JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2011 | Volume:4 | Issue:1 (12) |Papers Count:16

Tarkhineh is basic of traditional soup in west mountain area of Iran. It is compost of grounded wheat sop in goats’ fermented milk. People use this soup because of it is benefical effects. It seems that Tarkhine is a good source for isolation of beneficial lactic acid bacteria. Aim of this study is isolation of Lactic acid bacteria from Tarkhineh and assessment of colonization ability in GIT and cholesterol reduction from media. Colony of Lactic Acid Bacteria isolated on MRS agar by strike method. In order to evaluate colonization ability in GIT acid (pH=2.5) and bile (%0.3) tolerance assessed. Assimilation and reduction of300 μg/mlcholesterol of media were assessed by o-phethalaldehydmethod. 26 strains (T1-T26) were isolates from fresh Tarkhineh.T5, T11, and T4 could well growth in acid and bile. T4 assimilate more than 200 μg/ml cholesterol of media. However T23 and T7 are resistance to bile salts and assimilate 217, 297 μg/ml cholesterol respectively. Even though these are sensitive to acidic condition. Results demonstrated Tarkhine is an appropriate source for probiotic isolation. These bacteria can use in different food products base of their growth conditions.

The urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prevalent disease which its misdiagnosis may lead to kidney deficiency and even pyelonephritis. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important pathogens in the UTIs. Recently, its multi-drug resistance (MDR) trait has become more important and regarded as a virulent factor. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance and multi-drug resistance pattern in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated prevalent in community and hospital acquired UTIs. In the period of study (1 year) a total of 7655 urine specimens were collected from the UTI patients. After that isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance analysis of isolates was performed by disc diffusion method according CLSI standards. Finally, results were analyzed by SPSS software. Antibioticresistance pattern of 72 K. pneumoniae strains isolated in this study, were as follows: amoxicillin 98.61%, co-trimoxazole 95.83%, nitrofurantoin 94.44%, ceftazidime 80.55%, cephalothin 77.77%, gentamicin 73.6%, tetracycline 72.22%, nalidixic acid 58.33%, chloramphenicol 48.61%, norfloxacin, amikacin and ciprofloxacin 43.05% and imipenem 1.4%. Moreover, 71 isolates (98.61%) were determined as multi-drug resistant. The results of this study demonstrate that existed high prevalence of MDR Klebsiella pneumonia isolates in UTI samples in that we should points to the in usage of antibiotic.

The white button mushroom is the important commercial mushroom in the world. In this work, eleven treatments of various casing materials consisting of vermicompost produced from urban waste of Mashhad have been evaluated as an alternative to peat for the cultivation of mushroom. Some properties of these treatments (moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C: N ratio, ash and CaCO3 content) were compared with peat-base casing soil. For this, various production parameters (number of mushrooms, yield, unit weight, sporophore diameter, earliness and dry matter) were evaluated. EC of treatments were significantly higher than peat-base casing soil. Our findings show that vermicompost because high adhesion and EC could not use alone as suitable replacing of peat. In some treatments, that vermicompost was used with supplement agents there was no significant difference in the mushroom yield with peat-base casing soil at the end of the culture period. In the whole treatments which used vermicompost as a basic of casing soil dry weight, unit weight and sporophore diameter were increased significantly though the numbers of the mushroom decreased. In the treatments, which were produced via vermicompost the earliness, or days to first harvest was more than peat-base casing soil. According to this point that vermicompost is more chipper and available and with the aims of decreasing the destruction of the peat sources and the environmental pollution, we can use vermicompost recycled from urban waste as an appropriate alternative for peat casing soil in the white button mushroom cultivation.

History and pupose: Benzoic Acid salts such as sodium and potassium Benzoate in low concentration are used for elimination of microbial pollutin in different food, cosmetics, hygienic, pharmacological products and some pesticides. The purpose of this research is the study of histopathological effects of potassium Benzoate on histology of fetus heart of Syrian mice (the striain of balbic mice).In this study, some Syrian mice were given 0.1cc Potassium Benzoat with two dosage of 280 and 560 mg/kg, 10 days before gestation and then 5-16 days of gestation. The control group were injected intra peritoneally normal salin.Then at the 18th say of gestion, we remored fetus after autopsy of mothers and removed their hearts and fixed them in fixator for providing tissue sections. In lams that were produced by hematoxilin ausin stain, we measured the longest vertical and horizontal axis that were in the same sectional sites and studied them statistically according to T Test. In this study, we measured the longest vertical and horizontal axis in thee groups – control group, treated group I (Dosage of 280 my/kg) and treated group II (Dosage of 56 mg/kg). there wasn’t any meaningful alternation in the measurments of thess axises in comparison with the Tissue of heart of each dosage in comparison with control group.

Hottentots fig (Carpobrotus edulis) from Aizoaceae family form a dense carpet and make an effective ground cover and grows in sites directly exposed to salt spray and storm waves. This plant with succulent leaves and large beauty purple flowers is used in maritime areas to prevent soil erosion in sandy and salinity soils. The purpose of this study was to assess morphological and physiological responses of Hottentots fig (C. edulis) to water salinity in liquid and soil culture. For first time in the world, we studied salt tolerance of Hottentots fig (C. edulis) in liquid and soil culture. In this research, shoots of Hottentots fig are cultured in liquid basal MS medium accompanies 0-28 gram/liter salt (NaCl). After 60 days, results of salt effects were studied on morphology and biochemistry of sea fig were included root formation, shoot growth, water content, dry weight, mineral and organic materials, sodium and chlorophyll content, and total protein. Salt tolerance, root formation and shoot growth of sea fig have continued to 12g/l of salt. The salt increasing was root formation stimulant (4gr/l). Sodium storage capacity was increasing with salt creasing but it was balance with another minerals matter. All different materials content of Hottentots fig are changing with salt changes but in higher salt concentrations depended to Hottentots fig salt tolerance mechanisms. In soil culture, salt tolerance of Hottentots fig plants increased to 50gr/l NaCl.

There are some risk factors in diabetes as a multifactorial disease. Among these factors, the finger print as a family background has a very important role especially in diabetes mellitus type I. In this research, we studied on 124 patients with diabetic mellitus type I and 120 healthy controls from Arak, Kashan and Qom hospitals. Then we obtained the sample of fingers from all of cases addition of the signed consent forms. After doing examination and finding the related parameters of finger print, statistical tests have done by SPSS. The results showed that there is a significant difference in right hand fingers between patients and normal group (P<0.05). Also t-test exam (α<%5) showed that there is a significant differences in Total Ridge Count in small finger of left hand in men with diabetes I versus healthy men(p=0.012) as well as the Total Ridge count in patients rather than healthy group (p=0.002). The results shows that Diabetes Mellitus type I is the most effective factor in this difference.

Microbial cellulose (MC), which is produced by some Acetobacter strains, is identical to plant cellulose with respect to molecular structure, but it has an ultrafine nanofiber network structure and good biocompatibility. These properties have made MC a potentially important industrial and biomedical raw material for applications such as products for artificial skin and tissue replacement. Aim of this study was isolation of cellulose producer Acetobateria. Samples of some vegetables and fruits were prepared and cultured in SH-agar. Then isolated A.xylinus was confirmed by biochemical tests and cellulose producer Acetobacteria was studied in SH broth. SDS 5% and NaOH 8% were used for treatment of cellulose and then dehydrated and samples of cellulose before and after treatment coated with gold particles for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. In this study one strain of A.xylinus was isolated and this strain was able to production of cellulose after 6 day of incubation. Also chemical treatment was showed that cellulose impurities were removed. SEM images of cellulose after treatment was more reticulated that before treatment. These results were showed that isolated strain of A.xylinus could be a potential strain for microbial cellulose production.

Following axon damage, process chromatolysis occurs that often has said axonal reaction. Salvia has various Medical effects, this plant has useful effects on digestive system, cardial and vessels system and nervous system.Effects anti-oxidant, anti-inflammination, anti-apoptosis this plant has proven. The aim of this study is to examine neuroprotective effects of aquatic and ethanolic extracts of salvia leaves on motoneurons degeneration of spinal cord after the compression of sciatic never in rats. Forty eight male rats were used in 4 groups of control, compression, care A (aquatic extract of leaf in 3 doses of 25 mg/kg ,50 mg/kg,75mg/kg) and careB (ethanolic extract of leaf in the dose of 25,50,75 mg/kg ), whose right sciatic nerves were highly compressed for 30 s, assigned to experimental all groups (n=6). After the compression of Sciatic nerve, Care groups received one injection per week. After 4 weeks rats were anesthetized and after perfusion, the spinal cord was sampled, then the 7Mm sections were coloured with tolidin blue and the numerical density of alpha motoneurons was calculated by steriology method. Comparison in compression and treatments groups (aquatic extracts of leaves doses50 and75 mg/kg) and (ethanolic extracts of leaves dose 50 mg/kg) has significant difference between the density of neurons (P<0/05). Result show that aquatic extract of leaves doses50 and75 mg/kg and ethanolic extract of leaves dose 50 mg/kg has neuroprotective effects.

Neuroglial cells act as supportive tissue in neural system. There are extensive evidences that show axonal processes of the nervous system (peripheral and/or central) may be degenerated after nerve injuries. The neuroglial response likely is originated by axotomized neuron and its absence may be an innate defect in the reaction of intrinsic neurons to axonic severance. In this research, the effects of Curcuma longa alcohlic exteract on neuroglia cell degeneration after sciatic nerve compression in diabetic rats was investigated.In this experimental laboratorial research , 30 male Wistar rats divided in 5 groups (control , compression , diabetes compression, diabetes compression+injection alcoholic extract of curcuma longa with does 25 mg/kg and diabetes compression+injection of alcholic extract of curcuma longa with does 50 mg/kg) extraction perform with Soxhlet apparatus. For inducing diabetes, animal were injected a single dose STZ 55mg/kg intraperitonealy. After one month control of diabetes, some samples with blood sugar over the 200 mg/dl selected as experimental subject and then to make compression, the animal was swooned by 6mg/kg rampon and 60 mg/kg, ketamin and then sciatic nerve compressed by second lock of lock scissors was forced for 30S. In extract care groups, extract of the plant was injected by internal peritoneum method in 3 turns during 28 days, then by performing the perfusion method and after fixation and during processes of passage of tissue , the serial sections 7 micron were colored with toluidin blue and eritrozin and it was calculated by method of dissector of spinal neuroglia and then was analysed by statistical tests ANOVA and also by t-test of different group information.The data analysis shows a meaningful decrease in number of neuroglia cells anterior horn from compression group in compare with control group and also indicates the meaningful decrease of neuroglia cells in diabetes compression group to compression group. The comparison of neuroglia density from two care groups with does 25mg/kg and 50 mg/kg with diabetes compression groups also shows the increase among groups with injection of extract to diabetes compression group. Internal peritoneum injection of curcuma longa extract can be useful to decrease of degeneration rate of neuroglias in anterior horn.possibebly this extract has protective effect on neuroglias that related to antioxidant effect of this extract.

Two indigenous white rot fungi Trametes hirsuta and Trametes gibbosa were screened for decolorization of two azo dyes, congo red and orange G. The screening experiment was run for 11 days with 15, 25, 50, and 75 ppm dye solutions prepared in Malt extract nutrient medium in triplicate (30 ml flasks). Every 72 h samples were read on their respective wavelengths (λmax) to determine the percent decolorization. It was found that both fungi could effectively decolorized both azo dyes at varying incubation times but best results were shown on congo red (97.7%) at a concentration of 50 ppm and orange G (97.8%) at a concentration of 75 ppm after 11 days by Trametes gibbosa. Trametes hirsuta also showed good decolorization potential on congo red (94.6%) in concentration 75 ppm and orange G (94.8%) in concentration 50 ppm.

Dermatic infections are one of the medical problems and some of bacteria are the pathogenic agent of these infections that have received a considerable attention. On the other hand, the treatment of this infections with antibiotic has unwanted reactions such as drug resistant. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the antibacterial effects of Cydonia oblonga fruit and seed on some dermatic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureuse and Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro. In this experimental study, ethanolic, acetonic and aquatic extracts of Quince fruit and seed was examind for antimicrobial activity on above bacteria. By using the well diffusion agar method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of extracts were determined by macrodilution method. Ethanolic extract of Quince seed was the effective extract in this study. Also, this study show that Quince seeds have more antibacterial effect in comparison with Quince fruit. The aquatic extracts don’t show antibacterial effect.

In this work, the brown alga (Fucus serratus) used as a low cost sorbent has been studied for the biosorption of zinc (II) ions in batch reactors. Firstly, the characterization of the surface functional groups was studied. The equilibrium time was about 300 min and the adsorption equilibrium data were well described by the Langmur`s equation. The maximum capacity has been extrapolated to 0.71 mmol.g-1., The efficiency of this biosorbent in natural tap water for the removal of zinc Zn (II) was also investigated. These results indicate that the Fucus serratus is an excellent candidate for use in reactor to remove lead Zn (II) ions from polluted aqueous effluents.

This study was carried out to evaluate the fatty acid composition of cultured grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella fillets treated by dipping in sodium acetate (0,1 and 3%), nisin (0,0.1 and 0.2%) or their combination during refrigerated storage for 16 days. Result indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by increasing the sodium acetate doses and instead saturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio decreased. The ratio of UFA/SFA and also C22:6/C16:0 increased when a higher concentration of sodium acetate has been used. The best result obtained by using 3% of sodium acetate but no such relation with nisin was observed.

Salvia leriifolia (Lamiaceae) is an endemic plant of Khorasan and Semnan province with medicinal, antioxidant and nutritional properties. Drought stress affects on plant growth and development. To study changes in proline content of S.leriifolia affected by drought and also identification of suitable environment for drought experiments two separate experimental (completely randomized design) was carried out in soil and in vitro medium. MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium was used for in vitro culture. Experiment was carried out in five different levels of water potential including 0, -2, -4, -6 and -8 bar with 4 replicates. Pressure plates were used in the soil experiment and PEG (Polyethylene glycol) was used in the in vitro medium. Proline in the leaves was measured after the plants reached four leaf stage. The results showed that with increasing drought stress, proline accumulation in leaves was increased. This increase in the soil experiment was more than the in vitro one. It can be concluded that proline accumulation is a good measure plant responses to drought stress. Results of experiments conducted in in vitro are more accurate because it is easier to control the environmental conditions. It is also of less experimental cost and more space saving criteria.