JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

Examples of food products are organic acids that are used as additives in food industries and as reactants in many other industries. Fermentation processes play key role on production of most organic acids, so that all acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced by various microbes with high efficiency. Furthermore, the acids that indirectly are derived from Krebs cycle (e.g., itaconic acid) can be produced by microorganism. In this study, fermentation process of citric acid production by date wastes has been investigated in two sections. First section includes date essence that because of containing compositions such as glucose materials, azotes’ materials and other materials seems to be appropriate medium for citric fermentation. Second section includes wastes of date essence that are obtained after filtering the essence and usually are not used or finitely are used as animal foods after drying. Because the mentioned wastes have a great amount of glucose (around 35%), thus were used to product acid citric in the way of solid bed.

Mycorrhiza fungi (vesicular-arbuscular) or (VAM) make symbiotic association with crops and therefore are, enhances nutrient availability and uptake. The effects of different mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with sorghum genotypes in 2006-2007 agriculture years were studied. This experiment was based of factorial experiment in the context of completely randomize design with two factors in four replication in field condition. The first factor was in 3 levels, including (KGS 25, KGS 29 and local race). The second factor was mycorrhiza in 3 levels including without mycorrhiza (M0) and various species Glomus etanicatum (M1) and G. mosseae (M2). The results showed that there are significant differences between cultivar of sorghum and using mycorrhiza on plant height, number of seed in spike, biomass, root colonization also the result indicates that in order augmentation of plant growth and crop yield it is necessary to choose the most effective fungus species. But .G. etunicatum species were best mycorrhiza strains among other administered ones.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections in Iran and the entire world. This organism is also the most common bacteria isolated from burn patients. Carbapenem are the best therapeutic choices for treatment of this organism. Among all these organisms metallo-b-lactamase-producing is becoming a severe therapeutic problem. This study was conducted to determine the drug susceptibility and detection of blaVIM and blaIMP metallo beta lactamase genes in P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds of patients. The antimicrobial activities of 10 common antimicrobial agents including carbapenem were tested against 186 clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated by using a disk diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Imipenem was determined. All imipenem-resistant isolates were screened for metallo-b-lactamase production by Imipenem-EDTA disk method and were subsequently screened by PCR to detect blaVIM & blaIMP genes. 115 (61.8%) of the isolates were resistant to imipenem have found. Of 115 imipenem-nonsusceptible isolates detected, 23 (20%) appeared to produce metallo-b-lactamase. Using PCR method, these isolates were positive for blaVIM genes, whereas none were positive for blaIMP genes. MBL-mediated imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a cause of concern in the therapy of patients. This result suggests that surveillance programs should be applied to avoid the spread of these worrisome resistance genes.

In this study the fungus infection of bedridden patients in the burn ward of Kerman's Shafa hospital evaluated. The evaluated patients that were confined to bed contained 45 men (56.25%) and 35 women (43.75%) how their age was between 1 to 70 years old and they had burn of second and third degree as the cause of their burn was different. The burn percent of the patients was as fallow: 10-19% (5 patients), 20-29% (13 patients), 30-39% (9 patients), 40-49% (20 patients), 50-59% (8 patients), 60-69% (14 patients), 80-89% (3 patients), and 90-99% (5 patients). Among 80 patients who burned 27 patients were infected by fungus that 20 patients had closed dressing (74.07%) and 7 patients did not have it (25.93%). The results collected by test on the patient's samples of burned limbs. The type of detached fungi were reported as follow: Penicillum 7 patients (25.9%), Aspergillous fumigatus 11 patients (40.8%), Aspergillous niger 6 patients (22.2%), Candida albicans 3 patients (11.1%) and the most patients were infected by Aspergillous fumigatus and the rang of their age was between 20-29 year.

Azospirillum is a gram negative plump and straight rods bacterium. 4 Tehran forest parks were selected: (Chitgar, Sohanak, Sorkhehhesart, and Toska) in order to Azospirillum isolation. Two samples are provided from each park, one of them from forested zones and the other from non forested Zone. NFb (Nitrogen Free malat) semisolid medium and RC (Rodriquez Caceres) used for culturing. The biochemical tests used for separation species. Azospirillum species were isolated in these soils. Our researches showed three species  A.brasilense, A. lipoferum and A. irakense. Microbial population is determined by MPN (Most Probably Number) method. In average, the amount of population in forested zones is 4.3×105 and in non forested zones is 1.43×105 (bacterial cell in each grams of soil (CFU/g)) by solid NFb medium. In average, the population in forested zones is 1.91×105 and in non forested zones is 0.77×105 by solid RC medium. In average, the population in planet forested zones and in non forested zones were 0.95×103 and 0.27×103 by semisolid NFb medium. Then the Nitrogen fixation ability of acquired samples was studied. In this way, by use of Rennin Media and Gas Chromatography and by transformation Acetylene to Etilen the Nitrogenase of sample were determined. Acetylene reduction in A. lipoferum was highest in comparison with other species and was 86.27 nmol/24hTube and A. irakense was least in comparison with other species and was 23.92 nmol/24hTube and A. brasilense was 56.4 nmol/24hTube.

One of the best Technology for environmental protection and source of water, Reused of wastewater. In the poly acrylic Textile Wastewater contained acetic acid, Ritarder, Softner and etc. Our objective was to examine convenient methods for elimination of color and reduction of COD by pretreatment of influent through addition of calcium hypochlorite. Influent was collected in holding tank of 8m3 and was chlorinated by calcium hypochlorite of 65% with dosage of 1 gram per liter with retention time of 10 minute. The oxidized wastewater was conditioned by lime for neutralizing pH (mg/L) and in cases of free chlorine presence; thiosulfate was also added in range of 1 to 10 mg/L. The processed wastewater was injected with flow of 0.68 m3/hr in extended aeration tank for 12 hours. Application of calcium hypochlorite with dosage of 1 g/L and 10 minutes retention time resulted in reduction of color and COD 65 and 95 percent respectively. The quantity of COD after pretreatment with calcium hypochlorite in range of 3280 to 6650 mg/L was reduced to 119.5-128 mg/L. Conventional biological treatment dose not have capability for proper treatment of acrylic textile wastewater with high content of coloring dissolved chemical and COD. This method demonstrated a practical and economical treatment technique for such wastewater.

The proteins bind to specific nucleic acid sequences. So recognition of these sites is really important. We use of the measure of information of Shannon entropy for recognizing the binding sites to nucleic acid sequences and define a measure of the information r-sequence . It allows one to investigate how information is distributed across the sites. Also by using this measure, is shown that the information content in protein binding sites to nucleic acid sequence have a mount of above zero and in outside the binding sites drop to zero. One can also calculate the amount of information r-frequency that would be required to locate the sites. The two amount of information are similar for most of the sites we analyzed. But in some of the sites these sites have a more information than the required amount of information to recognition them that this extra amount of information is for binding the protein or other proteins to these sites. The comparisons between r-sequence and r-frequency suggest that the information at binding sites is just sufficient for the sites to be distinguished from the rest of genome.

Nowadays, propitiation of nutrient drinks with fruitful microorganisms or probiotics seems to be very important. This is because of preventive role of these types of bacteria and fungous against wide range of infections diseases. Since enrichment of any type of nutrient drinks with probiotics enrichment capability of non-alcoholic beer has been studied with for Species of lactobacilli named (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus plantarum). Sterile non – alcoholic beer was inoculated with 24h cultivation of Acid Lactic acid bacteria and incubated in 30C temperatures. pH changes and colony formation unit (CFU) were measured under a controlled condition. Acid Lactic cultivation decreased pH to 4.30 and CFU was increased from "10 2 CFU/ml“ to ”10 7 CFU/ml“, after 20 h fermentation. CFU of four Acid Lactic Bacteria were remained in sterile fermented: non-alcoholic beer between CFU/ml 106 to 107 after four weeks reserve in temperature 4oC and 25oC. In another method, we tried to eliminate basic incubation. In this case we beer with or without yeast. The result proved that in case where non alcoholic beer consisting yeast, existence and survival of four Acid lactic Bacteria in high and such survival is more desirable in can atmospheric temperature.