 2002 -2003 at department of biotechnology in Caspian Sea bony fishes research center, Bndar-e-anzeli of Gilan.The algal cultures by purified stock of Chlorella vulgaris were maintained in 7 treatments with control and Zinder media (by changed in Magnesium concentration of course in treatments) by triplicate under laboratory conditions (Temp.25±2°c, light 3500±350 lux) for 96 hours. In the next stage we measured amounts of absorbtion in 750 nm by Spectrophotometer and then we count the number of Chlorella algae at the beginning and the end of experiment by a toma slide. It was found that the effective concentration range for this macro element was 0.1 - 10 mgl/it and the effective quantity of magnesium, for providing the maximum growth of chlorella is 0.1 mg/lit where as in control group (Z-8±N) the amounts was 4.6 mgl/it. This experiment shows us the growth of chlorella biomass in mentioned concentration has the best results where as higher concentrations can create a negative effect on the biomass growth of chlorella. By taking consideration of this experiment, it can be planned to better media for Chlorella vulgaris with the modification of Zinder media culture.

To determine the macroscopic and microscopic cysts of Sarcocyst 300 carcasses (138 male & 162 female) were inspected and samples were collected from muscles of heart, esophagus, diaphragm, triceps and shoulder, Daub smear were prepared and after staining were studied with microscope to find the microscopic cyst of parasite. X2 test was used to find the relation between the rate of Infestation and age, sex and different muscles. Gross examinations declare in none of the samples, but daub smear method showed microscopic cysts in 91% of the samples. There was no significant difference between male and female for microscopic cysts (p>0.05). Also in the cases with microscopic cyst, no significant difference was observed in different ages (p>0.05). The results showed that there is significant difference among different muscles with microscopic cysts (p<0.05), heart was the most infected and esophagus the lowest.Regarding to the results of this study the carcasses of the cow in Shahrekord are not infected to macroscopic cysts of Sarcocyst, but the rate of infestation to microscopic one is very high, it up to the kind of muscles and the rate of the muscle blood supply.

The present study has been carried out in order to identify and evaluate of fish species in Mazdaghan river, in Saveh, Markazi province. For this propuse four stations were selected along the river, and during five months of the year fishing was carried out through three kinds of nets with various meshes. For this study, 187 specimen were caught from Cyprinidae family such as Capoeta barroisi, Capoeta siboldi, Capoeta capoeta macrolepis, Capoeta aculeata, Luciscus cephalus, Alburnoides bipunctatus, Barbus mursa, and from Balitoridae familiy such as Nemacheilus kermanshaensis, Nemacheilus persa. The most numerous species were Capoeta barroisi and Luciscus cephalus, With 78 and 29 specimen, respecively. In addition, length study, weigth study,… have been done.

In this research, rainbow trout spennatozoa quality was evaluated. Males were selected into three categories of Fhirozkoh, Fhirozkoh fhotoperiodical, Damavand, each with twenty males. Specific differences between categories were found in male weight and spenn volume. With categories division into weighty category, less than 1000g, between 1000 and more than l500g, were found that category number two and it's weighty under category number one had more quality than other stocks. Midling total length, weight and condithon factor of male, spermatozoa percent and duration of movement, sperm volume and concentration, normal spermatozoa percent were respectively; 40.125cm ,1215g,0.0181772 g/cm3, %100, 39.375s, 29.125cc, 5.58687 x 109N/ml and %100.Male length, weight and sperm volume were negatively correlated with their condition factor, duration of movement spermatozoa and sperm concentration, i.e with increase to male length 1.375 cm and weight 127.5 g, decrease of duration of movement 3.25s and sperm concentration 1.16562 x 109 N/ml, increase to sperm volume 5.625cc.

Developmental changes of pancreas were studied in different age groups of female sheep by calculation of frequency and percentage of parenchymal and stromal structures of the gland, and measuring diameter of islets of langerhans. In this study, glands were selected from four different age groups included, fetus(2.5-3 months), newborn(1 week old), Sexually mature(6-7 months), and old (upper 3 years old). The results of histomorphometrical analysis showed that frequency and percentage of parenchymal and stromal structures in fetal stage were: exocrine secretory units 11.84±0.63 (%35.61), secretory ducts 3.72±0.37 (%11.19), blood vessels 1.66±0.89 (%4.99), islet of langerhans 2.26±0.13(%6.79) and stromal connective tissue 13.76±0.33 (%41.39); these findings showed that the minimum percentage belong to blood vessels (%4.99) and the maximum to stromal connective tissue (%41.39). Diameter of islet of langerhans in fetus was measured 43.59:1:21.9flm.In newborn stage exocrine secretory units were calculated 19.15±0.21(%65.85), secretory ducts 2.43±0.29 (%8.35), blood vessels 0.88±0.07(%3.02),islet of langerhans 2.29±0.08 (%7.87) and stromal connective tissue 4.33±0.21(%14.86); that the minimum percentage belong to blood vessels (%3.02) and the maximum to exocrine secretory units (%65.85). Diameter of islet of langerhans in newborn was measured, 52.75±1.35 mm. In sexually mature stage exocrine secretory units were calculated 18.85±0.15 (%63.66), secretory ducts 1.99±0.18 (%6.72), blood vessels 1.86±0.27(%6.28), islet of langerhans 1.74±0.06 (%5.87) and stromal connective tissue 5.17±0.39 (%17.46) that the minimum percentage belong to islet of langerhans (%5.87) and the maximum to exocrine secretory units (%63.66). Diameter of islet of Langerhans in sexually mature stage was ascertainmented 51.56±1.20mm. In old stage exocrine secretory units were calculated 19.37±0.36 (%64.07), secretory ducts 1.9±0.21 (%6.28), blood vessels 2.29±0.37(%7.57), isletof Langerhans 1.69±0.09 (%5.59) and stromal connective tissue 4.98±0.18 (%16.47) that the minimum percent belong to islet of langerhans (%5.59) and the maximum to exocrine secretory units (%64.07). Diameter of islet of Langerhans in old stage was measured 46.2±1.81mm. In comparison between different age groups, the frequency of exocrine secretory units showed a significant increase from fetal stage to newborn, sexually mature and old stages. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in frequency of secretory ducts from fetal stage to newborn, sexually mature and old stages and there was also a significant decrease in frequency of blood vessels from fetal to newborn stage. Significant decrease was observed in frequency of islet of Langerhans from fetal and new-born stages to sexually mature and old stage (P<0.05). In comparison between groups there was a significant decrease in diameter of islet of Langerhans from fetal to new-born and sexually mature stage and from newborn and sexually mature stage to old stage (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between the other structures. Our study revealed that, there was no significant difference in parenchymal and stromal structures and diameter of islets of Langerhans between different lobes of the gland in each age group. However, the above mentioned parameters often showed significant difference between different age groups. These differences were more prominent between fetal stage compare to the other age groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that structural changes of parenchyma and stroma of pancreas gland begin from prenatal period and will relatively continue in the period of postnatal development.

The bee venom is one of the important products of honey bee's colony that is used for the cure of many diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism, herpes, etc. Two kinds of venom collector apparatuses, venom apparatus used out of the hive and venom apparatus used inside the hive, were made in Iran. In this research the effect of venom collection on some behavioral characteristics including: Defensive behavior, general behavior, queen's stability, wax production and comb making, honey yield, and comparing the efficiency of venom collection by means of the above mentioned collector apparatuses were studied.Results showed that:1.The venom collection by the venom apparatus used out of the hive had significant differences on the defensive behavior and wax production (a=1 %) and general behavior (a=5%) in comparison with the control. This apparatus had no abnormal effect on survival and queen's stability, honey yield, in comparison with the control. Also the rate of venom collection with this apparatus was low and had much trouble for the user during venom collection.2. Venom collection by the venom apparatus used inside the hive did not show any negative effect on wax production, survival and queen's stability and honey yield in comparison with the control. Also the rate of venom collection by this apparatus comparing with the similar foreign apparatus was low but the manner of venom collection by it is simple and has no trouble.Generally, the effect of venom collection on the behavioral characteristics and honey production by honey bee colonies depends on the kind of apparatus, method of collection and probably other factors.

Gelatin is one of the most consumed colloid protein material in pharmaceutics, medical, food and military industries which considerable amount of it will be imported to the country annually in various forms for different uses. On the other hand, annually the considerable amount of the residues of breed cyprinidae; Silver carp or Fitofague (55-60%), which disposed as wastes, although it is useful source for gelatin extraction. In this study quality of extracted gelatin from skins and fins of Fitofague by two methods of acidic and alkaline were investigated and it compared with another sources. In this research quality properties Fitofague's acidic and alkaline gelatin and another sources were compared to form, moisture, ash , protein, setting point and setting time, melting point and melting time, viscosity, bloom strength, colour and pH. Results showed that quality of Fitofague's alkaline gelatin is better than Fitofague's acidic gelatin. Also, comparison of Fitofague's gelatin quality with another sources showed that sometimes quality of Fitofague's gelatin better than quality of another sources of gelatin such as cattle, calf, pig, foot of hen and shark skin.

Domask Rose residue is an available by-product, remained after extraction processing of rose flower in some parts of Iran, which constitutes a potential environmental pollutant and cost effective for disposal. This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and ensiling potential of this by-product. The residue was collected from processing plants around Kashan area, central region of rose industry, and analysed chemically. Using a completely randomized design, the collected substance was ensiled, together with different amounts of effluent absorbents such as wheat straw, dry shredded beet pulp, wheat bran and limestone powder, io provide optimum dry matter and ensiling conditions. The materials were completely mixed and ensiled in 40 sealed plastic containers (6liters volume), including 10 treatments and 4 replicates. After one month, all containers were opened and silage characteristics evaluated. The OM, CP, CF, EE, NFE, of Rose residue were 94.4, 11, 24,2.4 and 57.3 percent in dry mater (DM) respectively and GE was 4525 cal/g of DM. The DM content of silages varied from 26.7 to 36.6 percent, which was significantly (p<0.05) different among the treatments. the values of pH were varied between 4.08 and 4.36 and significant (p<0.05) differences were observed among the treatments. The treatments contained rose residue, sugar beet shredded and limestone 79, 20 and 1 percent respectively or Rose residue, sugar beet shredded, wheat straw and limestone 79, 10, 10 and 1 percent respectively, had optimised DM and lower pH, which were considered as good quality silages.

In order to compare rumen microbial population between sistani (Bos indicus) and Holstein (Bos taurus) breeds, three ruminaly fistulated Sistani steers in Karaj (SK), three Sistani steers in Zabol (SZ) and three Holstein steers in Karaj (HK) were used in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement. These three groups of steer, in three different periods, fed three type of roughage diets including either alfalfa hay (ALF), Phragmites australis (PA) or wheat straw (WS). The feed offered twice a day (8:00 and 16:00) at about maintenance level of requirements. The total population of bacteria per ml of rumen liquor was not significantly different among the groups fed different diets. Feeding of PA did not affect the protozoa concentration in the rumen liquor of Holstein (2.28x 104) and Sistani (3.00x104), but when the animals fed ALF or WS the total protozoa number (per ml of rumen liquor) of SZ were significantly (p<0.05) higher than SK and HK groups (5.19x104 vs 3.71x104 and 2.96x104 respectively). Also when animal received WS, total protozoa number of SZ were significantly (p< 0.05) higher than SK and HK groups (3.03x 104 vs 2.17x 104 and 2.00x 104 respectively). Holotrich protozoa number in three diets were significantly (p< 0.05) higher in SZ than the other groups. No significantly differences were observed among the groups for the density of ruminal anaerobic fungal zoospore. It can be concluded that, the Holstein steers could have better potential to digestion of ALF, whereas the Sistani steers may ferment and digest PA and WS diets more efficiently.

The pollen analysis of honey (melissopalynology) is essential tool to access the botanical and geographical origin of honey and their quality and understand the foraging ecology of bees. In this survey pollen extractions of 25 honey sample from Noor - rood Mazandaran province were studied. On the honey sample was melissopalynology was take to George Stokes law method. In this study 52 species from 18 family and 45 genus recoginized. The most pollen that honey samples exist are belonging family Labiatae (23.1 %), Leguminosae (21/2 %), Rosaceae (15/4 %), Compositae (13/5 %). and other in addition 26/3% are belonging. Also, from all of pollen that extacted in the honey samples, genus plants species recoginized as follows: Thymus, Rosa, Cerasus, Coronilla, Melilotus, Medicago, Trifolium, Astragalus, Dracocephalum, Phlomis, Salvia, Stachys, Taraxacum, Teucrium, Onobrychis, Verbascum, Echinops, Achillea, Cirsium, Helianthemum, Plantago" Eryngium, Mentha.

The effect of washing cycles (1, 2 and 3) and times (5,10 and 15) with child tap water and alkaline-saline solution contains 0.15% NaCl and 0.2% NaHC03 on chemical composition and rheological properties of Clupeonella engrauliformis raw surimi for evaluating the best method of surimi production was investigated. Alkaline- saline washing with low cycle and time used, cause to increase in protein and decreased lipid in dry weight and increase in shear stress but improvement in surimi gel shear strain has no significant difference. By considering sum of quality factors seem that 30 minute washing in 2 cycle with water to meat ratio of 5: 1 that first cycle of washing is with alkaline - saline solution contains 0.2% NaHCO3 and 0.15% NaCl, cause surimi production that has better functional properties between 18 treatments used. Comparison between minced meat with surimi produced with selected method showed that surimi processing causes 9% increase in essential amino acid concentration.

Hairless guinea pigs of Razi colony is produced from colored strain. At times of birth they are smaller than their litter mate and have loss and thin hair, specially at the muzzle portion where hair loss starts at age of 8-10 days old and last till 20-30 days when animal becomes hairrless. They only mate with normal haired guinea pigs and their litter size is 1-4. Life spane is approximately 2 years. They have normal thymus (euthymic) and gonads. Hairaless guinea pigs with brown –white color have smooth and fine skin without wrinkles while in black -brown strain they have thick and wrinkled skin. Hairless guina pig's skin differ from normal animal by the absence of normal hair follicles and keratine. Number of erythrocytes, pev, platelets and hemoglobin values are higher in hairless guinea pigs than in haired one. Leukocytes in both group have not shown significant difference. Number of lymphocytes in hairless are lower than haired animal Glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and bilirubin values have not shown differences in both group. In this study we have determined the nuclei of hairless guinea pig by animal mating selection, and the hairless animal with normal thymus (euthymic) and appropriate life spane was produced under conventional conditions. These animals are first hairless models in Iran which could be used in study of allergy, dermal tests, transplantation, immunology and dermal diseases.

Six diets supplemented with 6 levels of vitamin C from L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (0, 100,200,400,800, and 1600 mg mg/kg-1) were fed to juvenile great sturgeon in triplicate tanks for 8 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, there was a significant .difference between the control group and levels of 200 and 800 mg kg-1 in weight gain, mean weight, SGR, FCR, and PER (p<0.05), while no significant differences were observed in other cases (p>0.05). At the end of the experiment, there was no significant difference except in CF in control group and level of 200 mg kg-1 (p<0.05). The highest and lowest survival was observed in levels of 100 and 0 mg kg-1, respectively, and there were significant differences among the groups (p<0.05). Despite the obtained results and measurements of different indices of growth and FCR, we suggest 200 mg kg-1 in this weight and temperature, especially during the first weeks of growth and development.