JOURNAL OF NORTH KHORASAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2015 | Volume:7 | Issue:1|Papers Count:21

Background & Objectives: The relationship between oral diseases and adverse outcomes of pregnancy demands more attention to oral hygiene for pregnant women. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of educational programs based on the theory of planned behavior to improving the oral health behavior of pregnant women attending urban health facilities Ashkhaneh city in 2013.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 150 pregnant women, selected with simple sampling. (75 females of each site). Data were collected using a researcher desingend questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated. Data was analyzed by SPSS18 software at significance level of 0.05.Results: The most frequent samples aged between 21-25 years old. Before the intervention, the mean score of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intention and performance of the intervention and control groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05).After the intervention, the average of all the scores in the intervention group showed an increase except for subjective constructions after training (p<0.05). This difference was not significant in the control group (p>0.05).Conclusion: Using the theory of planned behavior improves oral health in the pregnant women.

Background & objectives: The diagnosis of UTI is based on urine culture. culture results correlates perfectly to the mode of collecting samples. In this study, we tried to determine that how much delay in lab analysis can affect the test results.Material & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 240 urine samples, collected from infants and children with urinary bags (120 cases) and midstream method (120). the samples were placed in the refrigerator or at room temperature.Then the specimens were examined for urine culture at 0, 2, 4 hours post sample collection. Spss16 was used for data analysis and compiled descriptive results are expressed as percentage and the Cochran test was used for comparisons.Results: Results of urine cultures collected with urinary bags showed statistically significant difference between samples which were kept in room temperature for 2 hours (p<0.01) but this was not true for specimens kept in the refrigerator or collected using midstream method.In both bag and midstream samples the results of urine cultures were statistically significant after 4 hours remaining in environment temperature (p<0.01).Conclusion: Results of this study shows that urine cultures are more likely to be falsely positive with time passing from the sample collection but if the specimen is kept in the refrigerator the likelihood of false positive cultures will be decreased.

Background & Objective: In order to increase the absorbed dose in the tumorous area, photon activation therapy via labeling of tumor by heavy contrast agents such as gadolinium (Gd) and target exposing by ortho-voltage xrays is used. In this method, the photoelectric effect is dominant in the tumorous area which will lead to the increase of local dose.Material & Methods: By using Geant4 computer code, dose distribution in different areas of normal tissue and Gd element tumor-activated, were obtained.In the designed model, the x-ray source was considered in the shape of a mono energetic and superficial circular plate with the radius of 15mm and the phantom (normal tissue, assumed tumor and detectors) in cubic shape with the side of 13cm. Rectangular cubic shape detector area dimensions’ are 40×40×48 mm3 which continue from phantom surface to a depth of 48.67 mm along x, y and z axes.Result: Optimum energy of photons in order to maximum absorbed dose enhancement factor (DEF) in gadolinium smeared tumorous area is 59.6 keV. By increasing the concentration of contrast agents, the homogeneity of dose distribution in assumed tumorous area is decreased but the greatest homogeneity of dose is seen at 106.5 keV of energy. Increased fluctuations of absorbed dose relative to the contrast agents’ concentration indicate that these changes in the concentration range of 1-8 mg/ml follow the linear function.Conclusion: Based on the simulation results in this study, absorbed dose in tumorous area following addition of contrast agent (Gd) with specifying the concentration and photon energy, is significantly more than when the assumed tumor is not labeled.

Background & Objectives: Over 90 years, the blood suspension has been used to save the lives of many people. Nowadays, by the use of new techniques and blood bags, separation and storage of blood components have become possible outside the body. However, the effects of blood storage bags challenge blood transfusion. One of the side effects is oxidative stress that increases as a result of an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the balance of pro - oxidant - antioxidant (PAB) in consecutive weeks after blood donation.Material and Methods: 100 blood bags produced from people's blood between 18 to 57 years old averaging 35.5 years in blood donation center of Bojnurd. The bags were kept in standard conditions for 5 weeks and after checking the health of blood in each week the needed amount were taken for examination. PAB tests were performed on samples every week.Results: Findings showed a significant increase in oxidant - antioxidant balance in consecutive weeks after blood donation (p=0.000). It was also found that oxidants increase in the first week after the donation.Conclusion: Oxidative stress gradually increases in blood bags as time passes after taking the bloods.

Background & objectives: colorectal cancer is The second common cancer in women and the third cancers in men. The aim of this study was to recognize of prognostic factors in the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients who referred to Omid Hospital of Mashhad from 2006 to 2011.Material & Methods: In this historical cohort study, 241 colorectal cancer patients were investigated. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Then the prognostic factors were established by Cox model using SAS software. (a=0.05).Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 56.62±0.94 years. The 1, 2, 3, 4 years survival rate were 81%, 66%, 53% and 44% respectively and the Median survival time in five years period, was 3.348 years. In Cox regression model, recurrence, history of opioid consumption and Duke’s stage were determined as effective factors in the survival rate of patients. (P-value<0.05).Conclusion: Considering different results from different studies, further studies to detection of Prognostic Factors in the survival rate of patients seem to be necessary.

Background and Objectives: Identifying and monitoring appropriate learning styles play an important role to choose the methods of learning and transferring knowledge and concepts to learners and eventually in the promotion of educational levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the freshmen learning styles in North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences based on VARK model.Materials and method: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional one. The sample size was determined through census sampling method and 178 freshmen were studied. The data was collected through VARK questionnaire. The data was analyzed with SPSS 19 and the chi-squared test.Results: The results of this study show that the learning styles in males are 18.9% visual, 26.4% aural, 17% read-write, and 37.7% kinesthetic and in females are 12% visual, 22.4% aural, 36.8% read-write, and 28.8% kinesthetic. The freshmen learning styles are 13.7% visual, 23.1% aural, 31.9% read-write, and 31.3% kinesthetic. The dominant learning style of dental, laboratory sciences, health, nursing, midwifery medical students are kinesthetic, aural, kinesthetic, read- write, kinesthetic and Aural- Write respectively.Conclusion: Instructor's awareness of different learning styles and choosing an appropriate one has a great impact on improving the teaching-learning process and increasing the effectiveness of the training.

Background & Objectives: NovaMin is a synthetic mineral composed of calcium, sodium, phosphorous and silica releases deposites of crystalline hydroxylcarbonate apatite similar to tooth mineral composition. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite is a well known material for the remineralization of tooth enamel surface. The present study compared the efficacy of NovaMin and Nanohydroxyapatite in the remineralization of carious lesions in permanent teeth.Materials and Methods: In an experimental in vitro trial, 30 impacted third molars teeth without any crack were selected and artificial carious lesions were developed on the teeth after exposing to demineralization / remineralizion cycles.The teeth were randomly treated with a NovaMin-contained dentifrice or nanohydroxyapatite 2 minutes daily for a total 5 days and their Vicker’s microhardness values were calculated. The data were subjected to Student T and Mann-whitney U tests.Result: The SMH was found to be higher in the teeth treated with NovaMin toothpaste (412.87kgf/mm2) than that in the teeth treated with NHA (388.40 kgf/mm2); however, this difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Both NovaMin-contained dentifrice and Nanohydroxyapatite solutions were effective to increase remineralization of carious-like lesions in permanent teeth.

Background and Objectives: In recent years, the entry of antibiotics and their metabolites in the aquatic solutions becomes an important concern. Since the drug has not been completely removed in wastewater treatment plants, it goes to the aquatic solutions. Thus the necessity remove the drug before leaving wastewater treatment plants is essential.Materials and Methods: This research is a laboratory study. We studied the influence of variables factors on removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic such as adsorbent dose (0.1-1mg/100ml), initial concentration antibiotic (5-20 mg/l), pH (4-10) and contact time (1-72 h) on adsorption process.Results: Most of the experiments were done with 10 mg/l of initial antibiotic. Our results showed that the maximum removal of antibiotic efficiency was achieved at pH=4, adsorbent dose 1 g/100 ml and contact time 24 hour. The removal efficiency is pH dependent. The contact time and also the amount of adsorbent increased the removal yield. The initial concentration of the antibiotic showed inversely relation with antibiotic removal.Conclusion: According to the results of this study Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be a suitable and economical candidate for the removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous solutions, with minimal technology.

Background & Objectives: Hospital is one of the most important public organizations which similar to other community organizations, for its survival and development requires creative and innovative managers and employees. So, this study aimed to identify the most important affecting factors on employee's creativity and innovation from the perspective of Hashemi nejad Hospital's personals.Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011. The study population was composed of Hashemi nejad hospital staff in Tehran city. By using of stratification and randomized sampling method, 200 employees of hospital were selected.Data also was collected by a standard questionnaire (including of affecting factors on creativity and innovation and demographic factors). The data was analyzed using statistical tests by software SPSS16.Result: Results Showed that the most important influencing individual and organizational factors on creativity were having an adequate perception to the subject (Mean=1.60) and stimulating the rewards (Mean=1.54) respectively. On the other hand, the most important individual and organizational affecting factors on innovation were patience in implementing new ideas (Mean=1.35) and providing sufficient budget for doing research projects (Mean=1.49), correspondingly.Conclusion: To enhance creativity, payment systems need to be modified and personnel should be trained in a creative thinking way. Furthermore, to promote innovation, the necessary resources for implementing ideas should be provided and people with innovative ideas be supported.

Background & Objectives: The human living environment has some extent of ionizing radiation that depends on the latitude and altitude of the region.Identifying the amount of this radiation can determine the suitable healthy living environment. In this study, for the first time, the outdoor radiation dose rate in the city of Bojnurd (North Khorasan Province, center latitude and longitude 27.37 and 2.57 degrees and elevation 1070 m above sea level), has been measured by survey meter.Materials and methods: In order to determine the amount of outdoor gamma radiation dose rate, in Bojnurd, a survey meter was used. Measurements for 30 points and four seasons of the year were done. Detector was placed on tripods and at a height of 1 m from the surface of the earth and each time, the dose rate was read at the desired location for 50 minutes.Results: Absorbed dose rate in different parts of the city and for the seasons of spring 133.5 nGy/h, summer 140.0 nGy/h, autumn 135.2 nGy/h and winter 126.3 nGy/h were measured. According to these values, the annual average absorbed dose rate 133.7 nGy/h, and the outdoor annual effective dose absorbed by the residents of the city was estimated to be an average of 0.16 mSv.Conclusions: The annual effective dose caused by natural gamma for residents of Bojnurd is more than the double of world average value (0.07 mSv, UNSCEAR- 2000).

Background and objective: Oxidation process, essential for the survival of living beings is to produce energy for biological processes. It is important to note that there is a balance between oxidizing agents and antioxidants to protect the body' s physiological condition. Reserves antioxidant play effective role in reducing the disorders increased production of free radicals. This research evaluates the antioxidant activity and total phenols of extracts of aerial parts of saxicoline madder plant Rubia florida.Materials and Methods: After preparing and collecting madder saxicoline and drying them in the shade, were dried in air and dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts was prepared by Masrasyvn. In this study, to evaluate the antioxidant DiPhenyl Pykryl Hydrazyl (DPPH) test was used. Hydroxy toluene (BHT) and vitamin C were used as positive control to compare. Then, to measure antioxidant compounds total phenols and flavonoid test was used.Result: Extraction efficiency of the highest to the lowest methanol>dichloromethane >ethyl acetate was obtained. The best antioxidant activity in higher concentrations of the extracts was obtained and among solvents, methanol extract led and highest phenol and flavonoid compounds for methanol was obtained.Conclusions: As regards phenols and flavonoids are highest in the methanol extract therefore, impute the effect of antioxidant extract to its phenols and flavonoids that further studies are needed to isolation and purification of this planet’s phenolic and flavonoids compounds.

Background & Objectives: Local pain due to propofol injection is a common side effect of propofol. Many methods have been introduced to reduce this pain.Combination of nitroglycerine and lidocaine is recomnded to reduce this pain. In this study, we aimed to compare the combination of nitroglycerine and lidocaine with lidocaine alone to reduce this pain of propofol injection in patients undergoing general anesthesia Material & Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 90 patients in three groups: 1- control group (placebo) 2- group (L) lidocaine 3- group LN: lidocaine +nitroglycerine. In control group, sterile water injected as placebo, in group l: lidocaine 2% with nitroglycerine 0.1 m /kg was injected. Hemodynamic changes were measured during study. Pain and pain severity in these three groups were measured.Results: Hemodynamic changes, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure heart rate and saturation in this study were unchanged. Pain in the control group was 96.7%, that was more than group L (56.7%) and more than group LN (6.7%) (p<0.001).Severity of pain in group LN was less than group L (P<0.001). Sever pain was not seen in group LN.Conclusions: Both Lidocaine and lidocaine+nitroglycerine reduced pain of propofol injection while combiniation of lidocaine and nitroglycerine has more efficacy and less pain so it can be used for reducing pain of propofol injection.

Background & Objectives: Animal bite is an important and preventable health hazard. That can transfer the zoonosis diseases such as rabies. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of Animal bites in North Khorasan province in Iran.Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study data were gathered form patient who suffered from animal bite and referred to health centers located in Bojnurd, during 2005-2011. Data were obtained from the data bank of the health center and analyzed using SPSS 18software, and presented with chisquared and Student t-tests.Results: A total of 5909 (77.36% males and 22.64% females) animal bite cases were reported during the study period. The most affected persons were residents in rural areas (72.04%). Most victims were bitten by dogs (93.92%), the number of patients with incomplete vaccinations was (90.12%) compared to (9.88%) completely vaccinated. The animals were domestic in 85.21% of cases, the monthly distribution of animal bite cases (average animal bites per month per year) showed no different. (P>0.05) Conclusions: Since the incidence of animal bites has been increased in recent years, the dog population should be controlled and vaccination of domesticated animals should be considered Education about animal bite prevention is an important policy for preventing this problem and consecutively rabies.

Background & Objectives: Seizures can be noted to the main symptom of epilepsy. Seizures prediction or early diagnosis for people reduces significantly injuries of epilepsy. The main problem that related to neurological disorders is an inability to timely prediction or the occurrence of seizures.Material and Method: EEG signals are Stochastic Process that can be treated as a sequence in time or in other words can be stated time series. In this study 300 epileptic patients categorized in three groups: normal, before and during the convulsive seizures were studied. Accordingly, after receiving data, they were preprocessed, then for Prediction time occurrence extracted special features by propose Algorithm. Eventually In order to final validate the cross-evaluation method (k-fold) has been used.Result: Firstly by wavelet transforms (WT), removed possible artifacts. In the next step by Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) the characteristics (delay) are obtained. Then SVM algorithm (SVM) was performed to dimension reduction and manage the data (delay) so final Prediction that applied by Adaptive Nero Fuzzy Inference System Based on Optimal Delay. The final evaluation and final validation were done and the algorithm accurately in predicts by 2 units in delay approved.Conclusion: The Proposed System achieved a high accurate by interaction in introduced method. Despite the high accuracy, the present methods have a little ability in predicting seizure. Comparing the current methods indicate accuracy and high efficiency of the present approach.

Background & Objectives: Three elements - legal, physical and mental – are required to commit a crime. The mental element or guilty intent must be proved by the prosecution. Commitment of crimes under duress and necessity causes not to form the required mental element. This is where the defendant claim that he/she was not consent and has not free will in committing the crime. Considering the circumstances and personality affecting the free will is of much importance.Materials and Methods: This is a comparative -analytical library study. To do so, after collecting related books, articles and codes they were compared and analyzed.Results: The survey results that the defense of duress and necessity are accepted in both Iran’s and common law systems and if established, is a complete defense. Human being is always the source of duress, while circumstance is the source of necessity. Based on the differences in physical, mental and feeling features, the impact of duress and necessity are different on people.Conclusion: Duress if proved, spoils criminal and civil liability. In common law, contrary to Iran, the defense of necessity if valid, will spoil both criminal and civil responsibility. Individual differences and personality distinctions influenced by duress and necessity are so important that to apply criminal justice the prosecution officials must have psychologists’ and psycho rapists’ scientific comment.

Background and Objective: Subjective well-being is one of the important issues of Positive psychology. This study aims at investigating the influence of emotional intelligence training on positive thinking components of secondary students of Birjand Shahed schools in 1391.Material & Methods: This study is quasi-experimental administrating pre/post tests on experimental and control groups. For this, at first, all Shahed schools of Birjand were considered The purpose of all male students in Birjand subjective well-being questionnaires completed. Then (30), students in both groups (15 patients and 15 control group (who scored lower subjective well-being of the rest of them were selected.Experimental group students were taken under training of emotional intelligence protocol according to Bradberry T-Greaves J. (2005) through 8 ninety-minute sessions. Control group students received no training in this regard. Both groups answer the test of positive thinking once more. Finally, tests of, Kolmogorov- Smirnov, Levene's Test, Mean, Standard deviation, independent T-test, and Covariance were used for the analysis and description of the data.Results: The results show that the new protocol elements of emotional intelligence on the components of subjective well-being in the intervention group had significant effect on the test (p<0.01). The impact of the new components, stress and depression, vitality and determination were respectively (0.455, 0.441, 0.676, 0.638, respectively.Conclusion: Since training of emotional intelligence influences positive thinking significantly, it should be applied in improving the positive thinking of students.

Background & Objectives: Jaundice is a common clinical aspect during infancy which affects term (60%) and preterm (80%) newborns in the first week of life. One of the most common reasons is glucose- 6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency that might increase the risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence rate of enzyme deficiency in newborns with jaundice in North Khorasan. We also compared clinical and paraclinical values and complications among G6PD- deficient and normal G6PD infants who were admitted in the hospital due to jaundice.Materials and Methods: This analytic descriptive study was performed on files of newborns with jaundice. Information of babies who admitted due to jaundice such as perinatal history, clinical and laboratory findings were collected and recorded. Data was compared between two groups of normal G6PD and G6PD deficient- neonates. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 17 statistical package.Results: Among 754 admitted infants with jaundice, we found 24 (3.2%) babies with G6PD deficiency. We did not find any significant differences between two groups for variables like birth weight, weight on admission, total serum bilirubin, hematocrit, coombs, hospitalization period whereas a significant statistical difference for reticulocyte was recorded. We did not find any relation between G6PD deficiency and number of blood exchange performing.Conclusion: G6PD deficiency is a common enzyme defect among newborns with hyperbilirubinemia (3.2%) in North Khorasan, Iran and may cause severe hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus. There was significant difference between two groups for reticulocyte count. By screening all infants in high prevalence places and on-time treatment we can prevent further complications of G6PD deficiency disorder.

Background & objectives: Teenagers more than any other group engage in a range of risky behaviors that could be have a high price for them, their family and community. The present study aimed to investigate the role of behavioral inhibition system (BIS), behavioral activation system (BAS) and its components; fun seeking, reward response and drive in predicting risky behaviors.Materials & Methods: This research is a correlation study. The population of this study was all the students in third grade of high school. Among them 270 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling. Variables were measured using Young's Risk Behaviors Scale (YRBSS) and BIS/BAS Scale of Carver & White (1994). The data were analyzed by SPSS-19 and using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression.Results: Significant positive correlation was found between BAS, fun seeking and reward response with risky behaviors (p<0.01). There was no significant relationship between drive and BIS with risky behaviors (p>0.05). Multivariate regression analysis with enter method showed a statistically significant multiple relationship between predictor variables and the criterion variable (MR=0.23, p<0.01). The results using of stepwise method showed that among the four predictive variables, only fun seeking is significant in predicting risky behaviors (b=0.20, p<0.001).Conclusion: The high sensitivity of the BAS, fun seeking and reward response increases the likelihood of risky behaviors associated with them. Fun seeking has the most important role in predicting risky behaviors.

Background & objectives: The most important organic materials are humic acid, lignins, tannins, hydrocarbons, amino acids, phenolics and fatty acids. The presence of organic compounds in water which is an important resource for the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and mutagenic substances and also can be used by microorganisms as carbon source call for the need to develop new systems for removing organic compounds.Materials and Methods: The water samples including raw water, the effluent after accelerator and the effluent after filtration were taken from Jalaliyeh water treatment plant during 6 months; in this fashion that, two days from each week were selected in each of which three samples were taken from the three points mentioned above; in other words, 24 samples in each month and totally 144 samples were collected during the whole study period. The measurement of TOC was performed by means of spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 555 nm.Results: When the input TOC was at its maximum value, TOC removal efficiency was about 80% which could be increased by augmentation of the amount of coagulant substance or use of coagulant aid. The removal efficiency was declined by decreasing the concentration of TOC input. The accelerator had an acceptable efficiency for the elimination of TOC.Conclusions: The samples taken after raining days showed an increased amount of input organic matter, especially TOC, into the treatment plant compared to the days without rainfall.

Background & objectives: Lack of early detection and intervention of cerebral palsy in children can lead to multiple disabilities. Neurofeedback is a new treatment method that may cause neuro and metabolic function regulation in brain. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of neurofeedback on brain waves in children with spastic cerebral palsy.Material & Methods: This study was semi-experimental with pre- and post- test.The sampling method was available. The samples include all children 4-15 years old with spastic cerebral palsy; were admitted to rehabilitation centers of Tehran, in 2013. Twenty-six children with cerebral palsy with a mean age of 9.1±4.8 years on the basis of inclusion & exclusion criteria (IQ above 80) were enrolled. Five sessions of neurofeedback were done. Brain waves were recorded before and after intervention by the EEG / ERP 19-channels standard with a sampling frequency of 250Hz and were compared to brain waves patterns of 50 normal, 4-15 years old children (control group).Results: The average of delta (low frequency) power decreased and the alpha (higher frequencies) power increased over the children after intervention in each channel. These mean that intervention bring brain waves pattern to near normal and these changes may be the signs of brain waves improvement.Conclusion: It seems that neurofeedback improve the brain waves in children with cerebral palsy. It’s necessary to do more investigations about the efficacy of this method in treatment of cerebral palsy.

Background & Objectives: University of Medical Sciences is one of the most important organs of service to the citizens. Its main purpose is to provide services and meet the needs of citizens. The investigation of anti-citizenship behavior of staff and its relationship with the managers’ way of political behavior and, ultimately, the roots of problems, Could provide a better service and deserve to the citizens.Material & Methods: The present study is descriptive (correlation analysis), and in terms of the purpose, it is practical. This study aimed to investigate the role of moderator of the type of personality in the relationship between the managers’ political attitudes and anti-Citizenship’s behaviors of employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. According to statistics in 1393, the total number of employees is 750 people, among which 250 people with formula samples were selected by the researchers. The survey questionnaire was used to collect information. Then, by using SPSS and LISREL software, the data were analyzed by the researchers.Results: Political behavior of the managers increased the anti-Citizenship behaviors of employees. (p=0.000 r=0.275). In addition, types of the personality can adjust the relationship between political attitudes and behavior of managers. P (0.030).Conclusions: The study showed that there is a relationship political behaviors of the managers and anti-Citizenship behaviors of staff. In other words, the political behavior of managers increases anti-Citizenship behaviors of staff. Among the political behavior of managers, dimensions of persuasion and appeal to values, blaming, threatening, supportive base hits and obscure secrecy had the greatest impact on anti-Citizenship behaviors of staff. Moreover, the results showed that the types of personality, as an intervening variable, affect the relationship. And those with type B personality lower than those with type A, engage less to the anticitizenship behaviors.