Library and Information Science Research
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:1 (17) |Papers Count:23

Introduction: The curriculum and the quality of its contents are directly related to the skills and abilities of graduates. The purpose of this study is to analyze the curriculum of knowledge and information science discipline at different educational levels from a cognitive and knowledge perspective. In this research, the status of these lessons was studied based on Bloom's revised taxonomy and on two aspects of the status of the dimensions of knowledge (factual, conceptual, procedural and metacognitive) and the status of cognitive skills (remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate and create). Methodology: This study is an applied research with a qualitative approach, using content analysis method (qualitative and quantitative). The research population was the latest edition of the curriculum for knowledge and information science, which was studied in three B. A., M. A. and Ph. D. educational degrees. The study tool was a check list based on the Bloom revised taxonomy released by Anderson & Krathwohl (2001). MAXQDA 2018 was used for data analysis and the reliability test by using codifier agreement was 95. 5%. Findings: Findings showed that cognitive skills in B. A. and M. A. curricula paid more attention to lower level skills, but the suitability and priority of skills of each level were not considered. In Ph. D. curricula, the emphasis on the skills of both levels was the same. From the perspective of knowledge, the frequency of procedural knowledge at the B. A degree and, the frequency of concept knowledge at the M. A. and Ph. D. degrees were more than other types of knowledge-related dimensions. It was also found that there were differences in cognitive and knowledge aspects in M. A. and Ph. D. degrees. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that based on Bloom's revised taxonomy, the behavioral goals of the curriculum of knowledge and information science in three studied degrees distance from the desirable situation and reviewing these curricula is essential.

Introduction: The present study aimed at identifying influencing factors and indicators of infopreneurship, as well as proposing a theoretical model for it in Iran. Methodology: This study is a qualitative research conducted through a grounded theory approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of 30 experts in the fields of information science and knowledge management, entrepreneurship and the Internet and Web, who were selected through the purposeful sampling. The research instrument included a semi-structured interview, which continued until data saturation. The collected data were analyzed by using open, axial and selective coding methods. The result of these interviews was a collection of primary concepts which were collected during the open coding process and from which the basic concepts and major categories were derived. Afterwards, in the axial coding phase, links among these categories were identified which fell into six headings, involving causal factors, the fundamental phenomenon, strategies, underlying factors, intervening conditions and consequences. Then, in the selective coding step, the story was drawn and the grounded theory was presented. Findings: The findings of the study indicated that infopreneurship in Iran is affected by structural factors, behavioral factors, background factors and strategic factors each of which has its own components. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be argued that for infopreneurship to take place, the interaction of four intertwined factors is required. These include demand for information, availability of the needed information, the retrieval of information, and adding value of information. The factors and their indicators identified in the study and the theoretical framework provide a unique model in the Iranian context in that the proposed model encompasses all the relevant economical, technical and contextual factors as well as factors pertaining to human, knowledge and background resources which might have bearings on infopruneurship in Iran.

Introduction: The emergence and expansion of the use of the Internet has created a new paradigm of communication and a kind of interactive Internet, called social network. Social networks are divided into two general groups, such as Facebook, Twitter and so on and specialized networks such as Research Gate, Mandeley and Accademia. The present article aimed to determine the necessities, challenges and strategies of activity in scientific social networks from the point of view of the faculty members of knowledge and information science. Methodology: This qualitative study was a grounded theory. The main method of data collection was a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was based on the analysis of three levels of Strauss and Corbin coding by using MAXQDA software. The sampling was carried out in a purposeful way and the main criterion regarding the number of interviews was to reach the theoretical saturation. Findings: Analysis of data led to the extraction of the 4 main categories including the contexts (communication interaction, knowledge search, knowledge sharing), challenges (lack of time, lack of awareness and skills), requirements (personal knowledge management, university support, activity of scientific organizations, governmental support) and effective factors (understanding of need, network capabilities), as well as 11 subcategories and 57 classes. Conclusion: The central concept of the research, called "scientific socialization", was formed in this study f. Scientific socialization brings the scientific spirit of social relations that passes through the process of socialization to the members of the community.

Introduction: The present study aims to identify dominant outputs in the music field and equate them with outputs mentioned in the regulations for the promotion of faculty members in order to prevent neglecting a major part of activities of faculty members in the field of music and make fair and proper evaluations of this issue. Methodology: This research is a kind of applied and exploratory research and it used the library method, survey and content analysis with an exploratory and similarity approach. Findings: The findings showed that the dominant outputs in the music are related to “ composing” . Also focused group was not enough agreed with authoring and translating books, journal articles, conference papers, speech at the conferences and conducting research projects, while they were agreed a lot with outputs like individual and group concerts, composing, releasing albums, making a piece for the movie and being an orchestra leader. Also the findings of this study showed that only 27. 27% of the output of the regulations for the promotion of faculty members covers the field of music. Conclusions: It was found that there is no consideration for the dominant musical outputs in the regulations for the promotion of faculty members and just a general item is considered as ‘ new and valuable artistic works’ and it has not so much score. This will ignore major faculty members' abilities and they do not get enough points in the regulations. To solve this problem, outputs which could be equated with the predicted outputs in the regulations have been shown.

Introduction: Today, the secret of the success of any organization is the knowledge management. Because knowledge is such, it should only be done by oneself individually. So, this causes raising different psychological concepts in knowledge management. Given the undeniable role of individuals in today's business excellence, personal knowledge management topics vs. organizational knowledge management topics are discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of personal knowledge management on the impact of psychological characteristics on organizational competencies in information and knowledge services. Methodology: This is an applied study with a mixed method. The sample in qualitative section consisted of ones with research experiences in the field of personal knowledge management, and in the quantitative section, the staff of central libraries of Tehran’ s state universities. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire with the seven dimensions of retrieving, evaluating, organizing, collaborating, analyzing, providing, and securing information was used for studying personal knowledge management, and the Neo questionnaire was used for the study of psychological characteristics, and a researchermade questionnaire was used with the five dimensions of external information awareness, internal knowledge dissemination, effective decision architecture, organizational focus, and continue innovation for measuring organizational competencies. The reliability of the questionnaire has been evaluated by Cronbach’ s Alpha, which was equal to. 728. Data was analyzed by the descriptive and inferential statistics methods. Findings: The results showed that the psychological characteristics have a direct effect on personal knowledge management and personal knowledge management has a direct effect on organizational competencies. The impact of psychological characteristics on organizational competencies was not confirmed, and the role of personal knowledge management was detected as a mediator. Conclusion: According to the results, in evaluating the personal knowledge of library staff, special attention should be paid on their personalities. To achieve the desired organizational competencies, the skills of library staff should be strengthen for their personal knowledge management.

Introduction: Knowledge production is a complex and time-consuming process and academic elites are pioneers in this field. Few studies have investigated the process of ‘ scientific communication’ and its role in the production and dissemination of knowledge in humanities and, more importantly, the effectiveness of interdisciplinary communication on the development of knowledge fields in humanities. This study reviews and introduces these concepts in order to analyze the challenges of interdisciplinary knowledge production in humanities. Methodology: This study was conducted by using a library research and literature review and the concepts were identified by reviewing relevant literature. Findings: In the framework of scientific communication theory and interdisciplinary knowledge production in humanities, there is not only a need for the effective participation of knowledge creators and scientific elites within the academic community, but also infrastructure requirements of interdisciplinary knowledge production and dissemination should exist, in addition to their willingness to publish their ideas and thoughts. If knowledge is considered as a communication network in the humanities, wisdom participants (consumers and producers) can gain insights that share creative ideas in a creative way and help the knowledge wisdom fluidity. Hence, it is necessary to further understand factors affecting scientific communication in academic settings. Conclusion: It seems that knowledge exchange and utilization of interdisciplinary research which result in dissemination of ideas and thoughts to solve problems and difficulties in society are among the indispensable requirements of human communities. Hence, development of interdisciplinary knowledge in the humanities in order to achieve the desired status can be addressed by using some theoretical frameworks with an emphasis on the role of interdisciplinary communication in the knowledge production process.

Introduction: Information behavior is the function of individuals after feeling the need for information. In the framework of social cognition, a person performs a certain information behavior. Understanding the variables of social cognition and their role will lead to the promotion of information behavior of individuals and society and the achievement of an information society. This study aimed to investigate the role of social goals (SG) as a social cognitive variable in the information behavior (IB). Methodology: This descriptive survey used a researcher-made questionnaire on a sample of post graduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (384 participants). For questionnaire’ s validity, the experts’ opinions and factor analysis were used and Cronbach’ s alpha was applied for its reliability (amounted to 0. 74) Findings: The rate of user’ s SG in the IB was more than average. The field of study had no role in the SG associated with the IB of users, but educational level and gender had a role in this regard. Among the components of social goals, social concern had the lowest score and was less than average. Conclusion: The results showed that the average of social goals in information behavior was higher than average. Also, the subjects' field of study was not effective in the degree of social goals in their information behavior, and there was no significant difference between the scores of the four subjects (humanities, basic sciences, engineering and agricultural sciences).

Introduction: The main problem described by Wittgenstein is language, which initially conceives language as the illustrator of the facts and later in its second philosophical period, as a form of life. This paper seeks to analyze the dimensions of information storage and retrieval in light of Wittgenstein's picture and language games theories. Methodology: Wittgenstein's analytical method used in both of his books is a method of analysis or argumentation and a conceptual-linguistic method. This research was carried out by using analytical method and literature review. Information was gathered by searching for printed and electronic sources (related articles and books). Findings: Analysis of the information storage and retrieval systems from texture, knowledge representation, indexing, spoken communities, natural language, meaning and relevance and access to content dimensions showed that the information storage and retrieval systems in the realization of their main goal, which is the transfer of information from the source of information to the searcher is faced with fundamental semantic problems. The information storage and retrieval system that provides well access to information does not function well in access to the intellectual content. Conclusion: The process of analyzes and basic assumptions in the information storage and retrieval systems implies that the information storage and retrieval systems are designed based on the search indexes and expressions with static meanings and the rule of the individualism and subjectivity approach influenced by the picture theory of language. But the text as the source of information that feeds the information storage and retrieval system is no longer the area of language games, and it is impossible to conceive of what the indexing system considered constant conceptions for the text as the ultimate and definitive meaning of the text.

Introduction: The article aimed to find out the divergence of knowledge and information management standards in a critical-analytical approach. Developing data entities management standards by the World Wide Web consortium and Web search tools, on the one hand, and designing the same kind of standards by cultural heritage community, on the other hand, cause divergence and the divergence will lead to pluralism that cannot solve current Web problems in data controlling and processing, especially, when we are encountering some challenges such as the big data phenomenon. Methodology: The linked data method and schema. org derived from W3C and Web search engines, and the knowledge and information management standards such as BIBFRAME, and the conceptual reference models such as IFLA LRM, developed by cultural heritage communities were compared with each other in terms of functionality. The reasons in cultural heritage context, causing divergence are analyzed with emphasizing on web capabilities and the features of web data entities. Findings: It seems that the current pluralistic approach in developing the tools and methods through the W3C and search engines, for creating the semantic web will repeat previous unsuccessful experiences in web standards development. Accordingly, doing the vital processes such as authority control and the representation of relationship patterns for extracting knowledge and semantics from data contexts are necessary. On top of that, metadata interoperability, the imperfect understanding of web technologies, and describing special data entities, such as commercial products, comments of social networks, as well as, not developing the standards having complementary role to other standards such as content standards for metadata standards increase the pluralism. Conclusion: Finally, improving the interaction and synergy of cultural heritage context’ s standards specialists with the standards developers of web consortium and web search tools, as well as, adapting web standards to conceptual reference models in different contexts and other strategies to reach interoperability is recommended.

Introduction: the purpose of this study was to study the effect of psychological factors and the search type on choice overload in the information retrieval systems. Methodology: This study used a descriptive review method and was done based on the study of relevant literature on the choice overload theory. Collection of related articles was done with using the keywords of ‘ ‘ Too-much-choice effect’ ’ , ‘ ‘ hyperchoice’ ’ , ‘ ‘ tyranny of choice’ ’ , ‘ ‘ paradox of choice’ ’ , ‘ ‘ lure of choice’ ’ and their combinations with the keywords of ‘ ‘ maximizer’ ’ , ‘ ‘ satisficer’ ’ , ‘ ‘ type of search’ ’ , ‘ ‘ modulators’ ’ and ‘ ‘ Google’ ’ in databases of SID, Magiran, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar in the time span of 19902017. Findings: The findings showed that factors such as restrictions on cognitive ability and occurring cognitive overload (cognitive overload theory), feeling regret about not including all items and then regret about the choice that leads to so-called "berry picking" or information selection with obsession (serendipity theory), and trying to select relevant information regarding to the cognitive capacity constraints (selective attention theory) are dissatisfaction factors in many retrieved results. Browsing researches in this area shows that amongst psychological factors, the personality factor is an effective factor in the choice overload. Conclusion: Users personality and search type are both effective variables in determining the level of satisfaction. According to the information retrieval systems' more direction toward customization, considering the type of personality and the type of search will lead to some retrieval with more satisfied users.

Introduction: Query expansion is considered as an appropriate solution for solving the problem of short and ambiguous user queries. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of Persian language query expansion. Methodology: Current research is done with using a systematic review method based on Okoli & Schabram's Guidance. Searching in the scientific databases with related keywords led to 35 works in Persian language and 18 works in English language. By applying primary refinement, inclusion and exclusion criteria to study and after expert review, six Persian works and eight English works were selected for doing a systematic review. A checklist was designed and needed information extracted from the works. Finally, findings were processed to achieve four goals of the study: identifying methods, knowledge sources, test collections, and research gaps. Findings: The systematic review showed that 14 works deal with query expansion in Persian language. These works fall into four categories based on knowledge sources for term expansion: relevance-based (eight works), knowledge-based (two works), web-based (two works), and combined-based resources (two works). Most of these studies have been done on news test collections and the Hamshahri newspaper corpus has been used almost in the half of researches as a knowledge source for term expansion as well as test collection. Conclusion: There is much room to research in the field of query expansion in Persian language. Various knowledge sources, especially web-based ontologies and resources should be considered and used for query expansion in Persian language. Besides, the use of a standard test collection provides the researchers with the facility of comparing the different methods.

Introduction: Humans always have information needs. Several factors cause the information need. Context is one of them. Complicated and changing context of business has resulted in creating business information needs and so providing business information services. This paper reviews and introduces these concepts in order to open a new path for information professions. Methodology: This paper is a literature review. Findings: Different aspects of business information, as well as needs, resources and services of business information and the role information and knowledge professions may have in this domain are shown and explained. Conclusion: Today, the role and importance of business information and business information services has been determined worldwide in a way that it is needed for designing business information services. The information professionals can enter these areas in a way that they can have practical and fundamental roles and consequently, promote their social situations.

Introduction: Experiential documentation is a kind of knowledge management (KM). The main problem is the documentation of intellectual capital and experience in using knowledge in preserving resources and avoiding previous mistakes. The purpose of this study is the application of policies in the developmental schemes of water resources in three sectors of Fars, Boushehr and Kohgilooyeh regional water companies using the documentation of experimental knowledge within the order of the priority of project implementation in three national, provincial and individual levels. Methodology: Combining the samples from three testing sectors, namely, R and D departments of Fars, Boushehr and Kohgilooyeh regional water companies yielded data from 36 participants. The research used the mixed method sampling. The data were gathered by using the interview and Delphi (in qualitative phase) and a Likert-type questionnaire (in quantitative phase). Finding: The finding revealed that the participants unanimously accepted the order of priority of the project implementation in the hierarchy of national and provincial sectors regarding experimental knowledge of experts. Finally, the project documentation should be included as a complimentary service in all stages. Conclusion: The lack of KM system in projects creates problems like the disorder of project implementation and disclaiming experimental knowledge of the experts.

Introduction: Specialists and researchers need to recognize the tagging behavior of users to improve their systems, design new systems, and create useful interfaces. So far, Iranians' tagging behavior has not been investigated, while these users have a lot of activity in social media, especially social networks regarding tagging; therefore, this study aims to identify the tagging behavior of members of public libraries of Kermanshah, Iran on Instagram social network. Methodology: This research has been done in a qualitative cognitive approach and the method is the content analysis. Data was gathered with a deep interview technique. Participants were members of public libraries of Kermanshah in autumn 2017. Sampling was done in a purposeful method and continued up to data saturation. Data gathering was done at the same time with data gathering. Findings: The analysis of interviewing data caused the formation of 84 concepts that were categorized into 25 sub-categories and finally classified into 7 main categories, including tagging incentives, decision making, tagging strategies, type of tags, structuring, measurement and difficulties of tagging, all indicating the different aspects of tagging behavior of the library members. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that the individual enters the process of decision-making by looking for his/her motives, then comes on with strategies and determines a number of tags and adds a structure to it according to the social network. Then, the accuracy of the writing item and its structure and the effectiveness and efficiency of the tags will be assessed and take a corrective action a few days after the dissemination of the item, if necessary. In each of these stages, a person faces difficulties that may be due to network constraints or requirements, or the individual him/herself faces challenges and problems based on his/her own goals and motives, and his/her level of skill and experience in tagging, or because of the diversity in vocabulary in terms of semantics and the like, faces problems and difficulties. These 7 aspects of tagging behavior are not entirely independent of one another, even with an overlap in parts.

Introduction: The main purpose of this paper is to study the attitudes and readiness of Mashhad's academic librarians toward mobile learning and applying it in academic libraries. Methodology: This study used a survey method. The statistical population of this research was 70 employed librarians in Mashhad state universities (Medical and Ferdowsi universities). The sample size was determined 59 subjects according to Cochran’ s formula and the data were collected by using the stratified random sampling method. The instrument of the study was a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by professors in the field and its reliability calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0. 79). Findings: The results showed that 85% of respondents did not have any information about mobile learning; however, they were interested to know more about it. All librarians have used at least one of mobile devices for personal affairs in their life. In addition, attitude and readiness of the librarians toward mobile learning were upper than the average value. Conclusion: Librarians‘ positive attitudes to and their readiness for mobile devices show the importance of these devices and also mobile learning provides a good opportunity for academic librarian managers to use these devices in their library services.

Introduction: Many factors affect the reading behavior. Primary education is the most critical stage for creating reading skills and using it. Reading culture in the school should support reading motivation at a positive attitude in superficial, shallow and deep levels. Despite the importance of school reading culture, this research field has been ignored in Iran's schools. This study aimed to explore the quality of reading culture management in primary schools located in in Sanandaj city. Methodology: We used an integrated mixed method and explored Sanandaj primary schools from different dimensions: reading symbols in school environment, students' experience of reading behaviors, administers and teachers' beliefs about importance and state of the art about reading in schools, and solutions which they propose for scenarios about students' encountering with reading problems. Findings: Primary school environment lacks the reading symbols and school staff and parents' behavior does not a reading behavior pattern and does not provide support for cultivate the importance of reading. Although teachers and administers are heavily believe in the importance of reading, they do not use the reading based practical solutions to improve reading motivations of students. Conclusions: We find that the reading culture is not managed in a deliberate and intentional way in Sanandaj primary schools .

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of the public libraries of Iran Public Libraries Foundation and those of Art and Culture Organization of Tehran Municipality. This study also evaluated the present situation of these libraries and has been compared them with the standards of public libraries. Methodology: This research is an applied survey and had mixed data collection method. A questionnaire was used for measuring the effectiveness of the libraries and a check list was used for evaluating their present situation. Findings: Research findings showed that the effectiveness of public libraries of Iran Public Libraries Foundation is more than municipal libraries. In the former, there is a positive significant correlation between library collection and the average of library effectiveness. Also, there is a positive significant correlation between the educational degree of managers and the average of effectiveness in staff and resources, while in municipal libraries, there is a positive significant correlation between educational degree of managers and staff effectiveness. There is a positive significant correlation between the number of professional liberians and effectiveness of these libraries. In municipal libraries, there is a positive significant correlation between computers of members and employees and dimensions of staff effectiveness. Conclusions: Considering the role of public libraries in cultural and social development and multiplicity in the management of these libraries in the country, it is necessary to measure the effectiveness of these libraries for evaluating their performance, because the main reason for measuring effectiveness is getting closer to the ultimate goal of each library.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the social marketing and the users' reading culture and compare their views with those of librarians. Methodology: This study is a descriptive survey with a practical purpose. The data were collected by two researcher-made questionnaires. The statistical population consisted of librarians and active users of the public libraries of Lenjan city, Iran. The census sampling method was used for librarians and stratified random sampling for library users. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 23. Findings: The findings showed that the social marketing activities from viewpoints of librarians and users are more than the moderate level (3). The reading culture was more than average among users (in confidence level of 95%). There is also a significant relationship between the two variables of users' viewpoints about social marketing and their reading culture. Conclusions: Although librarians and users' viewpoints about social marketing have obtained scores more than the moderate level, it does not mean that the authorities can give up their efforts and activities in this aspect. Findings revealed that librarians feel that it is their duty to promote reading; however, the lack of funding for attracting users and rewarding systems for librarians has the least scores. These items may act as barriers and should be solved by library administrators and supervisors.