JOURNAL OF MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY (JMP)
Year:2011 | Volume:1 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Recognizing facial emotions is an essential part of interpersonal relationship that possibly is dysfunctional in major depression disorder (MDD). There are two major issues about that. 1- Some researchers believe that MDD patients have a problem with cognitive speed that is characterized by cognitive slowness so; MDD's cognitive functions in each area including recognizing facial emotions are slower than healthy control subjects. 2- Others believe that MDD patients have bias in recognition of emotions on face so; they recognize the negative emotions better than the positive emotions.Method: This is an Ex Post Facto design with two groups. (MDD patients and normal control).Participants included 32 men in the range of 40 to 60 years old.16 inpatients MDD was selected from the department of psychiatry of the Jannat hospital those patients were admitted from December 2009 until April 2010. Every patient who received the diagnosis of major depression based on DSM-IV by a psychiatrist and at same time got the score of severe depression in the Beck's depression questionnaire (Beck, 1971) was include. Each patient who has organic or psychotic symptoms was excluded. Normal control group was consisting of 16 volunteer men who matched with MDD group by age, education, and marriage status. Recognition of emotions in faces was measured by 32 images that presented by a laptop (Emani, Hadianfard, 1388).Results: MDD patients achieved significantly lower scores than the normal group in the emotion recognition task. There was not any significant bias between positive and negative emotions recognition for MDD patients.Discussion: This result supports the notion that the same as other cognitive functions, the recognition processing of MDD patients is slow in general. This slowness works for both negative and positive emotions. Thus, this research shows the impairment of interpersonal communication in MDD patients is associated with cognitive slowness.

Introduction: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder which can develop after exposure to any event which results in psychological trauma. Cognitive – Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most commonly used treatment for Post traumatic stress disorder. This study was designed with the aim of comparing the efficacy of three methods Cognitive – behavioral therapy including problem solving skills, prolonged Exposure and compound method (formed of two methods of problem solving skills and prolonged Exposure) on treatment and reducing symptoms post traumatic stress disorder.Method: Society statistical study included patients suffering from post traumatic stress disorder from war. 100 patients with using of an experimental design with pre test and post test in experimental groups three included: 1- problem-solving skill group 2- exposure therapy group 3- compound group, and a control group that were divided. Each of mentioned groups Contained 25 members. Measurement tool in this study were Symptoms Checklist 90-Revised (SCL 90-R).Results: The results showed that all three methods in the treatment and reduce PTSD symptoms are significant effect (01 / 0>p). But method prolonged exposure method better of combination method and combination method was better of problem-solving skill method.Discussion: Psychologists with using of methods Cognitive – behavioral therapy including skills problem solving, prolonged Exposure and compound method in treatment and reducing symptoms can be to effect in disorder treat for patients suffering from post traumatic stress disorder.

Introduction: Due to the sensitivity and applications of combat operations Rapl requires courage, boldness and confidence and anxiety levels of concentration, attention, thinking, reduces people's control and decision making. This study investigated the effect of cognitive therapy in reducing anxiety during the procedure is Rapl.Method: The study was conducted in an experimental way. For this purpose, the number 39 that had high pre-test anxiety, were selected and randomly assigned in two groups. The experimental group received 6 sessions of cognitive therapy training. For traces of anxiety, of SCAT, for the anxiety, the CSAI-2, was used.Results: The mean difference between pretest and test-related anxiety and state anxiety was significant in veins. The differences between experimental and control groups in the vein of anxiety and anxiety are significant. The differences between experimental and control groups in physical and cognitive state anxiety and selfesteem was significant.Discussion: The positive effects of cognitive therapy in reducing anxiety veins, anxiety, cognitive anxiety and somatic state anxiety and increase confidence while the state has Rapl experimental groups.

Introduction: This study is aimed to propose and evaluate a conceptual model of the relationship between individual resistance against and commitment to planned organizational changes.Method: The proposed conceptual model consists of two parts, individual resistance with four dimensions and 13 indexes and commitment to organizational changes with 3 dimensions. The model was examined in a military organization. Statistical community of the research consists of all 850 managers and staff of the studied organization. Using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method, the sample size was determined 265 people. In this study a main hypothesis and three sub-hypotheses were tested at the 99% confidence level.Results: According to obtained results in this study, there was no significant relationship between resistance against organizational changes and commitment to organizational changes. Also, the correlation between level of education and commitment to changes was reverse and the correlation between work experience and individual resistance against changes was direct. Lack of creative responses also was identified as the most important factor for individual's resistance against changes.Discussion: job background was only affective demographic variant on individual resistance; so in organization change process, rise of attention to employees with old job background can control and conduct their resistance. Also type of employment and level of education were affective demographic variants on commitment to change.

Introduction: The present research is for investigation & comparing The amount of hardiness & religious attitude & their relation between female ordinary & revolutionary force students in university.Method: The design is an EX-POST FACTO & it is a Cause / comparison type of descriptive study. In this research 100 of female revolutionary force students & 100 of female ordinary students are chosen randomly by means of two questionnaire (religiosity questionnaire for university students & personal approach survey) & using the T test, one way ANOVA & MANOVA & Pearson's co relational coefficient, compared to each other.Results: The results of statistical analysis shows that means of hardiness & religious attitude of the revolutionary students are higher than the ordinary students, also there is a relationship between hardiness & religious attitude in two groups of ordinary & revolutionary force students in university.Discussion: Revolutionary force have the higher religious attitude & hardiness comparing with the ordinary students, also by increasing hardiness rate, religious attitude rate in revolutionary force students will increase & in ordinary students will decrease.

Introduction: commitment is concerned as an attitude and can antecedent the rate of displacement, low performance and weak responsibility before recruitment. With respect to the nature of military organizations, it was found those who committed to their job were succeeded.Methods: subjects were selected through Cluster sampling from a military unit. Subjects were requested to fill in the Porter Organizational Commitment Questionnaire as well as the Big Five Personality Scale (NEO). Data was analyzed by correlation and regression.Results: the aim of the present research is to find the personality traits that antecedent the organizational commitment.Discussion: results revealed that both conscientiousness and agreeableness was the main predictors for organizational commitment. Openness to experience can also predict the organizational commitment in second order.

Introduction: the media are trying their mental images desired, the community, forming. In fact, their mental picture, the world public opinion to guide and management are desired.Mental imagery in the media can have two different functions: Manufacturer to provide the desired image, and strengthen national unity and promising to undo the destructive actions of the enemy can be a country of opportunities for growth and excellence. Or destructive role in the poor, the people of hopelessness and despair, and undo the destruction of national unity and constructive measures to deal with local governments as a threatening factor to be considered. In this study to assess the type and amount of national media in the media compared with satellite images of Tehran's subjective indicators were added.Method: The population of all residents over 18 years in Tehran were randomly selected through multistage sample of 900 questionnaires were evaluated. Using a comparative study of two groups of people in Tehran Psrvydady of monthly television and national media as the main source for news use, were compared based on comparative.Results: This study has shown that the satellite media largely been able to contact mental images in the areas of public confidence in the system and its elements (17.3), confidence in the armed forces (28.7), social cohesion (16.4), promotes a feeling of insecurity in society (22.6) and reduced their religious beliefs (19.2) are effective.Discussion: monthly media as a tool to intimidate the enemy is trying to influence your beliefs and the reduction in social capital and trust of the public to reduce the system. The results show that in recent years have achieved successes in this field; Authorities need the media, especially in the national media to deal effectively with the media aware of the impact of satellite pay.