Journal of Education and Community Health
Year:2019 | Volume:6 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:9

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Aims Incomplete adherence to iron supplementation consumption program is one of the main causes of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention on promoting adherence to different aspects of iron supplementation consumption program in pregnant women. Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group was conducted among 100 pregnant women during 16-20 weeks of pregnancy who referred to two health centers in Asadabad, Hamadan in 2017. The subjects were selected using random sampling method and randomly divided into intervention and control groups (50 people in each group). The training program was presented to the intervention group in the form of text messages along with pictures, self-monitoring and a phone call. Blood parameters were measured by blood tests and other variables were evaluated using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using Chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-tests. Findings Intervention could make a significant difference in the behavior of mothers in both groups regarding iron supplementation consumption with vitamin C sources (p<0. 001). However, despite the improvement of iron supplementation consumption behavior, lack of simultaneous iron supplementation consumption with calcium sources and observation of the distance between tea drinking and supplement consumption, the difference between the two groups was not significant. The mothers of the two groups also had a significant difference in the amount of ferritin (p=0. 003). Conclusion The intervention program designed based on the protection motivation theory is effective in promoting adherence to the iron supplementation consumption plan and reducing anemia in pregnant women.

Aims Aging is associated with a phenomenon of menopause in women that is a very broad concept due to the coincidence with the appearance of aging symptoms. Menopause may affect women’ s quality of life and especially their health. The aim of this study was to explain the selfconcept of postmenopausal women. Participants & Methods The present study is a qualitative phenomenological research that was conducted among 23 menopausal women referred to Sanandaj health clinics in 2018 using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Participants were selected by purposive sampling method. Sampling continued until having achieved informational redundancy or saturation. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 software and according to van Manen’ s six steps to guide phenomenological research. Findings Five main themes were identified: intellectual ability, occupational efficiency, physical attractiveness, social skills, and virtues/vices, which is consistent with Beck self-concept test. In addition, the theme “ physical health” was extracted from the participants’ statements which are not part of the Beck test. Conclusion Postmenopausal women, with the exception of intellectual ability and occupational efficacy, have problems in other themes such as physical attractiveness, social skills, and exercise, mood, and physical problems, which indicates inappropriate self-concept after menopause.

Aims The susceptibility of people to addiction provides the platform for people to become addicted. This means that some people are more prepared for addiction than others. Therefore, attention should be paid to the underlying factors for the preparation of addiction in people. In this regard, the aim of present study was to determine the correlation between emotional intelligence, impulsivity and irrational beliefs with addiction potential in male secondary school students. Instruments & Methods In this descriptive-correlational study, 357 male secondary school students in Dezful city in the academic year of 2016-2017 were selected using cluster random sampling. The collection tools were Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 Questionnaire (BIS-11), Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT), and Addiction Potential Scale (APS). The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Findings There was a negative correlation between addiction potential with the emotional intelligence, but there was a positive correlation between impulsiveness and irrational beliefs with the addiction potential (p<0. 01). Also cognitive impulsiveness (β =0. 63), coping with pressure (β =-0. 29), and interpersonal skills (β =-0. 22) could predict 46% of variance of addiction potential (p<000. 1). Conclusion Addiction potential has negative correlation with emotional intelligence and positive correlation with impulsiveness and irrational beliefs in male secondary school students.

Aims Spiritual health is one of the important aspects of health, which forms an important part of human life. The aim of this study was to determine the status of spiritual health and its relationship with demographic characteristics in students of Mashhad University of Medical Science. Instruments & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 256 students of Mashhad University of Medical Science in 2018. The subjects were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire and Ellison and Paloutzian’ s Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS). Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 software using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman’ s correlation tests. Findings 84. 0% of students (n=215) had moderate spiritual well-being. There was a significant relationship between gender with religious health dimension (p=0. 002) and spiritual health score (p= 0. 014). There was a significant relationship between the student’ s job status and grade and field of study with dimensions of religious health, existential health, and spiritual health score (p<0. 01). There was a significant correlation between religious health, and existential health with spiritual health (p<0. 001). Conclusion Only a few students have a high level of spiritual health, and the majority of subjects have a moderate level of spiritual health. There is a relationship between gender and grade and field of study with their level of spiritual health.

Aims Unsafe behaviors of motorcyclists are one of the main causes of their mortality. Measuring the unsafe behaviors of motorcyclists and planning for control them in the first step, requires a tool that matches the cultural, social and religious characteristics of the society. The purpose of this study was to design and psychometric of measurement tool of unsafe behaviors in motorcycle driving based on information, motivation and behavioral skills model. Materials & Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study to determine the tool items, after reviewing the scientific resources, and the need assessment of beliefs in the community under study, a 32-item questionnaire consisting of information, motivation and behavioral skills domains was designed. Its validity was done by content validity (quantitative and qualitative), formal validity and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and its reliability was done by internal consistency (Cronbach’ s alpha) and test-retest (ICC) using LISREL 8. 8 software. Findings After the validity and reliability, 21 items remained in the final version of the questionnaire. The content validity index was 0. 97-1. Also, the results of construct validity showed RMSEA=0. 071 and X2/df=1. 97 (p<0. 001). Tool reliability was confirmed using internal consistency (α =0. 70-0. 87) and its stability by test-retest (ICC=0. 992). Conclusion Designed questionnaire to assess the unsafe behaviors of motorcyclists based on the information, motivation and behavioral skills model has appropriate validity and reliability and is approved.

Aims Health literacy includes not only the ability to read but also a set of complicated skills. Health literacy is important for understanding health messages and choosing the appropriate decision. The aim of this study was to determine the level of health literacy of mothers with infants who referred to urban health centers of Guilan. Instruments & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 253 mothers with infants who referred to urban health centers covered by the Guilan University of Medical Sciences for receiving routine care in 2018. These subjects were selected using random sampling method. For data collection, the standard information literacy questionnaire (HELIA) was distributed among eligible mothers according to inclusion criteria. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software using Spearman Correlation, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Findings The mean score of maternal health literacy was 72. 33± 13. 04. There was a significant relationship between the health literacy and maternal education level and occupational status (p<0. 05). Conclusion The level of health literacy in mothers with infants is desirable, but it depends on various factors and can change over time.

Aims Aging is an important period of life, and attention to the issues and needs of this period is socially important because they can eclipse the quality of life of the elderly. Today, the use of cell phones especially smart cell phones among elderly has also increased. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between quality of life and the use of smart cell phones in the elderly. Instruments & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 408 elderly people who were covered by the retirement center of Yazd in 2019. These subjects were selected using simple random sampling method. Data gathering tools included demographic questionnaire, cell phones status and internet usage and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. The data analysis was performed by SPSS 18 software using Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Findings The mean score for quality of life was 295. 62± 77. 93. 90. 2% of participants used cell phones. The quality of life components were significantly different based on gender, type of home, marital status, education level, income, having cell phone, duration and context of its use and who to live with elderly (p<0. 05). Conclusion There was a direct relationship between the quality of life and using cell phone, duration and context of its use that this interaction can be through the use of cell phones to raise awareness, communicate or entertain, or build more social relationships with family, relatives and peers.

Aims Self-medication in diabetic patients will lead to severe fluctuations in their blood glucose levels, which can lead to early complications of diabetes in patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the BASNEF model on selfmedication behaviors in patients with diabetes type 2. Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study was carried out on 200 patients with diabetes type 2 covered the diabetes center of Fasa city in 2018. The subjects were selected by random sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (100 people in each group). Data gathering tool was a questionnaire including demographic information, BASNEF model (knowledge, attitude, empowering factors, subjective norms, and behavioral intention) and self-medication behaviors about diabetes that was completed before and three months after intervention. Educational intervention was conducted for the experimental group in 7 training sessions of 50-55 minutes. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software, using Chi-square, independent t-test and paired t-test. Findings After intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, empowering factors, subjective norms, and behavioral intention was significantly increased in experimental group compared to control group. Also the mean score of self-medication behaviors significantly decreased. Conclusion The educational intervention based on the BASNEF model is effective on reducing the self-medication behaviors in patients with diabetes type 2.