JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PATHOBIOLOGY
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria of fishes that cause bacterial septicemia. In this study 120 specimens of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 30-70 g in weight, were divided in to five different groups (two groups of 30 fishes as experimental groups which receievd formalin killed Aeromonas hydrophila intramuscularly and intraperitonealy to and two groups of 20 fishes as controls in which normal saline were injected intra-muscularly and intraperitonealy. One group (20 fishes) was not received any injection. Blood samples were collected from all fishes 2 weeks after injection and titer of anti-Aeromonas antibody determined by tube agglutination test and the protein serum of blood studied by jell electrophoresis method. Antibody titer in intramuscular injected group was significantly higher than in the normal saline injected group. Antibody titer in intra-peritoneal injected group was also significantly higher than the normal saline injected group (P< 0.01). The result showed that there was a significant difference (P< 0.01) between titer of bacterin received groups in comparison with the control groups , but there was not any significant difference (P <0.05) between titer of the intra-muscular and intra-peritoneal becterin received groups. The results showed that in the intraperitoneal injection of killed bacteria, a2-globulin, yl as well as the total globulin was significantley greater than the intra-muscular group. The other fractions had not showed any significat differences.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD) belongs to the genus of pestivirus and the family of Flaviviridae which contains three Eo(gp48), E(gp25), E2(gp53) envelope glycoprotein. For determination of genetic relationship of E2 gene of this virus in Iran with those in other countries firstly fragments 699bp corresponding to E2 gene from five BVD viral strains having been isolated from PT cattle in Iran was amplified in PCR system and was sequenced for determining nucleotide sequence and were compared with identified nucleotide sequence of this gene in other countries. A comparison made on E2 gene in Iran with that of other countries showed 0.6 to 29.9% variability in this gene, of which the greatest sequence similarity exists between sequences of E2 gene in Iran and Belgium (AJ7 15396) and the least relationship exists between sequences of this virus in Iran with Japan (AB038020).

Overall 90 Capoeta spp fish specimens including Capoeta aculeata, Capoeta damascina, and Capoeta capoeta gracilis caught from Kyar and Beheshtabad rivers during summer 2006 to summer 2007 were examined for any parasitic infestation. Fourteen parasite species comprising Ichthyophthirius multfuliis and Trichodina sp from Cilliophora, Myxobolus musayevi from Myxozoans, Dactylogyrus lenkorani, Dactylogyrus puicher, Dactylogyrus sp1, Dactylogyrus sp2, Gyrodactylus sp from monogenean parasites, Allocreadium isoporum, A.pseudaspii and A. laymani from Digenean parasites, Bothriocephalus gowkongensis cestode, Rhabdochona sp Nematode and Lamproglena chinensis from Crustacean parasites collected from different organs of fishes and were identified on the base of morphologic, morphometric and morphomeristic characteristics of the parasites. As far as we can conclude from literature Lamproglena chinensis found to be a new parasite in freshwater fishes in Iran.

To determined the effect of different dosage of Soy extract (0,2,4,6%)on increasment of grow thing of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bfldobacterium bfIdum in probiotic milk and yoghurt, in first stage, 0.33 g of lyophilized bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus was added to 1 liter of low fat UHT milk and was envisaged as control dosage. In 3 left samples 2, 4, 6% from Soy extract were added. Four dishes were incubated at 38°C to reach the acidity of 40 degree Domic. Stage2, It was the stage of Lactobacillus acidophilus yoghurt production. Fifteen g of product milk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (0 % Soy extract) of stage one was added and 15 g low fat yoghurt and plus the different dosage of Soy extract were added to I litter low fat UHT milk and were incubated at 38 °C to reach acidity of 90 degree Dornic. They were put in refrigerator The stage of BijIdobacterium bijIdum milk production and was same as first stage and stage of Bfldobacterium bjfldum yoghurt production and was same as stage two The shelf life of produced production was evaluated in 1, 5, 10, 19 days. Using of control passage in every four stages was very satisfactory. With increasment of Soy extract, the increasment of bacteria grow thing was distinguished.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aflatoxin level in diet and milk with regard to reproductive problems in dairy cattle. To determine the level of aflatoxin B 1, B2, GI and G2 in the feedstuff and Ml in the milk, samples from two different dairy farms (A & B) were collected and determination of aflatoxin level was performed by HPLC. Ultrasonographic and clinical examination were performed to diagnose cystic ovarian and reproduction problems during 50-100 days postpartum. The results showed that aflatoxin concentration of the feed from herds A and B were 19.5 and 82.23 ppb, respectively. Aflatoxin levels in the milk samples were higher from herd B, considering the accepted safe level of aflatoxin in the feedstuff and the milk is 20 and 0.5 ppb, respectively. It appeared that the herd designated as A but not the herd B has high concentration of aflatoxin. Cottonseed proved to be the major cause for the high aflatoxin levels in the herd B. However, there was a statistically relationship between aflatoxin B!, B2, GI and G2 levels of the feedstuff and Ml in the milk. It appeared that the increase in the level of aflatoxin concentration of the feedstuff was responsible for the increase of aflatoxin Ml in milk samples. Also, level of aflatoxin in diet causes reproduction problems such as retain placenta. Aflatoxins exist in feed and milk have related to the reproduction problems but wasn’t significant. However, cystic ovararian condition was not related to Aflatoxins in these two farms.

In view of the importance of venereal transmission of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and bovine leptospirosis, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay was developed to detect bovine herpesvirus type I (BHV- I) and leptospira spp. Semen samples were obtained from inbreeding center of Karaj, iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from specimens by DNA extraction kit, and then PCR amplification was performed with specific primers of BHV- 1 and leptospira sp in single tube. In bovine semen, %62.5 of samples collected was infected with BHV- 1 and the rate of infection of Leptospira spp was %37.5. The present results show that mPCR is a method of great potential for the detection of Bovine herpes virus type-i and Leptospira spp. at bovine inbreeding centers.

The present study was designed to determine the macroanatomical characteristics of pancreas in duck and turkey. These characteristics contained detection of the shape of gland, the weight and length of whole gland and its different parts and the ratio of them to total body weight. This study was conducted on 12 pairs of birds of both sexes, age ranging from 26-30 weeks. The brides were weighed and then euthanized. Abdominal cavity was opened and photography of gland was carried out. The glands and their different parts were also weighed and measured. The results revealed that the weight of pancreas and its lobes had a positive relation with the body weight in all birds. The weight of pancreas and its lobes in turkey was higher than duck. The average weight of pancreas in turkey was 5.39 but in duck is 2.58 grams. In turkey, ventral lobe has determinant role in weight of pancreas and in duck was dorsal lobe. The weight’s ratio of pancreas to body’s weight in turkey has determined 0.23 but in duck was 0.18 percent. The longest pancreas and its lobes were found in turkey. The pancreas and it’s lobes in male birds was longer than female.

Nowadays with the development of molecular genetic techniques, animal identification and parentage testing is possible using a lot of molecular markers. Microsatellites are simple sequences of DNA consisting of short tandem repeats and according to the size have a high polymorphism, and for this reason, they are used as tools for recognizing the identity and also in the study of species, but by now, any special function have not been known for them in genome level. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of three microsatellite markers OarAE64, OarFCB3O4 and MAF64 in the genome of Lori-Bakhtiari strain sheep and to determine polymorphism in this species. Blood samples collected from 57 Lori-Bakhtiari strain sheep and DNA was extracted by modify salting out procedure. The polymerase chain reaction was used for amplification of these markers with the specific primers and The PCR products were resolved on a non-denaturing 10% polyacrylamide gel by electrophoresis. For OarFCB3O4 marker, four different sizes were seen at the ranges of 130-170 bp. Also, for two markers including OarAE64 and MAF64, 120-150 bp and 130-150 bp DNA fragments, were obtained, respectively. Since that those markers in all of the studying sheep, have various kinds of DNA fragments. Consequently it seems that these three markers can be used as an applicable marker for identifying Lori-l3akhtiari sheep.