Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Year:2019 | Volume:32 | Issue:2 (123) |Papers Count:13

Burkholderia mallei is a causative agent of glanders, a zoonotic disease and one of the most dangerous and oldest contagious diseases in equidae. Iran has still been recognized as the major center for glanders. The present study was conducted to isolate B. mallei from blood specimen of an infected horse with glanders reported from Oshnavieh-West Azerbaijan in the past decade and molecular identification based on specific genes BimA, IS407-flip, and 23S rRNA. The blood sample of infected horse were cultured in biphasic medium containing nutrient broth and nutrient agar supplemented with glycerin and antibiotic. The bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests. The isolate was inoculated to male guinea pig intraperitoneally as a sensitive host for pathobiological studies. B. mallei isolate was verified by PCR and sequencing of BimA, IS407-flip, and 23S rRNA genes. B. mallei was isolated from blood sample of infected horse. The major sign of testicular swelling was seen in the male guinea pig after about 72 h IP inoculation with B. mallei and testicular colonization. The PCR amplification of BimA, IS407-flip, and 23S rRNA genes of B. mallei resulted in expected sizes of 989 bp, 250 bp, and 526 bp, respectively. Burkholderia pseudomallei and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as negative control. The report of glanders is alarming for healthcare organizations and need to monitor carefully. Due to the complication of diagnosis of glanders infectious agent, the identification of B. mallei using BimA, IS407-flip, and 23S rRNA is according to the diagnostic standards of World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE).

Coccidiosis is well known parasitic disease for the poultry industry worldwide. The disease causes a lot of economic losses by causing poor growth, feed efficiency and high mortality in the industry. Therefore, taking measures to prevent, diagnose, treat and control it become very important in farm management. The aim of this study is to qualitatively assess the Salinomycin efficacy against oocyte excretion in pullets by litter monitoring. To this end the litter samples were collected weekly during the growth period. Litter’ s OPG was measured by McMaster and Eimeria species diagnosed using ocular micrometer and stage micrometer. Species identification carried out by morphometric indices of 154 oocysts. Basen on which four species of the Eimeria were identified, including Eiemeria acervulina, Eiemeria tenella, Eiemeria maxima and Eiemeria necatrix. E. maxima has the highest frequency and E. tenella had the lowest. According to this study Salinomycin prescription leads to the decrease in oocyst excretion and reduce the sporulation rate during pullets’ growth and Eimeria tenella oocysts showed the highest decrease following Salinomycin treatment. In this study, for the first time, salinomycin efficacy on the oocyst excretion was studied.

Prolactin gene plays a key role in the initiation and continuation of broodiness in chickens. Dopamine in the pituitary gland reduces the effect of prolactin. This research was conducted to investigate the allelic polymorphism of dopamine D1 receptor gene (DRD1) using PCR-RFLP method in Marandi and Mazandarani indigenous chickens. In this study, blood samples were collected randomly from 200 chickens and genomic DNA was extracted using salting out method. Amplification of the desired locus with 283 bp was performed using specific primers and the CfrI enzyme was used to identify the mutation in the desired locus. After digestion, for DRD1 marker site, three genotypes AA, AG and GG, and two alleles of A (with on band of 283 bp) and G (with two bands of 183 and 100 bp) were identified. Indigenous chicken masses were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For Marandi and Mazandarani indigenous chicken masses, the Shannon information index in DRD1 marker site was 0. 59 and 0. 67, respectively, the fixation index was-0. 09 and-0. 19, respectively and the observed heterozygosity index was 0. 44 and 0. 58, respectively. Regarding the presence of polymorphism and mutation in the studied locus and by studying the traits of related to the observed genotypes, it is suggested that this locus can be used as an appropriate marker for breeding programs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spring and summer seasons, broiler breeder age and egg weight on hatchability traits and chick quality. For this purpose, 1796863 fertile eggs with hatchability from three broiler breeder flocks (Ross 308) were thoroughly inspected in hatchery from March to September 2016. After the incubation period, the hatched eggs of farms were recorded and the hatching chicks were graded and weighed. The age range of broiler breeder flocks in 9 groups and egg weight were classified into 5 groups. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with GLM (SAS 9. 1) and Duncan test. The effects of six-months period and spring and summer seasons were significant (p<0. 05) on average percentage of fertility, average percentage of hatchability of set eggs, average percentage of hatchability of fertility eggs and average percentage of non-salable chicks, so that in september and summer were observed the lowest frequency of these parameters. the effects of the six-months period on average percentage of egg weight, average percentage of chicken weight and average percentage of relative weight of chick were not significant, but these parameters were statistically significant in the two seasons of spring and summer. Average percentage of fertility, average percentage of hatchability of set eggs and hatchability of fertility eggs decreased significantly (p<0. 05) in step with increase in the flock age, whereas average percentage of egg weight, average percentage of chicken weight and average percentage of relative weight of chickens increased. Therefore, the lowest frequency of fertility, hatchability of set eggs and hatchability of fertility eggs were recorded in broiler chickens over the age of 60 weeks and eggs weighing more than 69 gr. The effect breeder flock age and fertile egg weight on the frequency of non-salable chicks were not significant. The results of this study showed that hatchability traits decrease and chick quality increase in summer as the breeder flock age and egg weight increases.

Hydatidosis has been recognized as one of the most important zoonotic diseases in different parts of the world, including Iran. Serological methods that can detect hydatidosis with high sensitivity and specificity are have high value. In this study, the antigen B fluid of hydatid cysts was isolated and Dot-Blot technique performed on serum samples from human and sheep with hydatid cysts and healthy samples to evaluate their accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. After completing all stages of the dot blot test on 200 samples, it was found that the accuracy of the test in human cases is equivalent to 96% and in sheep cases it is equivalent to 92%. The sensitivity of this test is 92% in human cases and 84% in sheep. The test specificity is also 100% in both cases calculated. The evaluation of all of these cases indicates that B antigens have a high value in the diagnosis in hydatidiosis, and the dot blot technique using this antigen can be valuable as a diagnostic method and also as a method initial screening should be used.

The present study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of different levels of herbal additives of milk thistle and nettle on performance indices, immune parameters and egg yolk cholesterol. A total of 90 laying hens were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, 6 replicates of 3 birds each in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments included control group and different amounts of milk thistle (0. 5 and 1. 5%) and nettle (0. 5 and 1. 5%). Results showed that adding of milk thistle (1. 5%) to laying hens ration improved egg mass and feed conversion ratio (P<0. 05). Using of milk thistle and nettle had not effect on shell quality. The highest yolk index was found out in the eggs from hens that were fed 1. 5% of milk thistle in contrast to hens fed the control treatment without milk thistle (P<0. 05). Egg yolk cholesterol amount was not affected by different levels of milk thistle and nettle powder. There were no significant differences in concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL in plasma. Using of milk thistle (1. 5%) fortified immune indices by decrease of heterophile percentage and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio (P<0. 05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the supplementation of laying hens diet with milk thistle (1. 5%) has positive effects on performance and immune system.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital anomalies in hatched broiler chickens of broiler breeder flocks at the end of the incubation period. For this purpose, hatched broilers from three broiler breeder flocks (Ross 308) were thoroughly inspected in hatchery from March to September 2016. After the incubation period, the hatched broilers of farms were recorded and the hatching chicks were graded for apparent complications and then recorded kinds of congenital anomalies. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with GLM (SAS 9. 1) and Duncan test. During a period of 6 months. Among the hatching chicks examined, 1740832 normal chicks (96. 88%) and 56031 chicks with congenital anomalies (3. 12%) were observed. Eighteen types of congenital abnormality were identified for abnormal chicks. Stargazing (30. 31%) and cross beak (27. 43%) were the the highest abnormality. whereas small eyes (0. 12%) and extra fingers (0. 08%) had the lowest abnormality. The effects of six-months period were significant (p<0. 05) on average percentage of congenital anomalies. so that, March with 4. 87% and September with 0. 47% had the highest and lowest frequency of abnormality, respectively. The results of this study showed that genetics and management factors were the most causes of congenital anomalies.

In this research, the effect of alfalfa replacement with sodium bentonite and corn silage on fattening performance, blood metabolites and carcass quality of goat kids in a completely randomized design with using of three treatments for 84 days were examined. The treatments were included control ration (without corn silage and sodium bentonite), ration contain corn silage and ration contain corn silage and sodium bentonite. The results showed that replacing alfalfa with corn silage and sodium bentonite had no significant effect on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Goat kids were fed with corn silage had the lowest amount of blood cholesterol (P<0. 05). The highest hot carcass weight was obtained in goat kids were fed with control group diet (P<0. 05). The lowest amount of abdominal fat was obtained in goat kids were fed with corn silage and sodium bentonite (P<0. 01). The lowest feed costs per kilogram weight gain were obtained by replacing alfalfa with corn silage and sodium bentonite (P<0. 01). Due to the lack of quality foragers because of frequent droughts and the necessity of using cheap food for the feeding of goat kids, adding of sodium bentonite (5%) to goat kids diet can be a good solution.

Polyphagous Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of sugarcane in Khuzestan province. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity effects of Hottentotta Saulcyi scorpion venom on S. nonagrioides using three methods; orally, microinjection and spraying through skin contact. After the venom collection and measuring the protein content of the venom, different venom doses were prepared. larvae were injected with five doses of venom (0. 15μ g, 0. 35μ g, 0. 5μ g, 0. 75μ g and 1μ g; fifteen larvae per each dose) and the mortality percentage were recorded during the experiment. Finally, lethal doses (LD50 and LD100) and toxicity unit (TU) were calculated using Probit analysis. According to the results, S. nonagrioides was affected by the toxicity of scorpion venom. LD50, LD100 and TU values for stem borer larvae at 24h was obtained 0. 96, 2. 23 μ g/mg and 104. 17 respectively. This study demonstrated that injection of H. Saulcyi venom immediately causes locomotive paralysis and then death in all larvae injected by high doses of scorpion venom (1μ g and 0. 75μ g) after 48h. The effect of orally and spraying through skin contact administration of different doses of scorpion venom in stem borer mortality were not statically significant. The results of this study indicated that the scorpion venom was effective in the injection method while larvae showed resistance to spraying and oral administration of the venom.

Heavy metals are non-degradable pollutants affecting living creatures of waters including fish. In this study, concentration of three heavy metals of mercury, copper and zinc in liver and muscle tissues of Caspian Sea carp and grown carp (in a farm around Urmia with a well water resource) were studied as marine and grown samples, respectively and the risk was estimated. In this research, 20 specimens of carp were prepared from this resource. The heavy metals were measured using an atomic absorption device equipped with a flame system. The results showed that the maximum means of heavy metals in carp related to zinc and copper in Caspian Sea carp were 78. 29 ± 7. 52 and 6. 24 ± 2. 46, respectively and in grown carp were 134. 31 ± 21. 51 and 28. 88 ± 7. 9 ppm dry weight, respectively. The content of toxic and unnecessary metal of mercury in grown and sea carp was 10. 48 ± 0. 13 and 0. 54± 0. 13 ppm dry weight, respectively. There was no significant difference between values of measured metal in both muscle and liver tissues (P>0. 05). There was no significant relationship between the content of heavy metals with biometric indices (age, length, weight) of carp in both places of sampling (P>0. 05). In addition, there was a significant relationship between carp sex and accumulation of zinc and mercury metals (P<0. 05), while there was no significant relationship between carp sex and copper concentration (P>0. 05). Comparison of these metals with the limit of global standards showed that the amount of mercury metal in grown carp was higher than all above mentioned standards.

Improving food quality among consumers of highis of high importance. This case in fish meat due to its quick spoilage is the more obvious. Therefore in this study in order to maintaine and improve the quality of fish meat, effect of three different phosphate compounds including sodium tripolyphosphate 2%, tetra sodium pyrophosphate 2% and mixture of them with ration 1: 1 on Aurigequula fasciata fillets (120 fillets) stored in refrigerator during 16 days (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 day) was investigated. Common zipper pouches were used for packing fish fillets and microbiological, physicochemical, colorimeter, texture and sensory characteristics were measured. Total bacterial count and psychrotriphic count in coated samples with phosphates was lower than control sample (p<0. 05). Total volatile bases, pH, thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid, water holding capacity and total sulfhydryl in control sample was lower than coated samples with phosphates (p<0. 05). The results of sensory characteristics were showed that treated fillets had high score compared to control samples. The results showed that Sodium tripolyphosphates was found to improve the microbiological count and delay the spoilage and extend the shelf life of Aurigequula fasciata at refrigerator.

Fish corruption is due to biological reactions such as microbial growth, lipid oxidation and the activity of fish autolysis enzymes, resulting in a shorter shelf life of fish and other marine products. In the present study, the effects of nanochitosan coating on the quality of fillets of Cynoglossus arel fish were measured during superchilling (-3° C). Thus, largescale tonsole fillets were coated at three groups including the following: nanochitosan (% w/v chitosan and 2% sodium tripolyphosphate, Nanochitosan), treated with 1% glacial acetic acid and distilled water as control sample. The control and coated sample were periodically evaluated for microbiological (total bacterial count (TVC)), physicochemical (total volatile nitrogen (TVBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and trimethylamine (TMA)) and sensory properties (flavor and odor) (the number of sapmles= 45). Results showed that the samples coated with nano-chitosan, had lower Total viable bacteria, volatile nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid, trimethylamine and sensory properties than the control group. In general, the results showed that fish coating with nano-chitosan solution could effectively preserve the optimum quality of the samples and increase their useful life compared to the control group during superchilling at-3° C.

Infectious bronchitis is an extremely contagious viral disease and causes the major health problems of the poultry industry in most countries of the world. The incidence of continuous genetic and antigenic changes in infectious bronchitis viruses challenges the bird's immune responses. Therefore, a vaccine to prevent the disease in young chickens may effective when formulated with circulating serotype. In case, live infectious bronchitis 793B/08IR was developed in Razi Institute at laboratory scale. The potency of the vaccine was evaluated in commercial broiler chickens in controlled conditions. Two hundred and fifty one-day-old Ross-308 chickens were divided into the four treatment groups and one control group (n=50). The two treatment groups were received 793B/08IR vaccine and other groups received an imported one via eye drop method. The booster was administrated three weeks post vaccinations. Blood samples were collected from chickens in each group before vaccination and at intervals of two-week. The potency of 793B/08IR vaccine was evaluated using ELISA and serum neutralization assays and compared with an imported vaccine. The neutralizing index data and increase in serum antibody titer in treatment chicken groups indicated that live infectious bronchitis 793B/08IR has proper potency against the disease.