JOURNAL OF STUDIES OF SOCIO-CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Year:2014 | Volume:2 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Rural development should be compatible with environmental conditions, social and cultural aspects of a society. Rural development is a step towards self-sufficiency to improve the rural community. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the domestic context. This paper is a fundamental study and library in order to introduce indigenous knowledge into a relevant context for rural development and localization and in this regard to consider indigenous knowledge and its characteristics such as holistic, cumulative, dynamic and intertwined with the culture of a nation and its practical application. Not only rural development adapt with local conditions, but also a community can achieve inner development. Villagers in the shadows of offering their knowledge and experiences can benefit from the comprehensive development. Besides it leading to empowerment of rural people rather than mere reliance on, they feel safe, effective, to be effective, worthwhile and having a choice is created.

The present research seeks to study the impact of media consumption (local and satellite televisions) on the social trust. The population of the study is all of the enrolled students of Mazandaran University which 400 students through proportionate stratified sampling method have been selected as sample of the study. The required data has been gathered by self administered questionnaire and data were analyzed via SPSS software. Research findings indicate that while there is no significant relationship between watching local TV and social trust, watching satellite TV is related to social trust, negatively. Moreover, some variables such as the participation in voluntary associations, reciprocity norms, positive attitude toward law administration, and justice feeling all were positively related to social trust. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis indicate that after the variable of justice feeling which has the most significant impact on the social trust, the variable of reciprocity norms is placed in the next ranking.

The family as a social institution has experienced dramatic changes during recent decades. These changes had influential effects on the situation of the members, especially children, within the family. Using the data from the “Time Use Survey”, conducted in urban areas in 2008 and2009, this paper aims to analyze the effect of the mother's employment on the achievement of human capital by children aged 15-19 years. Findings showed that children of employed mothers spend more time in human capital achievement activates than the others. This is in consistent with previous studies. It reflects the fact that the income generated from the employment is invested in children' shuman capital. Further analyses clarified that the effect of the mother's employment ties with the effect of her level of education. Most employed mothers were highly educated as well. The combination of the employment and the education showed to have stronger effect on the human capital achievement. The positive effects of the mother's occupational rank, and hours spent on paid-work also revealed the positive effect of income on children's human capital achievement.

During transition from a familiar environment to a strange environment, people would encounter with different challenges in an intercultural environment. They would realize the behavior patterns, attitudes and cultural values which are acceptable in their own familiar environment, may not be accepted in other environments. In order to reduce the uncertainty caused by cultural differences, individuals should be aware of cultural diversity and should reinforce the ability to communicate with people from different cultures in their boost. These types of behaviors emanate from people’s cultural intelligence and can be an indicator for the ability to adapt to a new cultural environment.The purpose of this study is to consider the role of cultural intelligence in cross-cultural adjustment and job performance in organizations. After reviewing the theoretical literature, the conceptual model is developed. Data is collected through questionnaires and based on the results of the data analysis, cultural intelligence, culture shock and cultural adjustment are presented as factors affecting performance in organizations. Finally, based on considering aspects of each concept, practical suggestions for improving performance in organizations are presented.

This study investigates the impact of the Internet on Multicultural Identity among University Students. The main objective of this research is theoretical and empirical study of the relationship between the Internet and Multicultural Identity. In order to achieve this objective, Stuart Hall's theory about Media Communication and Multicultural Identity and Manuel Castells' theory about the Internet and Network Society, are studied as Theoretical Framework of Research. The population studied includes the students of Kashan State University and Kashan Medical Sciences University in 2013-14 school year (Equivalent to 9540people), that among this population, using Cochran's formula, 380people are selected, as the Sample Size. The results of hypotheses tests of this study suggest that there is meaningful and direct correlations between the variable of Multicultural Identity and the variables of Duration and extent of use of the Internet, Proficient in the use of internet, The Use of Internet Scientific Sites, The Use of Internet Art Sites, Shopping Internet Cultural Goods and The Use of Virtual Social Networks. Also, the results of the Regression Analysis, shows direct impact of the variables of Social Virtual Networks, The Use of Internet Art Sites and Duration and extent of use of the Internet on the variable of Multicultural Identity.

This research studies social capital of young and old generations. The questions are: Is social capital of young generation differ from the old generation? What are reduction causes of social capital of young generation? In this research, the dimensions of social capitalare considered trust, participation and relations. For validity of items are used face validity and for reliability of variables are used cronbach’ Alpha and cronbach’ Alpha all variables is over 0.8. Statistical population of research is citizens of young generation (15-25 years old) and old generation (50 years old and higher) Rasht city. Sample size is 400 that 50 percent of questionnaire filled by citizens of young generation and 50 percent by citizens of old generation too. Research data were collected by questionnaire and for testing hypothesis used Mann-Whitney U, T and pearson test. Research finding shows social capital of young generation is lower from social capital of old generation and so satellite programs and generation change is caused erosion of social capital of young generation.

This paper has assessed socio - cultural impacts of urban park by regarding public spaces theory. Results of study in Sharif and Roshd park users in 22 region, show that users viewpoints is in contract with the defined goals, functions and the outcomes for public spaces.Unhappiness from “presence of others” - whit characteristics such as low Socio-economic status, different living place, younger and Abnormal social behaviors and …. - Shows that the social processes changes to social relationship conflicts instead of increasing social capital and solidarity. This paper is based on results of two social impact assessment studies in 22 regions. Data have been gathered by qualitative method upon deep interviews.Results of theoretical analysis based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of "distinction” explains that these issues are inevitable in Modern society, but socio – cultural impacts assessments researchers should be aware conflict accumulation may change these “distinction Stress” to social conflict and social resistance. Thereby it is necessary to explain contents of conflicts in park's sphere, determine the role of park in strengthening those conflicts and subjection socio- cultural framework for reduce them.

Today, most experts believe that focused urban management experience is failed and it is impossible without citizen participation. So the attraction of citizens’ participation is the main concerns of the new urban management. The participation is the one of the social development indicators especially in the administration of the city as a center of modern life. Considering the importance of this issue, this paper aims to identify the experiences of citizen participation in urban affairs and explore them pathology and fields. We used quality methods based on focused group discussion to collect data. So we executed 5 meetings that neighborhood representatives of 20 neighborhoods of region 4 of Tehran municipality attended in it. Neighborhood representatives have good information about neighborhood so they are the good resource to achieve information. Findings indicated that there are samples of experiences but the participation of citizens then encountering with problems. Additionally there are fields in neighborhoods that as the capacities empowerment the participation of citizens.