JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2018 | Volume:11 | Issue:3 (42) |Papers Count:8

Inroduction & Objective: Artificial insemination in sheep is an effective way to improve genetic andreproductive management. One of the vital stages of artificial insemination is the protection of ramsperm during storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of different levels of trehalose sugarand different storage times in Tris-chicken egg yolk and Tris-turkey egg yolk extenders on Dalagh ramsemen characteristics in liquid condition. Materials and Methods: In this study, for semen sample collection four Dalagh rams in the age of 2-3 years were used. The samples were diluted in different extenders, then received different trehalosesugar treatments. Semen samples were aspirated into 0. 5 ml straws, and were transferred into therefrigerator (5° C). Then at different times, spermatozoa characteristics including percentage of motileand viable sperm and membrane and sperm normality were evaluated. This experiment was carried outin 4×3 factorial arrangement with the use of completely randomized design. Treatments were includeddifferent levels of trehalose sugar (0, 80, 100, 120 mM) and different storage times (0, 24 and 48 hours). The data were processed in Excel spread sheet environment and was analyzed by ANOVA procedure ofStatistical Analysis System SAS (version 9. 1). Comparison of data means were performed by Turkey testat the level of %1 error. Results: The results showed effects different levels of trehalose sugar and different storage times inTris-chicken egg yolk and turkey egg yolk extenders on the sperm characteristics were significant(P<0. 01). Interaction of sugar levels and times on the percentage of sperm motility and membraneintegrity was significant (P<0. 01). The highest sperm motility (86. 00± 3. 45%) and viability (94. 40± 2. 74%)and sperm normality (88. 00± 2. 69%) were obtained in Tris-turkey egg yolk extender containing 120 mMtrehalose sugar and at 0 hours. The highest sperm membrane integrity (72. 40± 2. 66%) was obtained inTris-turkey egg yolk extender containing 0 mM trehalose sugar and at 0 hours. Conclusion: For Dalagh ram semen dilution, the use 120 Mm of sugar trehalose in Tris-turkey eggyolk extender at the early hours of storage in liquid condition is effective.

Inroduction & Objective: The licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L. ) is a perennial herb of the Mediterranean. The root of the plant is used as a food sweetener. The root extract of the plant contains glucose, sucrose, asparagine, albuminous materials, flavonoids, antioxidants and resins, which are used to treat various typesof diseases including kidney damage, arthritis, inflammation of the large intestine, gastric and duodenalulcer and cancer has been used. Glucocorticoid and non-steroidal drugs are commonly used to relieveinflammation, but these drugs have a lot of side effects, so the use of medicinal herbs to reduce inflammationis of interest to everyone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of licoriceethanolic extract root on NMRI adult male mice by using xylene and carrageenan tests. Material and Method: Mice were divided randomly into different groups (n = 6 per group). The animaladministrated with saline, licorice extract (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Dexamethasone (10mg/kg) was used as positive controls. Results: The results of this study showed that the licorice ethanolic extract significantly reduced the earedema induced by xylene. In addition, licorice ethanolic extract significantly reduced the foot edema inducedby carrageenan. Conclusion: Therefore, our studies support the use of licorice extract against inflammation caused byvarious disorders, although further research is needed to clarify the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effectof the extract of the plant.

Inroduction & Objective: At this time, Acipen serbaerii reared in fiber glass tanks to batten period inIran, while we don’ t have any study about stocking density optimum beforebatten period for Acipenserbaerii. aim of this study determined to survey effect of Stocking density on growth factors and stresshormones of fingerling and juvenile Acipenserbaerii reared in fiberglass tanks. Material and Methods: In first and second study 700, 1000 and 1300 individuals with average weight of2. 93± 0. 083 gr were released to 9 fiber glass tank with stocking density of 0. 5, 0. 75 and 1 kg/m2and 350, 500and 750 individuals with average weight of 9. 31± 0. 18 gr with initial stocking density 0. 8, 1. 3 and 1. 9kg/m2were released in same tanks with three replicates. Fish fed in 3 feeding time to 5and 4 percent of bodyweight (BW) daily, respectively. In the end of feeding period, we received blood sample by syringe andmeasured cortisol hormone by Radioimmunoassay, while cholesterol and Glucose was measured bySpectrophotometryResults: In first study (3gr), increasing of stocking density had significant decreasing on growthparameters, increasing of feed efficiency ratio and stress hormones, but in second phase increasing ofstocking density don’ t afford significant increase for stress hormones but growth parameters significantlydecreased in fish reared in highest stocking density (1. 9 kg/m3). Conclusion: Result of this study indicated that Acipenserbaerii(3-9gr) have a sensitive to increasing ofstocking density, but when fish reach to9 gr have higher tolerance against density and therefore possibilityrearing of fish in high density were accessible.

Inroduction & Objective: Diabetes is known as an inflammatory disease associated with metabolicdisturbances. Tumor necrosis factor-Alpha is one of the main inflammatory cytokines and plays a centralrole in host defense, inflammation and immune function. The use of various medicinal herbs, includingginger, has been used to reduce the complications of inflammation from the past. In this study, the effects ofvarious concentrations of ginger hydro-alcoholic extract on TNF-α gene expression in bone marrow derivedmesenchymal stem cells were investigated. Material and Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were studied in control group and six groups oftreatment with ginger hydro-alcoholic extract at concentrations of 100 and 50 μ g / ml at 2, 16 and 24 hours. mRNA of cells were extracted and after cDNA synthesis, TNF-α gene expression was investigated using qReal Time PCR. Using the expression level, the results were evaluated by t-test. Results: Samples treated with ginger extract at a concentration of 100 and 50 μ g / ml for 24 and 16 hoursshowed a significant decrease for TNF-α gene (p <0. 05) and there were no significant increase in othergroups. Conclusion: According to the results, this decrease in the expression of TNF-α indicates the long-termeffect of this extract compared to its short-term effect of 2 hour. Therefore, the effect of ginger on theexpression of TNF-α inflammatory gene is dependent on treatment concentration and time.

Inroduction & Objective: Due to the increased bacterial resistance to common antibiotics, there istendency towards using herbal extracts in order to increase the non-specific immune system. The aim ofpresent study was to investigate the effect of hydroalkohalic extract of Ferula assafoetida on expression ofgenes related to immune (IL-1β and TNF-alpha) in Zebrafish. Material and Methods: For this purpose zebrafish with average weight of 0. 3± 0. 1 gr, were fed dietssupplemented with 3 different levels of Ferula extract (0. 5, 1 and 2%) and one control group for 8 weeks. Atthe end of feeding trial, RNA extracted from intestine, cDNA syntesised and Real-time PCR were done usingIL-1β and TNF-alpha primers. Results: Results showed the increase in expression of both genes in fish fed 2% Ferula, which wassignificant with other group (0. 5% and 1%) in TNF-alpha (P<0. 05). IL-1β gene expression didn’ t showsignificant difference (P>0. 05) among fish fed ferula extracts, though the highest gene expression was seen in2% Ferula. Conclusion: According to results, it seems that using Ferula assafoetida hydroalkohalic extract couldimprove Zebrafish immune with increase of relative gene expression of inflammatory cytokine.

Inroduction & Objective: One of the most important complications of utilization of anti epilepcy drugs inpregnancy is increase of fetal abnormality. There are not enough information about teratogenic effects oftopiramateon pregnancy on the fetal organogenesis. Hence‚ this study was designed to determine the macroscopicabnormalities created by topiramate during organogenesis of mousefetus. Material and Method: In this study forty white small experimental mice (NMRI type) were divided in tothree experimental groups (Ι ، Π ‚ III) and one control group. Three experimental groups received respectively50, 100 and 200 ml/kg/day of topiramateand the control group received normal saline with 0. 2 cc volume from theday 6 (GD6) to day 14 (GD14) of pregnancy intraperitoneally (ip). The mice on the eighteen day of pregnancy weresacrifieed and fetus were studied after determination of the mean wight and crown-rump legth‚ were examinedmacroscopically. data were analyzed by using SPSSstatistical software and ANOVA and LSDtests. Results: : In average weight in experimental group Ш compared with the control groups was seen asignificantly reduction (P 0. 05). In the experimental groupsof Π and Ш the average crown-rump legth of fetuswas significantly reduced compared with the control group(P 0. 05). A significant increase Was seenin theincidence of hemorrhage and fetal resorption in the experimental group of Ι ‚ Π and Ш compared with thecontrol(P 0. 05). In three experimental groupsthe number of fetus was significantly reduced compared with thecontrol group(P 0. 05). Conclusion: The utilization of topiramatein mouse during organogenesis stages is caused weight, crownrumpandnumber of fetusesreducation; too is caused fetal absorption andhemorrhage.

Inroduction & Objective: The sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) has several immense characters suchas: it can tolarate wide range of temperature, salinity and DO in aquaculture. In addition to, it has severalcommercial importance in food industry, pharmaceutial as it can cure many diseases. The aim of this studywas to determine the optimum level of protein on growth performance and body biochemical composition ofjuvenile Holothuria Scabra in order to introduce stronger scabra for enhancing stock in releasing them intothe sea and also for farming in aquaculture. Materials and Methods: After transferring juvenile sea cucumber to 5000 liter tank in experimentallocation, they were fed with shrimp starter food for environment adaption. The physico – chemicalparameters such as temperature, salinity, Do and PH were recorded twice daily (morning andafternoon). Four practical diets containing 10, 15, 20 and 25 percent protein in triplicate was designed. Onehundred and forty-four yong scabra with initial average weight of 6± 0. 48 g were randomly distributedbetween 12 tanks of 300 l. They were fed daily three times (7 a. m, 12, 6 p. m) at satiation. Results: The results obtained indicated that with increasing protein level up to 25% level, BWI, FER, PER and survival rate were improwed and was showed significant with other treatments (P<0. 05). Theminimum BWI, FER, PER and survival was observed in treatment 4 with 10% protein level. Amount ofprotein and lipid of muscle was increased in 15, 20, and 25 percent protein level i. e. muscle nutrients wereimproved with decreasing of moisture. Conclusion: The study showed that the diet containing 25% protein level is suitable for growth andsurvival of sea cucumber.

Inroduction & Objective: Sardines and other Microfilidae have very important ecological role inmarine ecosystems because they are first consumers in marine food chain Therefore there is a disturbancein the food chain in the marine environment and possibly a decrease in the population of fishes such as tuna. There are 10 species of Clupeidae in the Gulf and the Sea of Oman, among which genus Sardinella isdominant. Considering the significant climatic differences between the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, thepresent study was conducted to investigate the possible morphological variation and to create subpopulationsin the distribution area of rainbow sardine species. . Material and Method: During winter 90 and spring 91, 64 rainbow sardines were collected from Jask(Oman Sea) and Lengh (Persian Gulf) ports. Morphological traits were measured and recorded with 0. 01mm precision and digital scale with accuracy of 0. 001 g. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis ofMANOVA, PCA main variables test and standard separation test using SPSS software. Results: Morphological analysis and variance analysis showed a significant cline at the level of P <0. 05 inall traits between the two regions. Based on the post hoc test and the main components all traits variation issignificant. On the other hand, Claster analysis and a standard trick test based on morphological traitsseparate two regions from each other. Conclussion: The observed diversity in morphological traits of this species can be due from salinity andheat stress in the Persian Gulf and the higher availability of nutrients and moderate temperature of thewater as a result of the upwelling of the summer Monson in the sea Oman affects. This conclusion isconsistent with other studies on other large fish in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. Also, the ability ofthis species to live in coastal areas and estuaries can reduce the possibility of mixing different populations ofthis species. The results can be illustrated by the fact that this species has sub-populations in its widespreaddistribution that can form sub-species in the distribution area of this species.