JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (20)|Papers Count:7

The main aim of the present study was investigating the effect of tDCS on improving working memory of children with mathematical disorder. To do so, 20 elementary students with math disorder were selected from Tehran clinics’ clients using purposeful sampling. For assessing working memory, N-back test was conducted by all subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups; 10 subjects received tDCS and rest of them, the control group, didn’t receive it. Training sessions were conducted for 10 days: each day one session-10 minutes with an intensity of 1 mA. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that effect of tDCS on working memory performance have been effective. The results of this study showed that tDCS can improve working memory performance in children with mathematical disorder.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on psychological well-being of mothers of children with learning Disabilities. This method is based on Teasdale's Cognitive Theories. Mindfulness can be known as a basis of psychological treatments with sustained monitoring the current situation. The study was a pretest-posttest experimental design with a control group. Statistical population consisted of all mothers of children with learning disabilities of Delijan city. The sample consisted of 40 of these mothers who were randomly selected. The instrument was psychological well-being questionnaire. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) was used. The results showed the effectiveness of this therapy on the psychological wellbeing of mothers of children with learning disabilities. The research hypothesis (p<0.001) was confirmed at significance level. The presence of LD child causes a lot of stress for parents and can endanger their mental health. It is very important that the mothers of these children become familiar with their feelings. Increased Mindfulness is associated with increased psychological wellbeing. In fact, it can cause the recognition and management of the conscious mind and being capable of solving everyday problems.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of compilation of parent based short-term cognitive-behavioral training and Strengthening precision in treatment of reading disorder and improve the spatial performance of students with reading disabilities. The research population consisted of students with reading disorder in primary schools for the school year 1394-1393 in Ardabil city that were referred to counseling and psychological services center of Ardabil General Directorate of Education. Sample selected consist of 30 dyslexic students that selected wiht available sampling. The experimental method and pre - posttest design with control group was used. In this study data was collected by Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ). After implementing the pre-test, for both groups and experimental group for 6 forty-five-minute sessions under training the play therapy based on recognizable-behavioral approach was conducted and after end of this period, post-test for both groups was conducted. The obtained data were analyzed in two levels of descriptive and inferential statics and by use of covariance test (ANCOVA) with SPSS software. The obtained results showed that use of parent based short-term cognitive-behavioral training and Strengthening precision caused improvement in reading performance of students (P<0.01) and improve the spatial performance (P<0.05). The results showed that the parent based short-term cognitive-behavioral training and Strengthening precision has positive effects on the improvement of reading performance of students and leads to improve the spatial performance.

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the effectiveness of working memory training software on attention functions of students with mathematics learning disabilities. The methodology is experimental, with pre-test and post-test with a control group and the statistical population included male and female students with learning disabilities in second to sixth elementary grades with mathematic learning disability at schools in the Central Province between 1392 to 1393. Thirty students were selected by cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instrument used in this research were Demographic questionnaire, working memory training software, Stroop Test software, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children four, was Math Test (Kenoly, 1988). The research data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed that after performing working memory training software in the test group, the subscale of function in the Stroop test between experimental and control groups improved significantly. The results showed that using the software working memory is used to improve attention functions of students mathematics learning disabilities and it can be used as an effective method.

Family is one of the most natural groups satisfying human needs. Birth of a child with special learning disability in a family can be an unpleasant and a challenging event. These events lead to some inappropriate beliefs and thoughts that can impact the marital satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to compare the early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction in mothers of special learning disability children and mothers of normal children. The research design of this study was causal-comparative. Statistical population of this study consists of all mothers with learning disabilities children and mothers of normal children in Saveh in 2015-2016 academic year. Form this population, 55 women with normal children and 55 women with special learning disability children were randomly selected. The data were collected by Young Early Schema Questionnaire (short form) and Espalier Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA. Results showed that difference between maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction in mothers of special learning disability Children and Mothers of Normal Children was significant (P<0.05). Also it can be concluded that the presence of children with special learning disability affects the level of marital satisfaction and maladaptive schemas in mothers; thus, training of appropriate strategies for parents of children with special learning disability to reduce the maladaptive schemas and increase their marital satisfaction is essential.

The current investigation describes the application of self-instruction method and its effectiveness on improving the handwriting of students with specific learning disabilities in elementary school. To do so, three individuals with dysgraphia from a school in Marivan City were selected (two male, and one female). These students referred to Learning Disabilities Center. These students were tested by handwriting problems Test developed by the investigators and useful diagnosing handwriting problems. Design of the study was Multiple baseline cross behaviors, one of the strongest experimental designs in single subject studies. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) was used to ascertain their Level of intellectual functioning. To analyze the data, scale analysis and size index were used. Intervention consisted of ten 50-minute sessions in which application of self-instruction method was used. Results showed that application of self-instruction method was effective in modifying their handwriting Problems. Teachers can use this method in school setting to enhance handwriting of students with specific learning disabilities.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance/Commitment Training to decrease social anxiety in students with Specific Learning Disorder. This research is an experimental study with the pre and post-test with a control group design. Statistical population of the study included all of fifth grade school male students with specific learning disorder (SLD) in Ardabil city in school year of 2014-2015. The study sample included 40 male student with specific learning disorder (SLD) selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and randomly divided into control and experimental groups (n=20 for each group). The data were collected using Structured Clinical Interview based on DSM-V, Kay-Math Mathematic Test, Revan IQ test, The Diagnostic Test of Reading Disorders of Shafei et al, Fallah Chaei' expressing Writing Test and Social Anxiety Scale and diagnosis interview based on DSM-5. The results of multivariate of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that Acceptance/ Commitment Training has positive effect on decreasing the social anxiety in students with specific learning disorder (SLD). Based on the findings of this study, it can be claimed that since training based on Acceptance/ Commitment affects development and acceptance of emotions, it can have positive effects on decreasing social anxiety in these students. Thus, paying attention to the effectiveness of acceptance/ commitment and other psychological treatments on variables related to social anxiety in students with specific learning disorder is of particular importance.